Nandi (Naandi), also known as Cemual, is a Kalenjin language spoken in the highlands of western Kenya, in the districts of Nandi, Uasin Gishu and Trans-Nzoia.[2]
| Nandi | |
|---|---|
| Naandi | |
| Native to | Kenya |
| Region | Rift Valley Province |
| Ethnicity | Nandi people |
Native speakers | 950,000 (2009 census)[1] |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | niq |
| Glottolog | nand1266 |
Classification
editNandi is the language spoken by the Nandi, who are part of the Kalenjin people. These languages and dialects, classified with the Datooga language and the Omotik language, form the Southern Nilotic languages sub-group of the Nilotic languages.[2]
Phonology
editThe tables below present the vowels[3] and consonants[4] of Nandi.
Vowels
edit| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i [i] ii [iː] | u [u] uu [uː] | |
| Mid | e [e] ee [eː] | o [o] oo [oː] | |
| Open | a [a] aa [aː] |
Nandi differentiates its vowels according to their place of articulation. They are either pronounced with the root of the tongue advanced, or with the root of the tongue retracted.[5]
Consonants
edit| Bilabial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m [m] | n [n] | ny [ɲ] | ng [ŋ] |
| Plosive/Affricate | p [p] | t [t] | tʃ [t͡ʃ] | k [k] |
| Fricative | s [s] | |||
| Liquid | l [l] | |||
| Rhotic | r [r] | |||
| Semivowel | w [w] | y [j] |
Tone
editNandi is a tonal language.
Oral literature
editIn 1909, A.C. Hollis and Charles Eliot published The Nandi: Their Language and Folklore, which contains a selection of folktales, proverbs, and riddles in Nandi with English translations.[6] Here are some of the proverbs:
- "Ii-e ngetuny lel." "The lion bears a hyena (said when a son is unworthy of his father)." (#2)
- "Inga-i ngom, i-ker-i-ke kumut-i?" "However clever you may be, can you see the back of your neck?" (#4)
- "Iok-toi kiplengoi pelio." "Send hares to the elephant (not elephants to the hare; i.e. it is the duty of children to wait on elders, not elders on children)." (#7)
- "Iput-i tany aku pa-kelek angwan." "The ox falls in spite of its four legs (a man often makes a mistake, notwithstanding the fact that he is an intelligent being)." (#)
Here are some of the riddles:
- "Apuk ma-pa. Kina-ap-teta." "It pours out; it does not go. A cow's udder (i.e. it produces liquid and yet cannot let the liquid flow when it wishes)." (#4)
- "A-tinye cheptan-nyo ne-piiy-onyi mutai ko-rukut lakat. Kweyot." "I have a daughter who gets a good meal every morning, but she goes to bed hungry at night. A broom (huts are swept out every morning)." (#7)
- "I-ie tururik annan i-ie che-tililin." "Do you prefer water made dirty (by the feet of oxen) or clean water? I prefer the dirty water (as I should then own cattle)." (#17)
Hollis and Eliot also include a grammar of Nandi.[7]
References
edit- ^ Nandi at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ a b Creider 1989, p. 9.
- ^ Creider 1989, p. 17.
- ^ Creider 1989, p. 13.
- ^ Creider 1989, p. 18.
- ^ Hollis, Alfred Claud; Eliot, Charles (1909). The Nandi: Their Language and Folklore.
- ^ Hollis, Alfred Claud; Eliot, Charles (1909). The Nandi: Their Language and Folklore. pp. 152-231.
- Creider, Chet A. (1989). A grammar of Nandi. Jane Tapsubei Creider. Hamburg: H. Buske. ISBN 3-87118-944-8. OCLC 22603638.
- Creider, Jane Tapsubei; Creider, Chet A. (2001). Dictionary of the Nandi Language. Available at the Internet Archive.
External links
edit- Bukuitab Saet, Portions of the Book of Common Prayer in Nandi (1962) digitized by Richard Mammana