The Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) is a species of sturgeon in the family Acipenseridae. It is most present in all of the major Siberian river basins that drain northward into the Kara, Laptev and East Siberian Seas, including the Ob, Yenisei (which drains Lake Baikal via the Angara River) Lena, and Kolyma Rivers. It was also found in Kazakhstan and China in the Irtysh River, a major tributary of the Ob, though wild populations are extirpated in China.[1] The species epithet honors the German Russian biologist Karl Ernst von Baer.
| Siberian sturgeon | |
|---|---|
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| Acipenser baerii | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Acipenseriformes |
| Family: | Acipenseridae |
| Genus: | Acipenser |
| Species: | A. baerii
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| Binomial name | |
| Acipenser baerii J. F. Brandt, 1869
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| Synonyms[3] | |
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Taxonomy
editThe Siberian sturgeon has previously been divided into two subspecies.[1] However, recent studies suggest they may be monotypic, forming continuous genetically connected populations throughout their vast range.[4]
The previous nominate taxon (A. b. baerii) accounts for 80% of all Siberian sturgeon and resides in the Ob River and its tributaries. This population migrates to the mouth of the Ob during the winter due to seasonal oxygen deficiency, and swims thousands of kilometers upstream to spawn.[citation needed]
Also, previously considered a subspecies, A. b. baicalensis, known as the Baikal sturgeon, is a lake population found primarily in the northern end of Lake Baikal, and migrates up the Selenga River to spawn.[citation needed]
Once considered a third subspecies, "A. b. stenorrhynchus" resides in the eastern Siberian rivers and displays two life history patterns: a more abundant migratory one which swims considerable distances (sometimes thousands of kilometers) upstream from estuaries and deltas to spawn, and a nonmigratory form.[citation needed]
Description and population status
editSiberian sturgeon usually weigh about 65 kg, with considerable variability between and within river basins. The maximum recorded weight was 210 kg. As with all other acipenserids, the Siberian sturgeon are long-lived (up to 60 years), and late to reach sexual maturity (males at 11–24 years, females at 20–28 years). They spawn in strong current main stem river channels over stone or gravel substrates.[1]
The Siberian sturgeon feeds on a variety of benthic organisms, such as crustaceans and chironomid larvae.[citation needed]
The species had been in steep decline in its natural range due to habitat loss, degradation, and poaching.[1] Up to 40% of the Siberian sturgeon spawning habitat has been made inaccessible by damming. High levels of pollution in certain places have led to significant negative impacts on the reproductive development of gonads.[5]
Aquaculture
editWhile wild catches have been generally declining, the Siberian sturgeon is increasingly farmed both for meat and to produce caviar from its roe. Because the Lena population of A. baerii completes its lifecycle in fresh water and sexually matures relatively early, it is the most common original broodstock for captive-bred specimens. The main producer of Siberian sturgeon caviar is France, while the largest meat producers are Russia and China.[6]
In Thailand, a tropical country, it is bred in the high mountains of the north in the Royal Project, an initiative of King Rama IX and Queen Sirikit, to obtain meat and roes for consumption alongside rainbow trout.[7]
Invasive species
editIn late October 2023, a 1.8 kg Siberian sturgeon was caught in the Mekong River in Chiang Khong District, Chiang Rai Province, bordering Thailand and Laos. Believed that they escaped from a farm in Laos. Several have already been captured by local fishermen. It remains a mystery how they survive in such a tropical wet in wild.[8]
References
edit- ^ a b c d e Ruban, G.; Mugue, N. (2022). "Acipenser baerii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T244A156718817. Retrieved 2 August 2022.
- ^ "Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Retrieved 14 January 2022.
- ^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Acipenser baerii". FishBase. April 2022 version.
- ^ Ruban, G.I. (1999). [The Siberian Sturgeon Acipenser baerii Brandt (Structure and Ecology of the Species)]. Moscow. GEOS publishers. Pp. 235 (in Russian).
- ^ Akimova, N.V. and Ruban, G.I. 2001. Reproductive System Condition and the Reason for Decreased Abundance of Siberian Sturgeon Acipenser baerii in the Ob’ River. Journal of Ichthyology 41(2): 177-181.
- ^ Jesús Matallanas, FIGIS Species Fact Sheets. Species Identification and Data Programme - SIDP. In: FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department [online]. Rome. Updated . [Cited 18 June 2010]. http://www.fao.org/fishery/culturedspecies/Acipenser_baerii/en
- ^ "Royal project products". The Royal Project Foundation.
- ^ Royaes, Abdul (29 October 2023). "มาได้ไง? พบปลาสเตอร์เจียน 1.8 กก.ตัวนี้ จับได้ในแม่น้ำโขง!" [How did it get here? this 1.8 kg sturgeon was found in the Mekong!]. Postjung.com (in Thai). Retrieved 29 July 2024.
External links
edit- G. I. Ruban, Siberian Sturgeon Acipenser baerii Brandt (Species Structure and Ecology) (GEOS, Moscow, 1999) [in Russian].
- CITES Siberian sturgeon (A. baerii)
- FAO fact page on A. baerii aquaculture.