Judith Lynn Pipher (née Bancroft, June 18, 1940 – February 21, 2022) was a Canadian-born American astrophysicist and observational astronomer. She was Professor Emerita of Astronomy at the University of Rochester and directed the C. E. K. Mees Observatory from 1979 to 1994. She made important contributions to the development of infrared detector arrays in space telescopes.
Judith Pipher | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | Judith Lynn Bancroft June 18, 1940 |
| Died | February 21, 2022 (aged 81) Seneca Falls, New York, U.S. |
| Alma mater | University of Toronto Cornell University |
| Known for | Developing infrared detector arrays |
| Spouse |
Robert E. Pipher
(m. 1965; died 2007) |
| Awards | Susan B. Anthony Lifetime Achievement Award (2002) National Women's Hall of Fame (2007) |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Infrared astronomy, submillimeter astronomy, observational astronomy |
| Institutions | University of Rochester |
| Thesis | Rocket Submillimeter Observations of the Galaxy and Background (1971) |
| Doctoral advisor | Martin Harwit |
Early life and education
editJudith Lynn Bancroft was born on June 18, 1940, in Toronto, Ontario, to Earl Lester Alexander Bancroft and Agnes May Kathleen (née McGowan) Bancroft.[1] She was named Junior Miss Homemaker of Ontario when she was sixteen years old.[1] She graduated from Leaside High School in 1958 and earned a B.A. in astronomy from the University of Toronto in 1962.[2] Following her graduation, she moved to the Finger Lakes region of upstate New York where she taught science and attended Cornell University. In the late 1960s, she worked as a graduate student of Martin Harwit on a cryogenic rocket telescope experiment.[3] She received her Ph.D from Cornell in 1971. Her dissertation, Rocket Submillimeter Observations of the Galaxy and Background,[4] led her into research in the nascent fields of submillimeter and infrared astronomy.[5]
Career and research
editPipher joined the faculty of the University of Rochester's Physics and Astronomy Department in 1971 as an Instructor.[6] From 1979 to 1994, Pipher was director of University of Rochester's C. E. K. Mees Observatory. In the 1970s and 1980s, she made observations from the Kuiper Airborne Observatory. Pipher and William J. Forrest achieved promising results with a 32×32-pixel array of indium antimonide (InSb) detectors at a NASA Ames workshop. They reported their results in 1983.[7] That year Pipher and her colleagues were among the first to use an infrared array camera to capture starburst galaxies.[5]
For the next two decades, Pipher developed ultra-sensitive infrared InSb arrays with the help of colleague William J. Forrest. The Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) for the Spitzer Space Telescope was launched in August 2003.[8] She has also worked with Dan Watson and on the development of mercury cadmium telluride (HgCdTe) arrays. Pipher's observational research has concentrated on star formation studies and the arrays she designed have been used to observe astronomical phenomena such as planetary nebulae, brown dwarfs, and the Galactic Center.[2] She has authored over 200 papers and scientific articles.[5]
Pipher was a member of a team at the University of Rochester that developed the NEOCam sensor, a HgCdTe infrared-light sensor intended for the proposed Near-Earth Object Camera. The sensor improves the ability to detect potentially hazardous objects such as asteroids.[9]
Honors and awards
editPipher received the Susan B. Anthony Lifetime Achievement Award from the University of Rochester in 2002.[10] She was inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame in 2007 and became involved with its administration.[11] A 2009 article in Discover magazine indicated that Pipher was "considered by many to be the mother of infrared astronomy."[8] Asteroid 306128 Pipher was named in her honor.[12] The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on January 31, 2018 (M.P.C. 108698).[13]
She was elected a Legacy Fellow of the American Astronomical Society in 2020.[14]
Personal life and death
editWhile at Cornell, Judith met Robert E. Pipher (1934–2007),[15] who brought her four stepchildren when the couple married in 1965.[1] The Piphers lived at Cayuga Lake[1] in Seneca Falls, New York, where she was vice president of the Seneca Museum board of directors.[11] On the occasion of her 80th birthday, June 18, 2020, was proclaimed to be "Dr. Judy Pipher Day" in the Town of Seneca Falls.[1] She died on February 21, 2022, at the age of 81.[16][17]
References
edit- ^ a b c d e "Dr. Judy Pipher Day proclamation". Finger Lakes Times. June 19, 2020. Archived from the original on February 26, 2022. Retrieved February 26, 2022.
- ^ a b "Biographical Portraits: Judith Pipher". Recent Advances and Issues in Astronomy. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. 2002. ISBN 978-1-57356-348-2.
- ^ Pipher, Judith L. (2009). "Being a young graduate student in interesting times — Ignoring the forest for the trees". Finding the Big Bang. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 339–340. ISBN 978-0-521-51982-3.
- ^ Pipher, Judith Lynn (1971). Rocket Submillimeter Observations of the Galaxy and Background. Cornell University. Archived from the original on April 7, 2023. Retrieved February 26, 2022.
- ^ a b c "Judith L. Pipher". National Women's Hall of Fame. Archived from the original on January 27, 2013. Retrieved December 27, 2013.
- ^ "Judith L. Pipher". University of Rochester. Archived from the original on December 28, 2013. Retrieved December 27, 2013.
- ^ McLean, Ian S. (2008). Electronic Imaging in Astronomy: Detectors and Instrumentation (2nd ed.). Berlin: Springer. p. 394. ISBN 978-3-540-76582-0.
- ^ a b Frank, Adam (March 26, 2009). "The Violent, Mysterious Dynamics of Star Formation". Discover. Archived from the original on December 28, 2013.
- ^ O'Connell, Kate (April 17, 2013). "The new generation of asteroid hunters is here". Innovation Trail. Archived from the original on February 24, 2017. Retrieved December 28, 2013.
- ^ "Astronomer Judith Pipher Named to National Women's Hall of Fame". University of Rochester. January 30, 2007. Archived from the original on November 6, 2018. Retrieved December 28, 2013.
- ^ a b "A CONVERSATION WITH: Ginny DeJohn and Judy Pipher, co-chairs, National Women's Hall of Fame Induction Committee". Finger Lakes Times. September 23, 2013. Archived from the original on August 25, 2019. Retrieved December 28, 2013.
- ^ "306128 Pipher (2010 JP109)". Minor Planet Center. Archived from the original on January 9, 2020. Retrieved February 6, 2018.
- ^ "MPC/MPO/MPS Archive". Minor Planet Center. Archived from the original on April 26, 2020. Retrieved February 6, 2018.
- ^ "AAS Fellows". AAS. Archived from the original on March 18, 2021. Retrieved September 30, 2020.
- ^ "Robert E. Pipher Obituary". Star-Gazette. Legacy.com. December 18, 2007. Archived from the original on February 26, 2022. Retrieved February 26, 2022.
- ^ "Passing of 2007 Inductee and Board of Director emerita Judith L. Pipher". National Women's Hall of Fame. February 23, 2022. Archived from the original on February 24, 2022. Retrieved February 24, 2022.
- ^ "Judith Pipher remembered as a trailblazer in the field of infrared astronomy". NewsCenter. University of Rochester. February 25, 2022. Archived from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved May 27, 2023.
Further reading
edit- Rieke, George H.; Rieke, Marcia J.; McMurtry, Craig W. (2022). "Judith Pipher (1940–2022)". Nature Astronomy. 6 (4): 410. doi:10.1038/s41550-022-01654-7. ISSN 2397-3366. S2CID 248110215.
- Forrest, William J.; Horn, Hugh M. Van; Watson, Dan M. (2022). "Judith L. Pipher (1940–2022)". Bulletin of the AAS. 54 (1). doi:10.3847/25c2cfeb.1754123a.