Mount Sinai

Mount Sinai
Mount Sinai
Egyptian Arabic: جَبَل مُوسَىٰ, romanized: Gabal Mūsā; Arabic: جَبَل مُوْسَى, romanized: Jabal Mūsā; Coptic: Ⲡⲧⲟⲟⲩ Ⲥⲓⲛⲁ; Classical Syriac: ܛܘܪܐ ܕܣܝܢܝ Ṭūrāʾ Dsyny; Ancient Greek: Ὄρος Σινά; Latin: Mons Sinai; Hebrew: הַר סִינַי‬‎
	The summit of Mount Sinai
Highest point
Elevation	2,285 m (7,497 ft)
Prominence	334 m (1,096 ft)
Coordinates	28°32′21.9″N 33°58′31.5″E / 28.539417°N 33.975417°E
Naming
Native name	طُوْر سِيْنَاء (Arabic); Ṭūr Sīnāʾ (Arabic);
Geography
	Mount Sinai Sinai, Asian part of Egypt

Mount Sinai (Hebrew: הַר סִינָֽי‎ Har Sīnay; Aramaic: ܛܘܪܐ ܕܣܝܢܝ Ṭūrāʾ dəSīnăy; Coptic: Ⲡⲧⲟⲟⲩ Ⲥⲓⲛⲁ), also known as Jabal Musa (Arabic: جَبَل مُوسَىٰ, translation: Mountain of Moses), is a mountain on the Sinai Peninsula of Egypt. It is one of several locations claimed to be the biblical Mount Sinai, the place where, according to the Torah, Bible, and Quran, Moses received the Ten Commandments.

It is a 2,285-meter (7,497 ft), moderately high mountain near the city of Saint Catherine in the region known today as the Sinai Peninsula. It is surrounded on all sides by higher peaks in the mountain range of which it is a part. For example, it lies next to Mount Catherine which, at 2,629 m or 8,625 ft, is the highest peak in Egypt.^[1]

Geology

Jebel Musa in the 1869 Ordnance Survey of the Peninsula of Sinai, shown north of Mount Catherine (Jebel Katarina) and south of Willow Peak (Ras es-Safsafeh)

Mount Sinai's rocks were formed during the late stage of the evolution of the Arabian-Nubian Shield. Mount Sinai displays a ring complex^[2] that consists of alkaline granites intruded into diverse rock types, including volcanics. The granites range in composition from syenogranite to alkali feldspar granite. The volcanic rocks are alkaline to peralkaline, and they are represented by subaerial flows and eruptions and subvolcanic porphyry. Generally, the nature of the exposed rocks in Mount Sinai indicates that they were formed at different depths from one another.^{[citation needed]}

Religious significance

Judaism and Christianity

Immediately north of the mountain is the 6th-century Saint Catherine's Monastery. The summit has a mosque that is still used by Muslims, and a Greek Orthodox chapel, constructed in 1934 on the ruins of a 16th-century church, that is not open to the public. The chapel encloses the rock which is considered to be the source for the biblical Tablets of Stone.^[3] At the summit also is "Moses' cave", where Moses was said to have waited to receive the Ten Commandments.

Islam

The Jabal Musa is associated with the Islamic prophet Mūsā ibn ʿImrān (i.e., Moses). In particular, numerous references to Jabal Musa exist in the Quran,^[4]^[5] where it is called Ṭūr Saināʾ,^[6] Ṭūr Sīnīn,^[7] and aṭ-Ṭūr^[8]^[9] and al-Jabal (both meaning "the Mount").^[10] As for the adjacent Wād Ṭuwā (Valley of Tuwa), it is considered as being muqaddas^[11]^[12] (sacred),^[13]^[14] and a part of it is called Al-Buqʿah Al-Mubārakah ("The blessed Place").^[9] It is the place where Musa spoke to his Lord.^{[clarification needed]}

Saint Catherine's Monastery, looking down from Mount Sinai
The mosque at the summit
The chapel at the summit

Ascent and summit

There are two principal routes to the summit. The longer and shallower route, Siket El Bashait, takes about 2.5 hours on foot, though camels can be used. The steeper, more direct route (Siket Sayidna Musa) is up the 3,750 "steps of penitence" in the ravine behind the monastery.^[15]

Sunrise
View from the summit
The last few meters of the climb up the mountain

A panoramic view from the summit of Mount Sinai

References

^ "Sinai Geology". AllSinai.info. Archived from the original on 2011-07-18. Retrieved 2006-08-29.
^ Hanaa M. Salem and A. A. ElFouly, "Minerals Reconnaissance at Saint Catherine Area, Southern Central Sinai, Egypt and their Environmental Impacts on Human Health" Archived 2012-06-01 at the Wayback Machine. ICEHM2000, Cairo University, Egypt, September 2000, pp. 586–98
^ "Mount Sinai, Egypt". Places of Peace and Power. Archived from the original on 2011-02-24. Retrieved 2006-08-29.
^ Sharīf, J.; Herklots, G. A. (1832). Qanoon-e-Islam: Or, The Customs of the Moosulmans of India; Comprising a Full and Exact Account of Their Various Rites and Ceremonies, from the Moment of Birth Till the Hour of Death. Parbury, Allen, and Company. koh-e-toor.
^ Abbas, K. A. (1984). The World is My Village: A Novel with an Index. Ajanta Publications. Archived from the original on 2023-12-28. Retrieved 2021-06-01.
^ Quran 23:20
^ Quran 95:2
^ Quran 2:63–93
^ ^a ^b Quran 28:3–86
^ Quran 7:103–156
^ Quran 20:9–99
^ Quran 79:15–25
^ Ibn Kathir (2013-01-01). Dr Mohammad Hilmi Al-Ahmad (ed.). Stories of the Prophets: [قصص الأنبياء [انكليزي. Dar Al Kotob Al Ilmiyah (Arabic: دَار الْـكُـتُـب الْـعِـلْـمِـيَّـة). ISBN 978-2745151360. Archived from the original on 2023-12-28. Retrieved 2021-06-01.دَار الْـكُـتُـب الْـعِـلْـمِـيَّـةCategory:Articles containing Arabic-language text)&rft.date=2013-01-01&rft.isbn=978-2745151360&rft.au=Ibn Kathir&rft_id=https://books.google.com/books?id=zx9LDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Mount Sinai" class="Z3988">
^ Elhadary, Osman (2016-02-08). "11, 15". Moses in the Holy Scriptures of Judaism, Christianity and Islam: A Call for Peace. BookBaby. ISBN 978-1483563039.^{[permanent dead link‍]}
^ "Mount Sinai". AllSinai.info. Archived from the original on 2011-07-18. Retrieved 2006-08-29.

External links

Mount Sinai travel guide from Wikivoyage
Caucasian Albanian Alphabet Discovered and Deciphered, Azerbaijan International, Vol. 11:3 (Autumn 2003). Six articles.
View OF Mount Sinai (as opposed to the view FROM Mount Sinai) Archived 2020-10-10 at the Wayback Machine
Information about the town of St. Katherine and the Sinai mountains
A Report on Mount Sinai
Old maps of Mount Sinai. Eran Laor Cartographic Collection, The National Library of Israel.

[1] "Sinai Geology". AllSinai.info. Archived from the original on 2011-07-18. Retrieved 2006-08-29.

[2] Hanaa M. Salem and A. A. ElFouly, "Minerals Reconnaissance at Saint Catherine Area, Southern Central Sinai, Egypt and their Environmental Impacts on Human Health" Archived 2012-06-01 at the Wayback Machine. ICEHM2000, Cairo University, Egypt, September 2000, pp. 586–98

[sacredsites-3] "Mount Sinai, Egypt". Places of Peace and Power. Archived from the original on 2011-02-24. Retrieved 2006-08-29.

[SharifHerklots1832-4] Sharīf, J.; Herklots, G. A. (1832). Qanoon-e-Islam: Or, The Customs of the Moosulmans of India; Comprising a Full and Exact Account of Their Various Rites and Ceremonies, from the Moment of Birth Till the Hour of Death. Parbury, Allen, and Company. koh-e-toor.

[Abbas1984-5] Abbas, K. A. (1984). The World is My Village: A Novel with an Index. Ajanta Publications. Archived from the original on 2023-12-28. Retrieved 2021-06-01.

[qref|23|20|b=y-6] Quran 23:20

[qref|95|2|b=y-7] Quran 95:2

[qref|2|63-93|b=y-8] Quran 2:63–93

[qref|28|3-86|b=y-9] Quran 28:3–86

[qref|7|103-156|b=y-10] Quran 7:103–156

[qref|20|9-99|b=y-11] Quran 20:9–99

[qref|79|15-25|b=y-12] Quran 79:15–25

[IbnKathir_Al-Ahmad-13] Ibn Kathir (2013-01-01). Dr Mohammad Hilmi Al-Ahmad (ed.). Stories of the Prophets: [قصص الأنبياء [انكليزي. Dar Al Kotob Al Ilmiyah (Arabic: دَار الْـكُـتُـب الْـعِـلْـمِـيَّـة). ISBN 978-2745151360. Archived from the original on 2023-12-28. Retrieved 2021-06-01.دَار الْـكُـتُـب الْـعِـلْـمِـيَّـةCategory:Articles containing Arabic-language text)&rft.date=2013-01-01&rft.isbn=978-2745151360&rft.au=Ibn Kathir&rft_id=https://books.google.com/books?id=zx9LDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Mount Sinai" class="Z3988">

[Elhadary2016-14] Elhadary, Osman (2016-02-08). "11, 15". Moses in the Holy Scriptures of Judaism, Christianity and Islam: A Call for Peace. BookBaby. ISBN 978-1483563039.^{[permanent dead link‍]}

[15] "Mount Sinai". AllSinai.info. Archived from the original on 2011-07-18. Retrieved 2006-08-29.

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