Kunigami (国頭村, Kunigami-son, Kunigami: Kunzan, Okinawan: Kunjan, Northern Ryukyuan: くにがみ Kunigami) is a village in Kunigami District, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. It occupies the north tip of Okinawa Island, with the East China Sea to the west, Pacific Ocean to the east, and villages of Higashi and Ōgimi to the south.[1]
Kunigami
国頭村 Kunzan (Kunigami), Kunjan (Okinawan) | |
|---|---|
| Kunigami Village | |
 View of Cape Hedo | |
 Flag  Seal | |
 Location of Kunigami in Okinawa Prefecture | |
  Kunigami | |
| Coordinates: 26°44′45″N 128°10′41″E / 26.74583°N 128.17806°E | |
| Country | Japan |
| Region | Kyushu |
| Prefecture | Okinawa Prefecture |
| Established | 1 April 1908 |
| Area | |
• Total | 194.80 km2 (75.21 sq mi) |
| Population (2015) | |
• Total | 4,908 |
| • Density | 25/km2 (60/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC 9 (Japan Standard Time) |
| – Tree | Castanopsis sieboldii |
| – Flowering tree | Schima wallichii |
| – Flower | Rhododendron tashiroi |
| – Bird | Okinawa rail |
| – Fish | Green humphead parrotfish |
| Climate | Cfa |
| Website | www |
As of 2015, the village has a population of 4,908 and a population density of 25.20 persons per km2. The total area is 194.80 km2.
History
editAccording to Chūzan Seikan, the goddess Amamikyu consecrated the first utaki in Asa Forest at Hedo, in what is now Kunigami; the forest is also mentioned in Omoro Sōshi.[1] Ceramics from the Jōmon-period Uzahama Site (宇佐浜遺跡) resemble those found in the Amami Islands.[2] Chūzan Seikan records the prayers of the Kunigami council for the recovery of Shō Sei after an abortive attempt to occupy Amami Ōshima in 1537, while Kyūyō recounts the appointment of the son of the Kunigami Oyakata as aji after the successful takeover of the Amami Islands by Shō Gen in 1571.[1]
Kunigami District was established in 1896 and, upon the abolition of Kunigami magiri, Kunigami Village was founded in 1908. During the Battle of Okinawa, the area saw an influx of refugees fleeing the heavy fighting in the south. In September 1945, the occupying government merged the three villages of Kunigami, Higashi, and Ōgimi into the new city of Hentona (辺土名市); the merger was reversed the following year.[1]
Geography
editKunigami is mountainous, with over 80% of the land area covered by subtropical evergreen forest. Endemic species include the Okinawa woodpecker and Okinawa rail.[3]
- Mount Yonaha (503 m), the highest mountain on Okinawa Island
- Mount Nishime (西銘岳) (420 m)
- Mount Terukubi (照首山) (395 m)
- Aha River (安波川)
- Benoki River (辺野喜川)
- Adaka Island (安田ヶ島)
- Cape Hedo
- Kayauchibanta Shell Mound (カヤウチバンタ貝塚)
- Camp Gonsalves
- Yanbaru National Park
Administrative divisions
editThe village includes twenty-one wards.[4]
- Ada (安田)
- Aha (安波)
- Benoki (辺野喜)
- Gaji (我地)
- Ginama (宜名真)
- Hama (浜)
- Hanji (半地)
- Hedo (辺戸)
- Hentona (辺土名)
- Hiji (比地)
- Iji (伊地)
- Jashiki (謝敷)
- Kaganji (鏡地)
- Oku (奥)
- Okuma (奥間)
- Sate (佐手)
- Sosu (楚洲)
- Tōbaru (桃原)
- Uka (宇嘉)
- Ura (宇良)
- Yona (与那)
Neighbouring municipalities
editClimate
edit| Climate data for Kunigami (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1977−present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 25.3 (77.5) |
25.9 (78.6) |
28.5 (83.3) |
28.9 (84.0) |
31.0 (87.8) |
33.2 (91.8) |
34.2 (93.6) |
33.8 (92.8) |
33.6 (92.5) |
32.1 (89.8) |
28.4 (83.1) |
26.6 (79.9) |
34.2 (93.6) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 17.4 (63.3) |
17.9 (64.2) |
19.8 (67.6) |
22.3 (72.1) |
25.1 (77.2) |
28.3 (82.9) |
30.5 (86.9) |
30.1 (86.2) |
28.8 (83.8) |
25.8 (78.4) |
22.6 (72.7) |
19.1 (66.4) |
24.0 (75.1) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 14.7 (58.5) |
14.9 (58.8) |
16.5 (61.7) |
19.0 (66.2) |
21.8 (71.2) |
25.0 (77.0) |
26.9 (80.4) |
26.7 (80.1) |
25.6 (78.1) |
23.1 (73.6) |
20.1 (68.2) |
16.5 (61.7) |
20.9 (69.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 12.7 (54.9) |
12.7 (54.9) |
14.1 (57.4) |
16.5 (61.7) |
19.5 (67.1) |
22.9 (73.2) |
24.7 (76.5) |
24.7 (76.5) |
23.6 (74.5) |
21.3 (70.3) |
18.2 (64.8) |
14.6 (58.3) |
18.8 (65.8) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 3.1 (37.6) |
4.8 (40.6) |
5.2 (41.4) |
10.8 (51.4) |
12.6 (54.7) |
15.7 (60.3) |
19.8 (67.6) |
20.3 (68.5) |
17.7 (63.9) |
15.1 (59.2) |
11.1 (52.0) |
7.2 (45.0) |
3.1 (37.6) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 143.9 (5.67) |
159.7 (6.29) |
194.6 (7.66) |
199.4 (7.85) |
281.8 (11.09) |
342.8 (13.50) |
199.6 (7.86) |
230.3 (9.07) |
271.5 (10.69) |
225.9 (8.89) |
189.5 (7.46) |
155.2 (6.11) |
2,863.1 (102.13) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 13.4 | 12.9 | 13.6 | 12.6 | 13.8 | 14.9 | 10.1 | 12.9 | 13.7 | 11.8 | 10.8 | 12.5 | 153 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 77.6 | 82.8 | 113.0 | 126.9 | 145.0 | 170.7 | 245.1 | 218.6 | 167.5 | 130.2 | 94.0 | 79.8 | 1,651.1 |
| Source: Japan Meteorological Agency[5][6] | |||||||||||||
Demographics
edit| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1920 | 11,525 | — |
| 1925 | 10,112 | −12.3% |
| 1930 | 10,417 | 3.0% |
| 1935 | 10,460 | 0.4% |
| 1940 | 9,969 | −4.7% |
| 1950 | 12,000 | 20.4% |
| 1955 | 11,267 | −6.1% |
| 1960 | 10,653 | −5.4% |
| 1965 | 9,192 | −13.7% |
| 1970 | 7,324 | −20.3% |
| 1975 | 6,568 | −10.3% |
| 1980 | 6,873 | 4.6% |
| 1985 | 6,510 | −5.3% |
| 1990 | 6,114 | −6.1% |
| 1995 | 6,015 | −1.6% |
| 2000 | 5,825 | −3.2% |
| 2005 | 5,546 | −4.8% |
| 2010 | 5,118 | −7.7% |
| 2015 | 4,908 | −4.1% |
| Source: Statistics Bureau [1] | ||
Education
editThere is one municipal junior high school, Kunigami Junior High School (国頭中学校).[7]
Kunigami has the following municipal elementary schools:[7]
- Ada (安田小学校)
- Aha (安波小学校)
- Hentona (辺土名小学校)
- Oku (奥小学校)
- Okuma (奥間小学校)
The following municipal elementary schools are permanently closed:[7]
- Kitaguni Elementary School (北国小学校)
- Sate Elementary School (佐手小学校)
There is one municipal kindergarten, Kunigami Nursery School (くにがみこども園).[7]
Cultural Properties
edit- Name (Japanese) (Type of registration)
- Ada northern yellow boxwood forest reserve (安田のアカテツ保安林) (Municipal)
- Aha looking-glass mangrove trees Heritiera littoralis (安波のサキシマスオウノキ) (Prefectural)
- Aha Tanagā-gumui plant community (安波のタナガーグムイの植物群落) (National)
- Hiji Kodama-mui plant community (比地の小玉森の植物群落) (Prefectural)
- Mount Yonaha Natural Protected Area (与那覇岳天然保護区域) (National) [8]
Sister cities
edit
See also
edit
References
edit- ^ a b c d 国頭村 [Kunigami Village]. Nihon Rekishi Chimei Taikei (in Japanese). Heibonsha. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
- ^ 宇佐浜遺跡 [Uzahama Site] (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
- ^ 国頭村 [Kunigami Village] (in Japanese). Kunigami Village. Archived from the original on 26 March 2010. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
- ^ "沖縄県 国頭郡国頭村の郵便番号 - 日本郵便". www.post.japanpost.jp. Retrieved 2024-10-03.
- ^ 観測史上1～10位の値（年間を通じての値）. JMA. Retrieved March 17, 2022.
- ^ 気象庁 / 平年値（年・月ごとの値）. JMA. Retrieved March 17, 2022.
- ^ a b c d "教育". Kunigami. Retrieved 2022-12-18.
- ^ "表１－６ 沖縄島における文化財の状況（２）＜国頭村＞". www.pref.okinawa.jp. Retrieved 2024-10-07.
External links
edit- Kunigami official website (in Japanese)