Madison County is a county in the U.S. state of Indiana. The 2020 census states the population is standing at 130,129.[1] The county seat since 1836 has been Anderson,[2][3] one of three incorporated cities within the county. Madison County is included in the Indianapolis-Carmel-Anderson, IN Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Madison County | |
|---|---|
 Madison County Courthouse in Anderson | |
 Location within the U.S. state of Indiana | |
 Indiana's location within the U.S. | |
| Coordinates: 40°10′N 85°43′W / 40.16°N 85.72°W | |
| Country |  United States |
| State |  Indiana |
| Founded | January 4, 1823 (authorized) |
| Named for | James Madison |
| Seat | Anderson |
| Largest city | Anderson |
| Area | |
| • Total | 452.90 sq mi (1,173.0 km2) |
| • Land | 451.92 sq mi (1,170.5 km2) |
| • Water | 0.99 sq mi (2.6 km2) 0.22% |
| Population (2020) | |
| • Total | 130,129 |
| • Estimate (2023) | 132,504  |
| • Density | 290/sq mi (110/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC−5 (Eastern) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC−4 (EDT) |
| Congressional district | 5th |
| Website | www |
| Indiana county number 48 | |
History
edit
In 1787, the fledgling United States defined the Northwest Territory, which included the area of present-day Indiana. In 1800, Congress separated Ohio from the Northwest Territory, designating the rest of the land as the Indiana Territory.[4] President Thomas Jefferson chose William Henry Harrison as the territory's first governor, and Vincennes was established as the territorial capital.[5] After the Michigan Territory was separated and the Illinois Territory was formed, Indiana was reduced to its current size and geography.[4] By December 1816 the Indiana Territory was admitted to the Union as a state.
Starting in 1794, Native American titles to Indiana lands were extinguished by usurpation, purchase, or war and treaty. The United States acquired land from the Native Americans in the 1809 treaty of Fort Wayne, and by the treaty of St. Mary's in 1818 considerably more territory became property of the government. This included the future Madison County, which was authorized by the state legislature on January 4, 1823, designating areas covered by the Delaware New Purchase. No settler was allowed in the area until the government survey was completed in 1820, and in 1820 the first settlers entered the future county.[6]
The new county was named for James Madison, co-author of The Federalist Papers and the fourth President of the United States (1809 to 1817).[7] The then-small settlement of Pendleton was named as the county, but its non-central location soon fostered a desire for a more central location as the county seat. After considerable local competition, the town of Anderson was platted in 1827 on donated land with the stipulation that the seat be moved to that location. This move began in 1828 and was completed by 1836.[3]
The new county was completely wooded in 1820, with stands of white oak, poplar, walnut, sycamore, oak, and fir trees.[8] The settlers logged much of the area and cleared the remainder through burning; at present its terrain is completely devoted to agriculture or urban development, except for stands of brush in drainages.[9]
The county's first courthouse was authorized in the county's 1828 session, but this authorization was revoked in 1829. In 1831 a second authorization was passed, and the completed building was placed in service the following year.[10]
During the Indiana gas boom, natural gas deposits were discovered in the county in 1887, at Alexandria, and Anderson. The offer of free natural gas brought several factories to the county.[11]
Geography
editThe county's terrain is nearly flat, with the exception of hilly areas along the White River and Fall Creek. The highest terrain (around 1,010 feet/310 meters ASL) is a ridgeline at the county's SE corner.[12] The county is drained by the west branch of the White River, flowing west-southwestward through the county's lower central portion. Other drainages include Fall Creek, flowing west- and southwestward through the southern part of the county; Pipe Creek, which rises in Delaware County and flows southwestward through the county's NW corner; and Lick Creek, which rises in Henry County and flows westward through the county's SW portion.[9]
According to the 2010 United States Census, the county has a total area of 452.90 square miles (1,173.0 km2), of which 451.92 square miles (1,170.5 km2) (or 99.78%) is land and 0.99 square miles (2.6 km2) (or 0.22%) is water.[13]
Adjacent counties
edit- Grant County - north
- Delaware County - east
- Henry County - southeast
- Hancock County - south
- Hamilton County - west
- Tipton County - northwest
Protected areas
editCities
edit
- Alexandria
- Anderson (county seat)
- Elwood (part)
Towns
editUnincorporated towns
edit- Alfont
- Alliance
- Bloomer
- College Corner[14]
- Dundee
- Edgewood Village[15]
- Emporia
- Fishersburg
- Florida
- Gimco City[16]
- Hamilton
- Hardscrabble
- Huntsville
- Idlewold[17]
- Leisure
- Linwood
- Moonville
- North Anderson
- Ovid (also known as New Columbus)
- Perkinsville
- Prosperity
- Rigdon
- South Elwood[18]
- Sunview
- Woodlawn Heights
Townships
editMajor highways
edit
Railroads
editClimate and weather
edit| Anderson, Indiana | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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In recent years, average temperatures in Anderson have ranged from a low of 18 °F (−8 °C) in January to a high of 84 °F (29 °C) in July, although a record low of −24 °F (−31 °C) was recorded in January 1985 and a record high of 105 °F (41 °C) was recorded in July 1954. Average monthly precipitation ranged from 2.09 inches (53 mm) in January to 4.28 inches (109 mm) in July.[19]
Government
edit
Trump—40-50%
Trump—50-60%
Trump—60-70%
Trump—70-80%
Trump—80-90%
Trump—90-100%
Biden—40-50%
Biden—50-60%
Biden—60-70%
Biden—70-80%
Biden—80-90%
The county government is a constitutional body, and is granted specific powers by the Constitution of Indiana, and by the Indiana Code.
County Council: The legislative branch of the county government; controls spending and revenue collection in the county. Representatives are elected to four-year terms from county districts. They set salaries, the annual budget, and special spending. The council has limited authority to impose local taxes, in the form of an income and property tax that is subject to state level approval, excise taxes, and service taxes.[20][21]
Board of Commissioners: The executive body of the county; commissioners are elected county-wide to staggered four-year terms. One commissioner serves as president. The commissioners execute acts legislated by the council, collect revenue, and manage the county government.[20][21]
Court: The county maintains a small claims court that handles civil cases. The judge on the court is elected to a term of four years and must be a member of the Indiana Bar Association. The judge is assisted by a constable who is also elected to a four-year term. In some cases, court decisions can be appealed to the state level circuit court.[21]
County Officials: The county has other elected offices, including sheriff, coroner, auditor, treasurer, recorder, surveyor, and circuit court clerk. These officers are elected to four-year terms. Members elected to county government positions are required to declare party affiliations and to be residents of the county.[21]
Madison County is part of Indiana's 5th congressional district; Indiana Senate districts 20, 25 and 26;[22] and Indiana House of Representatives districts 35, 36 and 37.[23]
| Year | Republican | Democratic | Third party(ies) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | |
| 2020 | 31,215 | 60.16% | 19,524 | 37.63% | 1,151 | 2.22% |
| 2016 | 32,376 | 59.54% | 18,595 | 34.20% | 3,406 | 6.26% |
| 2012 | 26,769 | 50.98% | 24,407 | 46.48% | 1,334 | 2.54% |
| 2008 | 26,403 | 45.96% | 30,152 | 52.49% | 889 | 1.55% |
| 2004 | 32,526 | 59.29% | 21,882 | 39.89% | 447 | 0.81% |
| 2000 | 27,956 | 53.54% | 23,403 | 44.82% | 857 | 1.64% |
| 1996 | 23,151 | 43.10% | 23,772 | 44.25% | 6,797 | 12.65% |
| 1992 | 23,479 | 39.76% | 22,276 | 37.72% | 13,303 | 22.53% |
| 1988 | 32,596 | 56.95% | 24,443 | 42.70% | 202 | 0.35% |
| 1984 | 36,510 | 61.87% | 22,254 | 37.71% | 250 | 0.42% |
| 1980 | 35,582 | 57.31% | 23,554 | 37.93% | 2,956 | 4.76% |
| 1976 | 32,437 | 51.63% | 29,811 | 47.45% | 572 | 0.91% |
| 1972 | 39,036 | 64.92% | 20,921 | 34.79% | 177 | 0.29% |
| 1968 | 28,726 | 48.39% | 23,886 | 40.23% | 6,756 | 11.38% |
| 1964 | 24,171 | 41.87% | 33,325 | 57.73% | 233 | 0.40% |
| 1960 | 31,098 | 52.31% | 28,154 | 47.36% | 193 | 0.32% |
| 1956 | 30,329 | 54.21% | 25,408 | 45.42% | 206 | 0.37% |
| 1952 | 28,730 | 52.84% | 25,125 | 46.21% | 519 | 0.95% |
| 1948 | 18,917 | 43.04% | 24,439 | 55.61% | 592 | 1.35% |
| 1944 | 21,381 | 46.10% | 24,488 | 52.80% | 514 | 1.11% |
| 1940 | 22,382 | 45.91% | 26,111 | 53.56% | 261 | 0.54% |
| 1936 | 16,644 | 37.41% | 27,347 | 61.46% | 504 | 1.13% |
| 1932 | 18,803 | 44.92% | 22,069 | 52.72% | 988 | 2.36% |
| 1928 | 23,083 | 64.45% | 12,496 | 34.89% | 235 | 0.66% |
| 1924 | 18,447 | 57.64% | 12,061 | 37.69% | 1,495 | 4.67% |
| 1920 | 15,704 | 49.76% | 13,325 | 42.22% | 2,533 | 8.03% |
| 1916 | 7,449 | 41.96% | 8,106 | 45.66% | 2,197 | 12.38% |
| 1912 | 1,771 | 11.24% | 6,676 | 42.37% | 7,310 | 46.39% |
| 1908 | 7,481 | 43.48% | 8,296 | 48.22% | 1,427 | 8.29% |
| 1904 | 9,697 | 53.65% | 6,681 | 36.96% | 1,696 | 9.38% |
| 1900 | 9,891 | 52.47% | 8,298 | 44.02% | 661 | 3.51% |
| 1896 | 8,388 | 51.96% | 7,590 | 47.02% | 164 | 1.02% |
| 1892 | 5,387 | 45.91% | 5,733 | 48.85% | 615 | 5.24% |
| 1888 | 3,436 | 45.26% | 3,928 | 51.74% | 228 | 3.00% |
Demographics
edit| Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1830 | 2,238 | — | |
| 1840 | 8,874 | 296.5% | |
| 1850 | 12,375 | 39.5% | |
| 1860 | 16,518 | 33.5% | |
| 1870 | 22,770 | 37.8% | |
| 1880 | 27,527 | 20.9% | |
| 1890 | 36,487 | 32.5% | |
| 1900 | 70,470 | 93.1% | |
| 1910 | 65,224 | −7.4% | |
| 1920 | 69,151 | 6.0% | |
| 1930 | 82,888 | 19.9% | |
| 1940 | 88,575 | 6.9% | |
| 1950 | 103,911 | 17.3% | |
| 1960 | 125,819 | 21.1% | |
| 1970 | 138,451 | 10.0% | |
| 1980 | 139,336 | 0.6% | |
| 1990 | 130,669 | −6.2% | |
| 2000 | 133,358 | 2.1% | |
| 2010 | 131,636 | −1.3% | |
| 2020 | 130,129 | −1.1% | |
| 2023 (est.) | 132,504 | [26] | 1.8% |
| US Decennial Census[27] 1790-1960[28] 1900-1990[29] 1990-2000[30] 2010-2019[1] | |||
2010 census
editAs of the 2010 United States Census, there were 131,636 people, 51,927 households, and 34,319 families in the county.[31] The population density was 291.3 inhabitants per square mile (112.5/km2). There were 59,068 housing units at an average density of 130.7 per square mile (50.5/km2).[13] The racial makeup of the county was 87.7% white, 8.3% black or African American, 0.4% Asian, 0.2% American Indian, 1.5% from other races, and 1.8% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 3.2% of the population.[31] In terms of ancestry, 21.5% were German, 12.5% were American, 11.5% were Irish, and 10.4% were English.[32]
Of the 51,927 households, 31.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.4% were married couples living together, 13.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 33.9% were non-families, and 28.3% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.41 and the average family size was 2.93. The median age was 39.2 years.[31]
The median income for a household in the county was $47,697 and the median income for a family was $53,906. Males had a median income of $41,834 versus $31,743 for females. The per capita income for the county was $21,722. About 11.2% of families and 14.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.6% of those under age 18 and 7.7% of those age 65 or over.[33]
Education
editSchool districts include:[34]
See also
edit
References
edit- ^ a b "American FactFinder". US Census Bureau. US Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 14, 2020. Retrieved January 29, 2022.
- ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
- ^ a b Harden (1874), p. 23
- ^ a b "Government at Crossroads: An Indiana chronology". The Herald Bulletin. January 5, 2008. Retrieved July 22, 2009.
- ^ Brill, Marlene Targ (2005). Indiana. Marshall Cavendish. p. 35. ISBN 978-0-7614-2020-0.
- ^ Harden (1874), p. 17
- ^ Gannett, Henry (1905). The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States. US Government Printing Office. p. 196.
- ^ Harden (1874), pp. 21-22
- ^ a b c Madison County IN (Google Maps, accessed 10 September 2020)
- ^ Harden (1874), pp. 27-28
- ^ Glass, James; Kohrman, David (2005). The Gas Boom of East Central Indiana (Images of America). Charleston: Arcadia. pp. 33–40. ISBN 9780738539638.
- ^ Madison County High Point, Indiana (PeakBagger.com, accessed 10 September 2020)
- ^ a b "Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 - County". US Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 12, 2020. Retrieved July 10, 2015.
- ^ College Corner, Duck Creek Township IN (Google Maps, accessed 12 September 2020)
- ^ Edgewood Village, Stony Creek Township IN (Google Maps, accessed 12 September 2020)
- ^ Gimco City, Alexandria IN (Google Maps, accessed 12 September 2020)
- ^ Idlewold, Pendleton IN (Google Maps, accessed 12 September 2020)
- ^ South Elwood, Elwood IN (Google Maps, accessed 12 September 2020)
- ^ a b "Monthly Averages for Anderson IN". The Weather Channel. Retrieved January 27, 2011.
- ^ a b Indiana Code. "Title 36, Article 2, Section 3". IN.gov. Retrieved September 16, 2008.
- ^ a b c d Indiana Code. "Title 2, Article 10, Section 2" (PDF). IN.gov. Retrieved September 16, 2008.
- ^ "Indiana Senate Districts". State of Indiana. Retrieved July 14, 2011.
- ^ "Indiana House Districts". State of Indiana. Retrieved July 14, 2011.
- ^ Leip, David. "Atlas of US Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved April 8, 2018.
- ^ The leading "other" candidate, Progressive Theodore Roosevelt, received 4,751 votes, while Socialist candidate Eugene Debs received 1,947 votes, Prohibition candidate Eugene Chafin received 455 votes, and Socialist Labor candidate Arthur Reimer received 157 votes.
- ^ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Counties: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2023". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved April 2, 2024.
- ^ "US Decennial Census". US Census Bureau. Retrieved July 10, 2014.
- ^ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved July 10, 2014.
- ^ "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". US Census Bureau. Retrieved July 10, 2014.
- ^ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). US Census Bureau. Retrieved July 10, 2014.
- ^ a b c "Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data". US Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved July 10, 2015.
- ^ "Selected Social Characteristics in the US – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". US Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 14, 2020. Retrieved July 10, 2015.
- ^ "Selected Economic Characteristics – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". US Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 14, 2020. Retrieved July 10, 2015.
- ^ "2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Madison County, IN" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved July 22, 2022. - Text list
Further reading
edit- Harden, Samuel. History of Madison County, Indiana, from 1820 to 1874: Giving a general review of principal events, statistical and historical items, derived from official sources.. Lewis Publishing Company (1874).