"Markheim" is a short story by Robert Louis Stevenson, originally prepared for the Pall Mall Gazette in 1884, but published in 1885 in The Broken Shaft: Tales of Mid-Ocean as part of Unwin's Christmas Annual.[1] The story was later published in Stevenson's collection The Merry Men and Other Tales and Fables (1887).

"Markheim"
Short story by Robert Louis Stevenson
LanguageEnglish
Genre(s)Horror
Publication
Published inThe Broken Shaft: Unwin’s Christmas Annual
(ed. H. Norman)
Publication typeCollection
PublisherLondon: T. Fisher Unwin
Media typePrint
Publication dateDecember 1885

Synopsis

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The story opens late one Christmas Day in an antique store, presumably in London during the mid 1880s. A man named Markheim has come even though the store is officially closed, and the rather shady dealer points out that whenever he comes to visit after hours, it is usually to privately sell a rare item, claiming it to be from a late uncle's collection he inherited. The dealer hints his suspicions that more likely Markheim stole these items, although it has not stopped him from purchasing them, usually for an amount less than what his client asked for. Markheim visibly flinches at the dealer's not-so-subtle insinuations, but claims that he has not come to sell anything this time, but rather to buy a Christmas present for a woman he will soon marry, implying she is well off. Though somewhat incredulous, the dealer suggests a mirror as a gift, but Markheim takes fright at his own reflection, claiming that no man wants to see what a mirror shows him. Markheim seems strangely reluctant to end the transaction, but when the dealer insists that his visitor must buy or leave, Markheim consents to review more goods. However, when the dealer turns his back to select another item, Markheim pulls out a knife and stabs him to death.

Surrounded by mirrors and ominously ticking clocks, and with only a candle to light up the dark shop, Markheim spends some minutes recovering his nerve when he hears someone moving about upstairs, though he knows the dealer's maidservant has taken the day off and no one should be there. He reassures himself that the outer door is locked, searches the dealer's body for keys and then goes to the upper rooms where the dealer lived to look for money, which he intends to use to start a business. As he searches for the right key to open the dealer's safe, he hears footsteps on the stairs, and a man opens the door and asks, "Did you call me?"

Markheim believes that the stranger is the Devil. Though he never identifies himself, the stranger is clearly supernatural; he says that he has watched Markheim his whole life. He tells Markheim that the servant is returning to the store early, so Markheim had best hurry or face the consequences. He also offers to show Markheim the right key to open the safe, although he predicts that Markheim's business will not be successful. Indeed, the stranger clearly knows that much of Markheim's life has been unsuccessful, consisting of gambling and petty theft. Instead of continuing to loot the house, Markheim tries to justify his life and conduct to the stranger, entering into a discussion of the nature of good and evil. The stranger refutes him on every point, and Markheim is at last obliged to admit that he has thrown his life away and turned to evil.

The servant returns, and as she knocks on the door, the stranger advises Markheim that he can entice her in by telling her that her master is hurt, then kill her and have the whole night to ransack the house. Markheim retorts that while he has lost the love of good, he still hates evil. The face of the stranger undergoes a "wonderful and lovely change", full of "tender triumph", as he disappears. Markheim opens the door and tells the servant to call the police, for he has killed her master.

Commentary

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Stevenson combines a moral drama with a gothic horror story. Despite the deliberate ambiguity, most critics view Markheim's visitor as some sort of "good" spirit, whose features suddenly "brightened and softened with a tender triumph" when Markheim decides to give himself up rather than choose to commit a second murder.[2] Michael S. Rose of the New Oxford Review identifies him as Markheim's guardian angel.[3]

According to Ignat Avsey, a university lecturer and distinguished translator of Russian literature,[4] the work was influenced by Fyodor Dostoevsky's novel Crime and Punishment.[5]

Adaptations

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References

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  1. ^ The Broken Shaft: Tales of Mid-Ocean (ed. H. Norman), Unwin’s Christmas Annual, London: T. Fisher Unwin, December 1885
  2. ^ Saposnik, Irving S. (1966). "Stevenson's "Markheim": A Fictional "Christmas Sermon"". Nineteenth-Century Fiction. 21 (3): 277–282. doi:10.2307/2932590. JSTOR 2932590 – via JSTOR.
  3. ^ ""Markheim." By Robert Louis Stevenson".
  4. ^ Wood, Antony. "Ignat Avsey obituary". theguardian.com. The Guardian. Retrieved 8 October 2024.
  5. ^ Dostoevsky, Fyodor (2008). The Karamazov Brothers. Translated by Avsey, Ignat. Oxford University Press. p. xxiii. ISBN 978-0-19-953637-5.
  6. ^ "Markheim – Broadway Play – Original | IBDB".
  7. ^ "Carlisle Floyd - Markheim - Opera". boosey.com. Retrieved 24 February 2015.
  8. ^ "BBC Radio 4 Extra - Robert Louis Stevenson - Markheim". BBC.
  9. ^ Majewski, Janusz (17 December 1971), Markheim, Theatre Macabre, retrieved 11 March 2023
  10. ^ "Markheim (1974)". BFI. Archived from the original on 10 March 2017.
  11. ^ "Plot Spot - CBS Radio Mystery Theater". www.otrplotspot.com. Retrieved 24 May 2019.
  12. ^ "Carlo Deri - Markheim - Recitar Cantando in un atto liberamente tratto dall'omonimo racconto di Robert Louis Stevenson".
  13. ^ Gallery, Flowers. "Markheim - Shop - Flowers Gallery". Flowers Gallery. Retrieved 12 November 2016.
  14. ^ "Ken Currie: Portrait with eye, hand and brain". www.scotsman.com. Retrieved 12 November 2016.

Sources

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  • Harman, Claire. Myself and the Other Fellow: A Life of Robert Louis Stevenson. HarperCollins (2005): New York. ISBN 0-06-620984-6
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