Mount Saint Elias

Mount Saint Elias
Mount Saint Elias
Yasʼéitʼaa Shaa or Was'eitushaa
	Mount St. Elias from Icy Bay, Alaska
Highest point
Elevation	18,008 ft (5,489 m); NAVD88
Prominence	11,312 ft (3,448 m)
Parent peak	Mount Logan
Isolation	25.6 mi (41.3 km)
Listing	World most prominent peaks 53rd; North America highest peaks 4th; North America prominent peaks 11th; Canada highest major peaks 2nd; US highest major peaks 2nd;
Coordinates	60°17′32″N 140°55′53″W / 60.29222°N 140.93139°W
Geography
	Mount Saint Elias Location on Alaska/Yukon border Mount Saint Elias Mount Saint Elias (Yukon)
Location	Yakutat City and Borough, Alaska, U.S./Yukon, Canada
Parent range	Saint Elias Mountains
Topo map(s)	USGS Mt. Saint Elias; NTS 115C7 Newton Glacier
Climbing
First ascent	1897 by Duke of the Abruzzi
Easiest route	glacier/snow/ice climb

Mount Saint Elias (Was'eitushaa also designated Boundary Peak 186),^[2]^[4] the second-highest mountain in both Canada and the United States, stands on the Yukon and Alaska border about 26 miles (42 km) southwest of Mount Logan,^[5] the highest mountain in Canada. The Canadian side of Mount Saint Elias forms part of Kluane National Park and Reserve, while the U.S. side of the mountain is located within Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve.

History and features

Mount Saint Elias from Icy Bay

The name of the mountain in Tlingit, Yasʼéitʼaa Shaa or Was'eitushaa, means "mountain behind Icy Bay"; the Yakutat Tlingit occasionally call it Shaa Tlein "Big Mountain". It is one of the most important crests of the Kwaashkʼiḵwáan clan, who used it as a guide during their journey down the Copper River.^[5] Mount Fairweather at the apex of the British Columbia and Alaska borders at the head of the Alaska Panhandle is known as Tsalx̱aan; legend states that this mountain and Yasʼéitʼaa Shaa (Mt. St. Elias) originally stood next to each other, but had an argument and separated. Their children, the mountains in between the two peaks, are called Tsalx̱aan Yátxʼi ("Children of Tsalxaan").

European explorers first sighted the mountain on July 16, 1741, with the arrival of the expedition commanded by Vitus Bering, a Danish-born Russian explorer. While some historians contend that Bering named the mountain, others believe that eighteenth-century mapmakers named it after Cape Saint Elias when Bering left the peak unnamed.^[2]

Mount Saint Elias is notable for its immense vertical relief. Its summit rises 18,008 feet (5,489 m) vertically in just 10 miles (16 km) horizontal distance from the head of Taan Fjord, off of Icy Bay.

In 2007 Gerald Salmina directed an Austrian documentary film, Mount St. Elias, about a team of skier/mountaineers determined to make "the planet's longest skiing descent" by ascending the mountain and then skiing nearly all 18,000 feet down to the Gulf of Alaska; the movie finished editing and underwent limited release in 2009. The climbers ended up summiting on the second attempt and skiing down to 13,000 ft (3,960 m).^[6]

Climbing history

Mount St Elias from Malaspina Glacier, photograph by Vittorio Sella on the first expedition to climb the mountain, 1897.

Tlingit ceremonial tunic given to Maynard Miller and members of the Harvard Mountaineering Club Mt. St. Elias expedition, 1946

Mt. St. Elias was first climbed on July 31, 1897, by an Italian expedition led by famed explorer Prince Luigi Amedeo, Duke of the Abruzzi,^[7]^[8] (who also reconnoitered the current standard route on K2 in 1909^[9]) and included noted mountain photographer Vittorio Sella.^[10]

The second ascent was not until 1946, when a group from the Harvard Mountaineering Club including noted mountain historian Dee Molenaar climbed the Southwest Ridge route. The summit party comprised Molenaar, his brother Cornelius, Andrew and Betty Kauffman, Maynard Miller, William Latady, and Benjamin Ferris. William Putnam was a member of the expedition but did not make the summit. They used eleven camps, eight of which were on the approach from Icy Bay, and three of which were on the mountain. They were supported by multiple air drops of food.^[11]

The first winter ascent was made on February 13, 1996, by David Briggs, Gardner Heaton and Joe Reichert. After being flown by pilots Steve Ranney and Gary Graham, in to 2,300 feet (700 m) on the Tyndall Glacier, they climbed the southwest ridge and followed the "Milk Bowl" variation in order to avoid 2,000 feet of loose rock on the normal route. The team had originally planned to begin their ascent from the ocean and cross the Tyndall Glacier but the terrain was in very poor condition.^[12]

Mount Saint Elias is infrequently climbed today, despite its height, because it has no easy route to the summit and because of its prolonged periods of bad weather (mainly snow and low visibility).^{[citation needed]}

Routes

References

^ ^a ^b ^c "Mount Saint Elias, Alaska-Yukon". Peakbagger.com. Retrieved December 30, 2015.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Mount Saint Elias". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior. Retrieved 2007-10-31.
^ "Mount Saint Elias". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. Retrieved 2024-10-22.
^ Ramos, Judith Daxootsu; Abraham, Elaine Chewshaa; Cellarius, Barbara. "Mount St. Elias - Was'eitushaa". Wrangell St. Elias National Park and Preserve. US National Park Service. Retrieved 2023-11-13.
^ ^a ^b "Mount Saint Elias". Bivouac.com. Retrieved 2004-10-01.
^ "Mount St. Elias – Official Movie Site". Archived from the original on 2010-08-25. Retrieved 2010-03-10.
^ "Naming Alaska's Mountains". Feature Article. American Alpine Journal. American Alpine Club. 1959. Retrieved 2016-12-09.
^ "1897 Mount St. Elias". Virtual Museum Canada. Archived from the original on 2011-11-19.
^ House, William P. (1939). "K2-1938". Feature Article. American Alpine Journal. American Alpine Club. Retrieved 2016-12-09.
^ The Ascent of Mount St. Elias by H. R. H. Prince Luigi Amedeo di Savoia, Duke of the Abruzzi, narrated by Filippo de Filippi, illustrated by Vittorio Sella and translated by Signora Linda Villari with the author's supervision, New York: Frederick A. Stokes company, 1900.
^ Miller, Maynard Malcolm (1947). "Yahtsétesha". Feature Article. American Alpine Journal. American Alpine Club: 257–268. Retrieved 2016-12-09.
^ "Mount Saint Elias, First Winter Ascent". Climbs And Expeditions. American Alpine Journal. American Alpine Club. 1997. Retrieved 2016-12-09.