The office of Prime Minister of Iran was established in 1907 during the Persian Constitutional Revolution, and existed until 1989 when the office was abolished after a constitutional referendum. The prime minister was the head of government of Iran.
- Top left: Ali Asghar Khan, the first prime minister of Iran.
- Top right: Mohammad Ali Foroughi, the prime minister who was in this position during the transfer of the monarchy to two kings.
- Bottom left: Amir-Abbas Hoveyda, the longest-serving prime minister of Iran.
- Bottom right: Mir-Hossein Mousavi, the last prime minister of Iran.
Ali Asghar Khan was the first and Mir-Hossein Mousavi was the last prime minister of Iran. Before the Constitutional Revolution, the head of government was called Grand Vizier (Sadr-e A'zam or Vazir-e A'zam).
List of officeholders
edit- Political party key
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) |
Term of office | Political party | Head of state (Reign / Term) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Took office | Left office | Time in office | |||||
.svg){kind=small} • Sublime State of Persia (1907–1925) • .svg){kind=small}
| |||||||
| — | 
|
Soltan-Ali Vazir-e Afkham سلطان‌علی وزیر افخم (1862–1914) Acting Prime Minister |
21 March 1907 | 29 April 1907 | 39 days | Independent | Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar (1907–1909) |
| 1 | 
|
Ali-Asghar Khan Atabak علی اصغر خان اتابک (1858–1907) |
4 May 1907 | 31 August 1907 (assassinated) |
119 days | Independent | |
| 2 | 
|
Ahmad Moshir al-Saltaneh احمد مشیرالسلطنه (1844–1918) |
16 September 1907 | 27 October 1907 | 41 days | Independent | |
| 3 | 
|
Abolqasem Naser ol-Molk ابوالقاسم ناصرالملک (1856–1927) |
27 October 1907 | 21 December 1907 | 55 days | Independent | |
| 4 | 
|
Hossein-Qoli Nezam al-Saltaneh Mafi حسینقلی نظام السلطنه مافی (1832–1908) |
21 December 1907 | 21 May 1908 | 152 days | Independent | |
| (2) |
|
Ahmad Moshir al-Saltaneh احمد مشیرالسلطنه (1844–1918) |
7 June 1908 | 29 April 1909 | 326 days | Independent | |
| — | 
|
Javad Sa'd al-Dowleh جواد سعدالدوله (1856–1930) Acting Prime Minister |
8 May 1909 | 13 July 1909 (deposed) |
66 days | Independent | |
| Interim Cabinet without Prime Minister کابینه موقت بدون نخست وزیر (Appointed by Supreme Council of Politicians and Clergymen) |
17 July 1909 | 30 September 1909 | 75 days | – | Ahmad Shah Qajar (1909–1925) | ||
| 5 | 
|
Mohammad Vali Khan Khalatbari Tonekaboni محمدولی‌خان خلعتبری تنکابنی (1848–1926) |
30 September 1909 | 25 July 1910 | 298 days | Moderate Socialists | |
| 6 | 
|
Mostowfi ol-Mamalek مستوفی‌الممالک (1875–1932) |
25 July 1910 | 12 March 1911 | 230 days | Democrats | |
| (5) |
|
Mohammad Vali Khan Khalatbari Tonekaboni محمدولی‌خان خلعتبری تنکابنی (1848–1926) |
12 March 1911 | 26 July 1911 | 136 days | Moderate Socialists | |
| 7 | 
|
Najaf-Qoli Khan Bakhtiari نجف‌قلی‌خان بختیاری (1846–1930) |
26 July 1911 | 1913 | c. 2 years | Moderate Socialists | |
| 8 | 
|
Mohammad-Ali Ala ol-Saltaneh محمدعلی علاءالسلطنه (1829–1918) |
18 January 1913 | 16 August 1913 | 210 days | Independent | |
| (6) |
|
Mostowfi ol-Mamalek مستوفی‌الممالک (1875–1932) |
17 August 1913 | 14 March 1915 | 1 year, 209 days | Democrats | |
| 9 | 
|
Hassan Pirnia حسن پیرنیا (1871–1935) |
14 March 1915 | 1 May 1915 | 48 days | Moderate Socialists | |
| 10 | 
|
Abdol Majid Mirza عبدالمجید میرزا (1845–1927) |
1 May 1915 | 18 August 1915 | 109 days | Independent | |
| (6) |
|
Mostowfi ol-Mamalek مستوفی‌الممالک (1875–1932) |
18 August 1915 | 24 December 1915 | 128 days | Democrats | |
| 11 | 
|
Abdol-Hossein Mirza Farman Farma عبدالحسين ميرزا فرمانفرما (1857–1939) |
24 December 1915 | 29 February 1916 | 67 days | Moderate Socialists | |
| (5) | 
|
Mohammad Vali Khan Khalatbari Tonekaboni محمدولی‌خان خلعتبری تنکابنی (1848–1926) |
5 March 1916 | 29 August 1916 | 177 days | Moderate Socialists | |
| 12 | 
|
Vosugh od-Dowleh حسن وثوق‌الدوله (1873–1950) |
29 August 1916 | 5 June 1917 | 280 days | Democrats | |
| (8) |
|
Mohammad-Ali Ala ol-Saltaneh محمدعلی علاءالسلطنه (1829–1918) |
5 June 1917 | 21 November 1917 | 169 days | Independent | |
| (10) | 
|
Abdol Majid Mirza عبدالمجید میرزا (1845–1927) |
21 November 1917 | 16 January 1918 | 56 days | Independent | |
| (6) | 
|
Mostowfi ol-Mamalek مستوفی‌الممالک (1875–1932) |
16 January 1918 | 1 May 1918 | 105 days | Democrats | |
| (7) |
|
Najaf-Qoli Khan Bakhtiari نجف‌قلی‌خان بختیاری (1846–1930) |
1 May 1918 | 8 August 1918 | 99 days | Moderate Socialists | |
| (12) | 
|
Vosugh od-Dowleh حسن وثوق‌الدوله (1873–1950) |
8 August 1918 | 3 July 1920 | 1 year, 330 days | Democrats (until 1919) | |
| Independent | |||||||
| (9) |
|
Hassan Pirnia حسن پیرنیا (1871–1935) |
3 July 1920 | 27 October 1920 | 116 days | Independent | |
| 13 | 
|
Fathollah Khan Akbar فتح الله خان اکبر (1878–1967) |
27 October 1920 | 22 February 1921 (deposed) |
118 days | Independent | |
| 14 | 
|
Zia ol Din Tabatabaee ضیاء الدین طباطبایی (1889–1969) |
24 February 1921 | 4 June 1921 | 100 days | Independent | |
| 15 | 
|
Qavām os-Saltaneh قوام السلطنه (1873–1955) |
4 June 1921 | 21 January 1922 | 231 days | Reformers' Party | |
| (9) |
|
Hassan Pirnia حسن پیرنیا (1871–1935) |
21 January 1922 | 22 June 1922 | 152 days | Independent | |
| (15) |
|
Qavām os-Saltaneh قوام السلطنه (1873–1955) |
22 June 1922 | 15 February 1923 | 238 days | Reformers' Party | |
| (6) |
|
Mostowfi ol-Mamalek مستوفی‌الممالک (1875–1932) |
15 February 1923 | 15 June 1923 | 120 days | Revival Party | |
| (9) | 
|
Hassan Pirnia حسن پیرنیا (1871–1935) |
15 June 1923 | 26 October 1923 | 133 days | Independent | |
| 16 | 
|
Reza Khan Sardar Sepah رضاخان سردار سپه (1878–1944) |
26 October 1923 | 12 December 1925 (became Shah) |
2 years, 47 days | Military | |
 • Imperial State of Iran (1925–1979) • 
| |||||||
| — | 
|
Mohammad Ali Foroughi محمدعلی فروغی (1875–1942) Acting Prime Minister |
12 December 1925 | 13 June 1926 | 183 days | Revival Party | Reza Shah Pahlavi (1925–1941) |
| (6) |
|
Mostowfi ol-Mamalek مستوفی‌الممالک (1875–1932) |
13 June 1926 | 2 June 1927 | 354 days | Revival Party | |
| 17 | 
|
Mehdi Hedayat مهدی قلی هدایت (1864–1955) |
2 June 1927 | 18 September 1933 | 6 years, 108 days | Revival Party (until 1930) | |
| Independent | |||||||
| 18 |
|
Mohammad Ali Foroughi محمدعلی فروغی (1875–1942) |
18 September 1933 | 3 December 1935 | 2 years, 76 days | Independent | |
| 19 | 
|
Mahmoud Djam محمود جم (1880–1969) |
3 December 1935 | 26 October 1939 | 3 years, 327 days | Independent | |
| 20 | 
|
Ahmad Matin-Daftari احمد متین دفتری (1897–1971) |
26 October 1939 | 26 June 1940 | 244 days | Independent | |
| 21 | 
|
Ali Mansur علی خان منصور (1886–1974) |
26 June 1940 | 27 August 1941 (resigned) |
1 year, 62 days | Independent | |
| (18) | 
|
Mohammad Ali Foroughi محمدعلی فروغی (1875–1942) |
27 August 1941 | 9 March 1942 | 194 days | Independent | Mohammad Reza Pahlavi (1941–1979) |
| 22 | 
|
Ali Soheili علی سهیلی (1896–1958) |
9 March 1942 | 9 August 1942 | 153 days | Independent | |
| (15) | 
|
Ahmad Qavam احمد قوام (1873–1955) |
9 August 1942 | 15 February 1943 | 190 days | Independent | |
| (22) |
|
Ali Soheili علی سهیلی (1896–1958) |
15 February 1943 | 6 April 1944 | 1 year, 51 days | Independent | |
| 23 | 
|
Mohammad Sa'ed محمد ساعد مراغه‌ای (1881–1973) |
6 April 1944 | 25 November 1944 | 233 days | Independent | |
| 24 | 
|
Morteza-Qoli Bayat مرتضی‌قلی بیات (1890–1958) |
25 November 1944 | 13 May 1945 | 169 days | Independent | |
| 25 | 
|
Ebrahim Hakimi ابراهیم حکیمی (1871–1959) |
13 May 1945 | 6 June 1945 | 24 days | Independent | |
| 26 | 
|
Mohsen Sadr محسن صدر (1871–1962) |
6 June 1945 | 30 October 1945 | 146 days | Independent | |
| (25) |
|
Ebrahim Hakimi ابراهیم حکیمی (1871–1959) |
30 October 1945 | 28 January 1946 | 90 days | Independent | |
| (15) |
|
Ahmad Qavam احمد قوام (1873–1955) |
28 January 1946 | 18 December 1947 | 1 year, 324 days | Independent | |
| Democrat Party of Iran (from 29 June 1946) | |||||||
| (25) |
|
Ebrahim Hakimi ابراهیم حکیمی (1871–1959) |
29 December 1947 | 13 June 1948 | 167 days | Independent | |
| 27 | 
|
Abdolhossein Hazhir عبدالحسین هژیر (1902–1949) |
13 June 1948 | 9 November 1948 | 149 days | Independent | |
| (23) |
|
Mohammad Sa'ed محمد ساعد مراغه‌ای (1881–1973) |
9 November 1948 | 23 March 1950 | 1 year, 134 days | Independent | |
| (21) |
|
Ali Mansur علی خان منصور (1886–1974) |
23 March 1950 | 26 June 1950 | 95 days | Independent | |
| 28 | 
|
Ali Razmara حاجیعلی رزم‌آرا (1901–1951) |
26 June 1950 | 7 March 1951 (assassinated) |
254 days | Military | |
| — | 
|
Khalil Fahimi خلیل فهیمی (1876–1953) Acting Prime Minister |
7 March 1951 | 12 March 1951 | 5 days | Independent | |
| 29 | 
|
Hossein Ala' حسین علاء (1882–1964) |
12 March 1951 | 27 April 1951 | 46 days | Independent | |
| 30 | 
|
Mohammad Mosaddegh محمد مصدق (1882–1967) |
28 April 1951 | 17 July 1952 | 1 year, 80 days | National Front | |
| (15) | 
|
Ahmad Qavam احمد قوام (1873–1955) |
17 July 1952 | 22 July 1952 | 5 days | Independent | |
| (30) |
|
Mohammad Mosaddegh محمد مصدق (1882–1967) |
22 July 1952 | 19 August 1953 (deposed) |
1 year, 28 days | National Front | |
| 31 | 
|
Fazlollah Zahedi فضل‌الله زاهدی (1897–1963) |
19 August 1953 | 7 April 1955 | 1 year, 231 days | Military | |
| (29) |
|
Hossein Ala' حسین علاء (1882–1964) |
7 April 1955 | 3 April 1957 | 1 year, 361 days | Independent | |
| 32 | 
|
Manouchehr Eghbal منوچهر اقبال (1909–1977) |
3 April 1957 | 31 August 1960 | 3 years, 150 days | Nationalists' Party | |
| 33 | 
|
Jafar Sharif-Emami جعفر شریف‌امامی (1910–1998) |
31 August 1960 | 5 May 1961 | 247 days | Nationalists' Party | |
| 34 | 
|
Ali Amini علی امینی (1905–1992) |
5 May 1961 | 19 July 1962 | 1 year, 75 days | Independent | |
| 35 | 
|
Asadollah Alam اسدالله علم (1919–1978) |
19 July 1962 | 7 March 1964 | 1 year, 232 days | People's Party | |
| 36 | 
|
Hassan Ali Mansur حسنعلی منصور (1923–1965) |
7 March 1964 | 26 January 1965 (assassinated) |
325 days | New Iran Party | |
| 37 | 
|
Amir-Abbas Hoveyda امیرعباس هویدا (1919–1979) |
26 January 1965 | 7 August 1977[1] | 12 years, 193 days | New Iran Party (until 1975)[2] | |
| Rastakhiz Party | |||||||
| 38 | 
|
Jamshid Amouzegar جمشید آموزگار (1923–2016) |
7 August 1977[3] | 27 August 1978 | 1 year, 20 days | Rastakhiz Party | |
| (33) | 
|
Jafar Sharif-Emami جعفر شریف‌امامی (1910–1998) |
27 August 1978 | 6 November 1978 | 71 days | Rastakhiz Party (until 1 November) | |
| Independent | |||||||
| 39 | 
|
Gholam Reza Azhari غلامرضا ازهاری (1912–2001) |
6 November 1978[4] | 4 January 1979 | 59 days | Military | |
| 40 | 
|
Shapour Bakhtiar شاپور بختیار (1914–1991) |
4 January 1979[5] | 11 February 1979 (deposed) |
38 days | National Front (expelled) | |
.svg){kind=small} • Interim Government of Iran (1979) • .svg){kind=small}
| |||||||
| 41 | .jpg)
|
Mehdi Bazargan مهدی بازرگان (1907–1995) |
4 February 1979 | 6 November 1979 (cabinet resigned)[6] |
275 days | Freedom Movement | Ruhollah Khomeini (de facto)  (1979–1989) |
 • Islamic Republic of Iran (1979–present) • 
| |||||||
| Council of the Islamic Revolution شورای انقلاب اسلامی (Leader: Abolhassan Banisadr) |
6 November 1979 | 12 August 1980 | 280 days | – | Ruhollah Khomeini (1979–1989) | ||
| 42 | 
|
Mohammad-Ali Rajai محمدعلی رجائی (1933–1981) |
12 August 1980 | 4 August 1981 | 357 days | Islamic Republican Party | |
| 43 | 
|
Mohammad-Javad Bahonar محمدجواد باهنر (1933–1981) |
4 August 1981 | 30 August 1981 (assassinated) |
26 days | Islamic Republican Party | |
| 44 | 
|
Mohammad-Reza Mahdavi Kani محمدرضا مهدوی کنی (1931–2014) |
2 September 1981 | 31 October 1981 | 59 days | Combatant Clergy Association | |
| 45 | 
|
Mir-Hossein Mousavi میرحسین موسوی خامنه (born 1942) |
31 October 1981 | 14 August 1989 | 7 years, 287 days | Islamic Republican Party (until 1987) | |
| Independent | |||||||
| Post abolished (14 August 1989 – present) | |||||||
Timeline
edit
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "IRANIAN PRIME MINISTER ANNOUNCES RESIGNATION". The New York Times. 7 August 1977. Retrieved 13 March 2022.
- ^ "Shah Decrees Iran a One‐Party Nation". The New York Times. 3 March 1975. Retrieved 13 March 2022.
- ^ "Jamshid Amouzegar Is Named to Head Iran's Government". The New York Times. 8 August 1977. Retrieved 13 March 2022.
- ^ Nicholas Gage (7 November 1978). "SHAH PUTS MILITARY IN CONTROL IN IRAN; U.S. ENDORSES MOVE". The New York Times. Retrieved 13 March 2022.
- ^ Nicholas Gage (7 January 1979). "BAKHTIAR INSTALLED AND SHAH DECLARES HE'LL 'TAKE A REST'". The New York Times. Retrieved 13 March 2022.
- ^ Godsel, Geoffrey (9 November 1979). "Bazargan resignation increases Iran risks to American hostages". The Deseret News. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
Sources
edit- Dowlathā-ye Īrān : az Mīrzā Naṣr Allāh Khān Moshīr al-Dowleh tā Mīr Ḥuseyn Mūsavī : aʻz̤ā-ye kābīnehā, sharḥ-e ḥāl, ʻaks, nemūne-ye emz̤āʼ va dastkhaṭṭ-e nakhostvazīrān, vazīrān va moʻāvenīn-e nakhostvazīr : bar asās-e daftar-e s̲abt-e kābīnehā-ye nakhostvazīrī [The governments of Iran : From Mīrzā Naṣr Allāh Khān Moshīr al-Dowleh to Mīr Ḥuseyn Mūsavī : Members of cabinets, biographies, photos, signature samples and handwriting exemplars of prime ministers, ministers and deputy prime ministers : On the basis of the prime minister's office records] (in Persian). Tehrān: Sāzmān-e Chāp va Enteshārāt, Vezārat-e Farhang va Ershād-e Eslāmī. 1999. ISBN 978-964-422-147-7.
- Sepehr, Ahmad-Ali (1983–84). Iran dar jang-e bozorg (1914–1918) [Iran in the Great War (1914–1918)] (in Persian). Tehrān: Adib.
- Ettehadieh, Mansoureh (2011). "CONSTITUTIONAL REVOLUTION v. Political parties of the constitutional period". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. VI, Fasc. 2. pp. 199–202.
- Calmard, J. (2011). "ATĀBAK-E AʿẒAM, AMĪN-AL-SOLṬĀN". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. II, Fasc. 8. pp. 878–890.
- Mir, Cyrus (1999). "FARMĀNFARMĀ, ʿABD-AL-ḤOSAYN MĪRZĀ". Encyclopaedia Iranica. However, the birth year indicated there (1858) does not agree with his WorldCat entry and with his VIAF entry, both of which give 1857.