Julio Grave de Peralta y Zayas (April 24, 1834 - June 24, 1872) was a Cuban army general who was killed in combat during the Ten Years' War.
Julio Grave de Peralta | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Birth name | Julio Grave de Peralta y Zayas[1] |
| Born | April 24, 1834 Holguín, Captaincy General of Cuba, Spanish Empire |
| Died | June 24, 1872 Guantánamo Province, Captaincy General of Cuba, Spanish Empire |
| Allegiance |  Republic of Cuba |
| Service | Cuban Liberation Army |
| Years of service | 1868-1872 |
| Rank | General |
| Unit | Second Division, Army of Oriente |
| Commands | 3rd Brigade, Department of Holguín Province |
| Battles / wars | Ten Years' War † |
Early life
editJulio Grave de Peralta was born in Holguín, Cuba on April 24, 1834.[2] His brother was Belisario Grave de Peralta. He was the uncle of the former Mayor of Havana, Perfecto Lacoste.[3]
Ten Years' War
editBetween October 17 to November 6, 1868, Holguín was besieged in a pro-independence uprising by forces led by Julio Grave de Peralta, shortly after the Ten Years' War began.[4]
In April 1869, he was assigned to the Cuban Liberation Army's Second Division, Army of Oriente under Maj. Gen. Thomas Jordan. He served as the general in command of the 3rd Brigade, overseeing operations in the Department of Holguín Province.[5]
Fannie Expedition
editOn June 6, 1872, an expedition led by Gen. Grave de Peralta and Col. William A.C. Ryan embarked from New York aboard the filibustering steamer known as the "Fannie".[6] Following its departure from the United States for Cuba, the vessel became aground on a reef and ended up twelve miles northwest of Baracoa on June 22, 1872. The crew worked for thirty hours to get the Fannie off the reef, but as coal was being thrown overboard, the vessel caught fire and burned.[7] As a result of the Fannie's grounding, the vessel landed its cargo of war material and 56 Cuban mambí fighters under the command of Grave De Peralta. Once the filibusters made landfall, they buried the vessel's arms and ammunition in the woods.[6] Gen. Jose Valera, a high-ranking Spanish army officer, along with the forces under his command in that jurisdiction saw the burning vessel. In the initial engagement, the Spanish troops killed Grave de Peralta and captured five others.[8] The prisoners led Valera to the buried cargo who subsequently seized the arms and ammunition as well as important correspondence for Carlos Manuel de Céspedes that was on the fallen general.[9] Among the documents captured were some blank commissions and a number of proclamations signed by Grave de Peralta.[10]
Death
editJulio Grave de Peralta died on June 24, 1872 in Guantánamo Province in Cuba.
Following his death, Gen. Julio Grave de Peralta was succeeded by Gen. Máximo Gómez in the Cuban Liberation Army.[11]
References
edit- ^ Castellanos G., C. G. (1935). Panorama histórico: ensayo de cronología cubana, desde 1492 hasta 1933. Cuba: Ucar, García y cía..
- ^ Rosete Silva, H. (1996). En el diario de su edad: la invasión cien años después. Cuba: Ediciones Abril.
- ^ "Goletas y canoas mambisas: una historia olvidada". radioangulo.cu. Retrieved 2024-06-08.
- ^ Angulo, F. J. P. (2022). Volunteers of the Empire: War, Identity, and Spanish Imperialism, 1855-1898. United Kingdom: Bloomsbury Publishing.
- ^ "Revista | Cuban Genealogical Society" (PDF). cubagenweb.org. Retrieved 2024-07-27.
- ^ a b "The Filibuster Fannie; Official Report by the Spanish Authorities; 1872, New York Herald. (July 5, 1872) - Newspapers.com™". newspapers.com. Retrieved 2024-06-08.
- ^ New York Herald. (July 13, 1872). The Filibuster Fannie; 1872. Newspapers.com. Retrieved June 8, 2024, from https://www.newspapers.com/article/new-york-herald-the-filibuster-fannie-1/148929493/
- ^ Western Daily Press. (July 5, 1872). Spain; Julio Grave de Peralta; 1872. Newspapers.com. Retrieved June 8, 2024, from https://www.newspapers.com/article/western-daily-press-spain-julio-grave-d/148918333/
- ^ Public Ledger. (July 3, 1872). Latest Telegrams; 1872. Newspapers.com. Retrieved June 8, 2024, from https://www.newspapers.com/article/public-ledger-latest-telegrams-1872/148929234/
- ^ New York Daily Herald. (July 20, 1872). The Fannie's Failure; More Particulars About the Mismanaged Cuban Expedition; 1872. Newspapers.com. Retrieved June 8, 2024, from https://www.newspapers.com/article/new-york-daily-herald-thxe-fannies-failu/148929640/
- ^ Stinchcombe, A. L. (1995). Sugar Island Slavery in the Age of Enlightenment: The Political Economy of the Caribbean World. Ukraine: Princeton University Press.