Nord-Aviation (English: North Aviation) was a state-owned French aircraft manufacturer. The bulk of its facilities were based on the site of Bourges airport, in the département of Cher, in central France.
 | |
| Industry | Aviation |
|---|---|
| Predecessor | SFECMAS (Société française d'étude et de construction de matériels aéronautiques spéciaux) SNCAN (Société nationale de constructions aéronautiques du Nord) |
| Founded | 1 October 1954 |
| Defunct | 1 March 1970 |
| Fate | Acquired & merged |
| Successor | Aérospatiale |
| Headquarters | , |
On 1 October 1954, Nord Aviation was created as a result of the acquisition of SFECMAS (Société française d'étude et de construction de matériels aéronautiques spéciaux) by SNCAN (Société nationale de constructions aéronautiques du Nord). The company's name, Nord, also became commonly used as a generic name referring to the Pingouin light aircraft. It manufactured numerous aircraft; perhaps Nord Aviation's most successful aircraft was the Nord Noratlas, a utility transport used by both military and civilian customers. Other aircraft included general aviation, trainers and experimental aircraft, as well as other transports. Nord Aviation also developed and produced its own range of missiles; perhaps the most famous of these was the Exocet, a sea-skimming anti-ship missile.
On 1 March 1970, Nord Aviation merged with Sud Aviation and SEREB to form the 'Société nationale d'industrie aérospatiale (SNIAS), which would soon after be renamed Aérospatiale.
History
editFollowing the end of the Second World War, France's aviation industries began to rebuild and reestablish themselves; many companies chose to consolidate and merge with one another during this period. On 1 October 1954, Nord Aviation was created as a result of the acquisition of SFECMAS (Société française d'étude et de construction de matériels aéronautiques spéciaux) by SNCAN (Société nationale de constructions aéronautiques du Nord).
A year prior to the company's creation, the development of what can be regarded as perhaps Nord Aviation's most successful aircraft, the Nord Noratlas, had been completed. Nord continued the programme to schedule, fulfilling its initial contract for 34 aircraft by 25 June 1953; the Armée de l'Air went on to order another 174 Noratlases. Eventually, a total of 228 aircraft would enter French service.[1] In addition to this sizeable domestic appetite, the Noratlas was an export success as well; the newly formed nation of West Germany decided to address the German Air Force's requirement for new transport aircraft by ordering a total of 187 Noratlases, the first of which were delivered during 1956.[1] While the first 25 aircraft were manufactured in France, the remaining 161 Noratlases were locally manufactured by the West German-based Flugzeugbau Nord company; such aircraft were designated as N-2501D.[2] Flugzeugbau Nord had been involved in the Noratlas programme from an early stage, it being the company's first post-war aviation project, having been responsible for the design and manufacture of the majority of the aircraft's fuselage.[3] In addition to these and other military customers, the Noratlas was also manufactured for the civil market, including a specialised de-militarised model designated N-2502A/B.[4]
Several of Nord Aviation's aircraft never progressed beyond the experimental stage of development. One of the more radical designs was the Nord 1500 Griffon, a ramjet-powered fighter aircraft developed during the mid-1950s to meet a French Air Force specification for a Mach 2 fighter. Two prototypes were ordered initially in a letter dated 24 August 1953, with the final contract, (No. 2003/55) in 1955; although intended to eventually fulfil a requirement for a light interceptor capable of operation from 1,000m grass runways, the two prototypes were ordered without military equipment for research purposes only.[5] Production of the envisioned operational versions, often referred to as the Super Griffon, did not take place as it was found that the requirements could be met and exceeded with less complex and cheaper aircraft such as the more conventional Dassault Mirage III.[6]
In addition to its range of aircraft, Nord Aviation also developed and manufactured a range of missiles; perhaps the most famous of these was the Exocet, a sea-skimming anti-ship missile. Development was started by Nord during 1967 under the designation of MM 38; its basic body design was based on the AS-30 air-to-ground tactical missile. The air-launched version of the Exocet was developed during the 1970s, it entered service with the French Navy in 1979.[7] The missile gained a level of infamy for its use during the Falklands War of 1982, in which several British ships were damaged or sunk by Exocets launched by Argentinian forces. Both the Royal Navy destroyer HMS Sheffield and the 15,000-ton merchant ship Atlantic Conveyor were lost to use of the Exocet.[8] Separately, an American frigate, the USS Stark, was also damaged by two Exocet missiles launched by an Iraqi Air Force Dassault Mirage F1 while patrolling off the coast of Saudi Arabia.[9]
On 1 March 1970, Nord Aviation merged with Sud Aviation to create Société nationale d'industrie aérospatiale (SNIAS), which was promptly renamed Aérospatiale. In turn, this company would ultimately merge into European aerospace corporation EADS in 2000, which was subsequently rebranded as the Airbus Group.
Aircraft production (for SNCAN and Nord Aviation)
edit
Data from:Aviafrance SNCAN[10] and Aviafrance Nord[11]
| Model | Year | Note |
|---|---|---|
| Nord 1000 Pingouin | 1944 | Communications and Liaison |
| Nord 1001 Pingouin I | 1946 | Communications and Liaison |
| Nord 1002 Pingouin II | 1946 | Communication and Liaison |
| Nord 1100 Noralpha | 1944 | Prototype - Liaison |
| Nord 1101 Noralpha | 1946 | Liaison |
| Nord 1102 Noralpha | Liaison | |
| Nord 1104 Noralpha | 1950 | Liaison - Engine test |
| Nord 1110 Nord-Astazou | 1958 | Engine Test |
| Nord 1200 Norécrin | 1945 | Tourer - Prototype |
| Nord 1201 Norécrin | 1947 | Four-seat cabin monoplane |
| Nord 1202 Norécrin II | Tourer | |
| Nord 1203 Norécrin II | 1947 | Tourer |
| Nord 1203 Norécrin III | 1947 | Tourer |
| Nord 1203 Norécrin IV | 1947 | Tourer |
| Nord 1203 Norécrin V | 1947 | Tourer |
| Nord 1204 Norécrin | 1953 | Tourer |
| Nord 1221 Norélan | 1948 | Light Trainer |
| Nord 1222 Norélan | 1949 | Light Trainer |
| Nord 1223 Norélan | Light Trainer | |
| Nord 1226 Norélan | Engine test bed | |
| Nord 1300 | 1945 | Training Glider |
| Nord 1400 Noroit | 1948 | Flying Boat |
| Nord 1401 Noroit | 1949 | Flying Boat |
| Nord 1402 Noroit | 1949 | Flying Boat |
| Nord 1402A Gerfaut IA | 1954 | Delta-wing research aircraft |
| Nord 1402B Gerfaut IB | Delta-wing research aircraft | |
| Nord 1405 Gerfaut II | 1956 | Delta-Wing research aircraft |
| Nord 1500 Noréclair | 1947 | Carrier Torpedo Bomber |
| Nord 1500 Griffon I | 1955 | Research aircraft |
| Nord 1500 Griffon II | 1957 | Research aircraft |
| Nord 1601 | 1950 | Research aircraft |
| Nord 1700 Norélic | 1947 | Research helicopter |
| Nord 1710 | 1950 | Research helicopter |
| Nord 1750 Norelfe | 1954 | Research helicopter |
| Nord 2000 | 1948 | Glider |
| Nord 2100 Norazur | 1947 | Military transport |
| Nord 2200 | 1949 | Fighter |
| Nord 2500 Noratlas | 1949 | Military transport |
| Nord 2501 Noratlas | 1950 | Military transport |
| Nord 2502 Noratlas | 1954 | Civil transport |
| Nord 2503 Noratlas | 1956 | Engine test |
| Nord 2504 Noratlas | 1958 | French Navy flying classroom |
| Nord 2506 Noratlas | Assault transport version | |
| Nord 2507 Noratlas | Rescue version | |
| Nord 2508 Noratlas | 1957 | Cargo transport |
| Nord 2800 | 1950 | Trainer |
| Nord 3200 | 1954 | Primary trainer |
| Nord 3201 | 1954 | Primary trainer |
| Nord 3202 | 1957 | Primary trainer |
| Nord 3212 | 1957 | Instrument flight trainer |
| Nord 3400 Norbarbe | 1958 | Army observation |
| Nord 260 | 1960 | Civil airliner |
| Nord 262 | 1962 | Civil airliner |
| Nord 500 | 1968 | VTOL research |
| Nord CT10 | 1951 | Radio-controlled drone |
| Nord CT20 | 1957 | Radio-controlled drone |
| Nord CT41 | 1957 | Radio-controlled drone |
| Nord R20 | 1957 | Radio-controlled drone |
| Nord NC.853S | 1957 | Tourer |
| Nord NC.853G | 1957 | Tourer |
| Nord NC.854 | 1957 | Tourer |
| Nord NC.854SA | 1957 | Militarised NC.854 |
| Nord NC.856 | 1957 | |
| Nord NC.856A Norvegie | 1957 | Liaison / Observation aircraft |
| Nord NC.856B | 1957 | Four seater touring aircraft |
| Nord NC.856H | 1957 | Three-seater touring floatplane |
| Nord NC.856N Norclub | 1957 | Four-seater touring aircraft |
| Nord NC.858S | 1957 | Tourer |
| Nord NC.859S | 1957 | Tourer |
Missiles
editReferences
editCitations
edit- ^ a b Cann 2015, p. 134.
- ^ Jackson 1974, p. 98.
- ^ "Hamburger Flugzeugbau." Flight International, 19 October 1961. pp. 619-620.
- ^ Cann 2015, pp. 134-135.
- ^ "Griffon overview". jpcolliat.free.fr. 30 April 2003. Retrieved 16 June 2011.
- ^ "Griffon derivatives". jpcolliat.free.fr. 30 April 2003. Retrieved 16 June 2011.
- ^ "Exocet AM.39 / MM.40". Federation of American Scientists. 10 August 1999. Archived from the original on 15 January 2016. Retrieved 9 December 2018.
- ^ Scheina, Robert L. (July 2003). Latin America's Wars Volume II: The Age of the Professional Soldier, 1900-2001. Potomac Books Inc. p. 316. ISBN 978-1-57488-452-4. Archived from the original on 17 March 2017. Retrieved 8 November 2016 – via Google Books.
- ^ "DOD Letter, 23 July 1987, Subject: Formal investigation into the circumstances surrounding the attack on the USS Stark (GGG) on 17 May 1987 (U)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 13 March 2020.
- ^ Parmentier, Bruno. "SNCAN" (in French). France: Aviafrance. Retrieved 24 November 2011.
- ^ Parmentier, Bruno. "Nord" (in French). France: Aviafrance. Retrieved 24 November 2011.
Bibliography
edit- Cann, John P. Flight Plan Africa: Portuguese Airpower in Counterinsurgency, 1961-1974. Helion and Company, 2015. ISBN 1-909982-06-7
- Jackson, Paul A. German Military Aviation 1956-1976. Hinckley, Leicestershire, UK: Midland Counties Publications, 1976. ISBN 0-904597-03-2.
External links
edit
Media related to Nord Aviation at Wikimedia Commons- Nord Aviation aircraft by Aviafrance
