In special economic zones[1][2] business and trades laws differ from the rest of the country. The term, and a number of other terms, can have different specific meanings in different countries and publications. Often they have relaxed jurisdiction of customs or related national regulations. They can be ports or other large areas or smaller allocated areas.
Terms include free port (porto Franco), free zone (zona franca), bonded area (US: foreign-trade zone), free economic zone, free-trade zone, export processing zone and maquiladora.
Most commonly a free port is a special customs area or small customs territory with generally less strict customs regulations (or no customs duties or controls for transshipment). Earlier in history, some free ports like enjoyed political autonomy. Many international airports have free ports, though they tend to be called customs areas, customs zones, or international zones.
Africa
edit- Atlantic Free Zone Kenitra
- Tangier Exportation Free Zone
Although the enabling act came into effect in 1992, the pioneer Free Zone (the Calabar Free Trade Zone) was not fully completed until 1999, and commenced operation after official commissioning in November 2001. Since then, the Free Zones Scheme has been used as a vehicle for industrial and commercial development of the country. Private Sector participation and partnership with the Federal Government and other tiers of government has helped spread the scheme. This has culminated in the establishment of specialised Free Zones and other types of Zones, namely:
| Serial Number | Name | Location | Status | Ownership |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Snake Island Integrated Free Zone | Lagos | Operational | Private |
| 2 | Kano Free Trade Zone (KFTZ) | Kano State | Operational | Fed. Govt. |
| 3 | Onne oil & Gas Free Zone | River State | Operational | Under Parallel Authority |
| 4 | Tinapa Free Zone & Tourism Resort | CRS | Operational | Private/Public |
| 5 | Calabar Free Trade Zone (CFTZ) | CRS | Operational | Fed. Govt. |
| 6 | Maigatari Border Free Zone | Jigawa State | Operational | State |
| 7 | LADOL Free Zone | Lagos | Operational | Private |
| 8 | Airline Services Export Proc. Zone | Lagos State | Operational | Private |
| 9 | ALSCON Export Processing Zone | Akwa Ibon | Operational | Private |
| 10 | Ogun Guangdong Free Trade Zone | Ogun State | Operational | Public/ Private |
| 11 | Sebore Farms Export Processing Zones | Adamawa State | Operational | Private |
| 12 | Ibom Science & Tech. Park Free Zone | Akwa Ibom | Under Cons. | Public/Private |
| 13 | Living Spring Free Zone | Osun State | Under Cons. | State |
| 14 | Lekki Free Zone | Lagos State | Under Cons. | State/ Private |
| 15 | Brass LNG Free Zone | Bayelsa | Under Cons. | Public/Private |
| 16 | Abuja Technological Village Free Zone | Abuja | Under Cons. | Public/Private |
| 17 | Specialized Railway Industrial FTZ - Kajola | Ogun State | Under Cons. | Public/Private |
| 18 | Imo Guangdong FTZ | Imo State | Under Cons. | Public/Private |
| 19 | OK Free Trade Zone | Ondo & Ogun | Under Cons. | States/ Private |
| 20 | Lagos Free Zone | Lagos State | Under Cons. | Private |
| 21 | Kwara Free Zone | Kwara State | Declaration | State Govt. |
| 22 | Oluyole Free Trade Zone | Oyo State | Declaration | State Govt. |
| 23 | Koko Free Trade Zone | Delta State | Declaration | State Govt. |
| 24 | OILSS Logistics Free Zone | Lagos | Declaration | Private |
| 25 | Banki Border Free Zone | Borno State | Declaration | State |
| 26 | NAHCO Free Trade Zone | Lagos State | Operational | Private |
The introduction of free zones has played a large role in increasing the amount of investment into Nigeria. When all the free zones are fully operational, Nigeria is projected to play a large role in expanding export-driven manufacturing activities in Africa.[3]
Asia
editChina
edit- Central Ferry Piers, Victoria City
- Container Terminal 9, Tsing Yi
- Kai Tak Cruise Terminal, Kowloon
- Kwai Tsing Container Terminals, Stonecutters Island
- River Trade Terminal, Tuen Mun
- Tsim Sha Tsui Ocean Terminal, Kowloon
- Tsim Sha Tsui Ferry Pier, Kowloon
- Tuen Mun Ferry Pier, Tuen Mun
Indonesia
editIran
edit- Inner Harbour Ferry Terminal, Cotai West
- Outer Harbour Ferry Terminal, Sé, Macau Peninsula
- Taipa Ferry Terminal, Taipa East
- Kai Ho Port, Coloane
- Bayan Lepas Free Industrial Zone, George Town, Penang
- Langkawi
- Waterfront ferry terminal and shopping complex Johor Bahru
- Pangkor Perak, Alcohol, tobacco and vehicles are not Duty free.
- Labuan
- Tioman Island
Mongolia
edit- Altanbulag Free Trade Zone[4]
- Tsagaan Nuur Free Economic Zone[5][page needed]
- Zamyn-Uud Free Economic Zone[4]
- Gwadar Port
South Korea
edit- Busan-Jinhae Free Economic Zone[6]
- Gwangyang Bay Area Free Economic Zone[6]
- Incheon Free Economic Zone[6]
- Ulsan Free Economic Zone[6]
- Gwangju Free Economic Zone[6]
- Daegu-Gyeongbuk Free Economic Zone[6]
- Chungbuk Free Economic Zone[6]
- East Coast Free Economic Zone[6]
Taiwan
edit- Port of Kaohsiung Free Trade Zone
- Port of Keelung Free Trade Zone
- Port of Taichung Free Trade Zone
- Port of Taipei Free Trade Zone
- Taoyuan Air Cargo Park Free Trade Zone
- Port of Bangkok
- Port of Chiang Kong
- Port of Chieng Saen
- Port of Laem Chabang
- Port of Ranong
Turkey
edit| SN | Name | Province | Foundation date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Mersin Free Zone | Mersin | 1987 |
| 2 | Antalya Free Zone | Antalya | 1987 |
| 3 | Aegean Free Zone | İzmir | 1990 |
| 4 | Istanbul Atatürk Airport Free Zone | Istanbul | 1990 |
| 5 | Trabzon Free Zone | Trabzon | 1992 |
| 6 | Istanbul Leather Industry Free Zone | Istanbul | 1995 |
| 7 | East Anatolia Free Zone | Erzurum | 1995 |
| 8 | Mardin Free Zone | Mardin | 1995 |
| 9 | Istanbul Stock Exchange Free Zone (İMKB) | Istanbul | 1997 |
| 10 | İzmir Menemen Leather Free Zone | İzmir (Menemen) | 1998 |
| 11 | Rize Free Zone | Rize | 1998 |
| 12 | Samsun Free Zone | Samsun | 1998 |
| 13 | Istanbul Tracia Free Zone | Istanbul | 1998 |
| 14 | Kayseri Free Zone | Kayseri | 1998 |
| 15 | Adana Yumurtalık Free Zone | Adana (Yumurtalık) | 1998 |
| 16 | European Free Zone | Tekirdağ (Çorlu) | 1999 |
| 17 | Gaziantep Free Zone | Gaziantep | 1999 |
| 18 | Bursa Free Zone | Bursa | 2001 |
| 19 | Kocaeli Free Zone | Kocaeli | 2001 |
| 20 | Denizli Free Zone | Denizli | 2002 |
| 21 | Tubitak Free Zone | Kocaeli (Gebze) | 2002 |
United Arab Emirates
edit- Abu Dhabi Airport Free Zone (ADAFZ)
- Ahmed Bin Rashid Free Zone (ABRFZ)
- Ajman Free Zone (AFZ)
- Ajman Media City Free Zone (AMCFZ)
- Creative City
- Dubai Airport Freezone (DAFZ)
- Dubai Biotechnology & Research Park (DuBiotech)
- Dubai Car and Automotive City Free Zone (DUCAMZ)
- Dubai Gold and Diamond Park
- Dubai Healthcare City
- Dubai Industrial City (DIC)
- Dubai International Academic City
- Dubai International Financial Centre (DIFC)
- Dubai Internet City
- Dubai Knowledge Village
- Dubai Logistics City
- Dubai Media City
- Dubai Multi Commodities Centre Free Zone
- Dubai Outsource Zone
- Dubai Silicon Oasis (DSO)
- Dubai Technology and Media Free Zone (TECOM)
- Dubai TechnoPark
- DuBiotech
- Economic Zones World (EZW)
- Fujairah Free Zone (FFZ)
- Hamriyah Free Zone
- Higher Corporation for Specialized Economic Zones (HCSEZ) - ZonesCorp
- Industrial City of Abu Dhabi
- International Media Production Zone
- Jebel Ali Free Zone (JAFZA)
- JLT Free Zone Dubai
- Khalifa Port and Khalifa Industrial Zone Abu Dhabi (Kizad)
- RAK Investment Authority Free Zone (RAKIA FZ)
- Ras Al Khaimah Free Trade Zone
- Ras Al Khaimah IT Park
- Ras Al Khaimah Media Free Zone
- Sharjah Airport International Free Zone (SAIF)
- Sharjah Publishing City (SPC)
- Sharjah Media City (SHAMS)
- Umm Al Quwain Free Trade Zone
- Meydan Free Zone
- DUQE
Uzbekistan
editEurope
editEuropean Union
editEuropean Union free zones:[7]
|
|
Albania
editArmenia
editBelarus
editGeorgia
editBosnia and Herzegovina
edit- Free Zone Trebinje[12]
- Free zone Hercegovina
- Free zone Vogosca
- Free zone Visoko
Moldova
edit- Giurgiulești Freeport[13]
- Expo-Business Chisinau, Chisinau)
- Ungheni-Business
- Tvardita
- Otaci-Business
- Valkanes
- Taraclia
- Free International Airport of Marculesti
Monaco
edit- Monaco Freeport
Montenegro
edit- Port of Bar Free Zone[14]
North Macedonia
editТechnological–Industrial Development Zones (TIDZs)[15]
- 12 Free Zones
Russia
edit- Nakhodka
- Vladivostok, 1861–1909,[16] 2015 (Free port of Vladivostok)[17]
Serbia
editSerbia has 14 free economic zones as of September 2017;[18] these are:[18]
- Free Zone Apatin
- Free Zone FAS-Kragujevac
- Free Zone Kruševac
- Free Zone Niš-South
- Free Zone Novi Sad
- Free Zone Pirot
- Free Zone Priboj
- Free Zone Šabac
- Free Zone Smederevo
- Free Zone Subotica
- Free Zone Svilajnac
- Free Zone Užice
- Free Zone Vranje
- Free Zone Zrenjanin
Switzerland
edit- Geneva Freeport, La Praille, Geneva[19][20]
- Geneva Cointrin International Airport free port, Geneva[20]
- Magazzini Generali con Punto Franco SA, Chiasso and Stabio, free port and bonded warehouse, Chiasso[21]
- PESA - Port-Franc et Entrepôts de Lausanne-Chavornay SA, free port and bonded warehouse, Chavornay (Vaud)[22]
- SEV - Société des Entrepôts Vevey SA, free port and bonded warehouse, Vevey[23]
Ukraine
edit- Free port and free economic zone Odesa
- 1819-1858
- Trade sea port of Odesa, January 1, 2000 for 25 years[citation needed]
United Kingdom
edit
|
GibraltareditIsle of Manedit
|
The Americas
editArgentina
editLaw 19640: Special Customs Area for the Island of Tierra del Fuego [24]
Law 24331: Free Zones (of Argentina) [25]
- Zona Franca Rio Gallegos, Santa Cruz
- Zona Franca La Plata, Buenos Aires
- Zona Franca General Pico, La Pampa[26] Decreto 285/99
The Bahamas
editBermuda
edit- Free port of Hamilton Harbour, Hamilton, Bermuda
Brazil
edit- Zona Franca de Manaus
Canada
editForeign trade zones:[27]
- Calgary Region Inland Port
- Cape Breton Regional Municipality
- CentrePort Canada
- Global Transportation Hub Authority
- Halifax Gateway
- Port Alberta
- Quebec City
- Niagara
- Windsor–Essex
- Calgary Region Inland Port - FTZ Point[28]
Chile
editColombia
edit- San Andrés
- Zona Franca
- Zona Franca de Bogota
- Zona Franca del Pacifico
- Zona Franca Palermo
Dominican Republic
edit- Mega Port of Punta Caucedo
Jamaica
editPanama
editCosta Rica
edit- Zona Franca Saret
- Zona Franca Coyol
- CF Free Zone Park S.R.L
- Zona Franca Metropolitana
- Zona Franca del Este
- Concentrix Free Trade Zone, S.A
Uruguay
edit- Carrasco International Airport (Free Airport)
- Zona Franca Colonia
- Zona Franca de Montevideo
- Puerto de Montevideo (Free Port)
- Zona Franca Rivera
United States
editVenezuela
edit- Free port of Isla Margarita (Puerto Libre de Margarita)
- Free zone of the Paraguaná Peninsula (Zona Franca de la Península de Paraguaná)
- Free zone of Santa Elena de Uairén (Zona Franca de Santa Elena de Uairén)
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ УПРАВЛЕНИЕ ОСОБЫМИ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИМИ ЗОНАМИ СУБЪЕКТА РФ Масаев С.Н. В сборнике: XIII Всероссийское совещание по проблемам управления ВСПУ-2019 Труды. Под общей редакцией Д.А. Новикова. 2019. С. 1773-1778.
- ^ Masaev S. Destruction of the Resident Enterprise in the Special Economic Zone with Sanctions. Publisher: IEEE. 2019
- ^ "Nigeria Export Processing Zones Authority - Home". Retrieved 12 May 2016.
- ^ a b "Law on Economic Zones - Invest Mongolia". Retrieved 23 April 2017.
- ^ "MONGOLIA: Trade Facilitation and Logistics Development Strategy Report - Final Report" (PDF). Asian Development Bank. December 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 August 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Free Economic Zone". Invest Korea Week 2021. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
- ^ "Free zones which are in operation in the customs territory of the Union, as communicated by the Member States to the Commission" (PDF). European Commission. 17 August 2022.
- ^ "Gazzetta Ufficiale". www.gazzettaufficiale.it.
- ^ Studios, ICON. "Malta Freeport". Retrieved 23 April 2017.
- ^ "Tax Benefits". www.ibc-madeira.com. Retrieved 18 February 2019.
- ^ "Operating Free Economic Zones". Retrieved 21 January 2024.
- ^ "Foreign Investment Promotion Agency of Bosnia and Herzegovina". Retrieved 11 December 2023.
- ^ "Free Economic Zones in Moldova". Retrieved 11 December 2023.
- ^ "Index Cards by Country: Montenegro Free zones" (PDF). World Free Zones Organization. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
- ^ "Free Economic Zones". Retrieved 11 December 2023.
- ^ Руднев Д. Д., Кулик Н. А. (1915). Материалы к изучению Северного морского пути из Европы в Обь и Енисей. Петроград: Тип. А. Э. Коллинс. pp. 3–4, 57–59.
- ^ "Федеральный закон Российской Федерации от 13 июля 2015 г. N 212-ФЗ "О свободном порте Владивосток"" [Federal Law of July 13, 2015 N 212-FZ “On the Free Port of Vladivostok”] (in Russian). Rossiyskaya Gazeta. 15 July 2015. Retrieved 28 July 2015.
- ^ a b Mikavica, A. (3 September 2017). "Slobodne zone mamac za investitore". politika.rs (in Serbian). Retrieved 17 March 2019.
- ^ Segal, David (21 July 2012). "Swiss Freeports Are Home for a Growing Treasury of Art". The New York Times. Retrieved 7 April 2015.
- ^ a b "Ports Francs & Entrepôts de Genève SA - Rte du Grand Lancy 6a - Genève". Retrieved 12 May 2016.
- ^ "Magazzini Generali con Punto Franco SA – Stabio – Chiasso – Svizzera". puntofranco.com (in Italian and English).
- ^ Techgroup Schweiz AG. "For global requests". Retrieved 12 May 2016.
- ^ "Transport services | Vevey | Société des Entrepôts Vevey" [Transport services | Vevey | Vevey Warehouse Company]. sevpf.ch. Retrieved 12 May 2016.
- ^ "Ley 19640 del 16/5/72". servicios.infoleg.gob.ar.
- ^ "Ley 24". servicios.infoleg.gob.ar.
- ^ "Zona Franca General Pico". Retrieved 12 May 2016.
- ^ "Geographically Flexible Foreign Trade Zones in Canada". www.taxandtradelaw.com. 5 February 2018. Retrieved 24 August 2021.
- ^ "Calgary Region Inland Port". Calgary Logistics Council. Archived from the original on 4 September 2018.