Joseph Smith Jessop (January 25, 1869 – September 1, 1953)[1] was an early patriarch in the Mormon fundamentalist movement and, with John Y. Barlow, co-founder of Short Creek, Arizona (later Colorado City, Arizona, and Hildale, Utah), home to the polygynous Short Creek Community.[2]
| Joseph Smith Jessop | |
|---|---|
 Joseph Smith Jessop with his youngest daughter Mabel Annie shortly before his death | |
| Patriarch in the Mormon fundamentalist movement | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | January 25, 1869 Millville, Utah, United States |
| Died | September 1, 1953 (aged 84) Hildale, Utah, United States |
| Resting place | Isaac W. Carling Memorial Park 36°59′24″N 112°58′59″W / 36.990°N 112.983°W |
| Known For | Co-founder of Hildale, Utah |
| Spouse(s) | Martha M. Yeates (1871-1938) Gertrude A. Marriott (1928-1952) |
| Children | 22 |
| Parents | Richard Jessop Mary Ellen Shaffer |
Biography
editBackground and early life
editJoseph Smith Jessop was born in Millville, Utah.[1] His parents were Richard Jessop, a native of Lincolnshire, England (1838–1899) and his wife Mary Ellen Shaffer Jessop (1848–1928).[3] Richard Jessop was jailed in 1889 for "unlawful cohabitation", that is, plural marriage.[4]
When his hometown of Millville was incorporated in 1902, Jessop was made one of the town's four trustees.[5]
Jessop was an active socialist in the early 20th century.[6]
Mormon fundamentalist
editJessop, along with his brother Moroni "Rone" and sister Frances, became interested in the nascent Mormon fundamentalist movement, and in particular the polygamist message of Lorin C. Woolley, after coming into contact with John Y. Barlow and his relative Israel Barlow Jr. Their acceptance of the message led to them becoming local outcasts, despite earlier being "pillars" of the Millville community. On 1 September 1923, Jessop and his family solidified their faith in plural marriage after praying about whether Jessop's daughter Martha "Mattie" should enter into it, to which they felt an affirmative answer from God. After this fact was leaked to the locals, Martha was excommunicated from the LDS Church, causing a "great big splash" in the town.[5]
The Jessop family was friendly with Lorin C. Woolley himself, as he spoke at the funerals of a few family members.[5]
Jessop was excommunicated from the Millville Ward by the LDS Church in 1930, and later moved to Short Creek in 1942.[7]
Jessop was present during an early dispute over placement marriage in 1948, taking an ambivalent neutral position, in between those who objected and those who were supportive of it.[8] Jessop was also among those arrested during the 1953 Short Creek raid, and was placed onto a lengthy journey by bus to Kingman, Arizona in order to be prosecuted. This trip had no bathroom stops, which had exacerbated Jessop's physical and emotional distress following the raid. In light of his old age and infirmity, he was released soon afterwards.[5][8] He died either from kidney failure[8] or acute phlebitis,[7] a mere few days after being released. A few days before his death, he was reported to have said "the old fire burns in me strong, but it is going out."[5]
At the end of his life, he had 28 children,[9] 112 grandchildren and 145 great-grandchildren, and of those who survived him, 110 could not attend his funeral because they were being held in Phoenix by Arizona authorities.[7] In all, 101 immediate family members attended it.[10]
Family
editThe Jessop surname has left a prominent legacy, with family historians reporting him to have over 10,000 descendants, as nearly all of his children wound up in plural marriages with large families.[5] Most modern members of the Short Creek community, regardless of their own surnames, can trace at least some of their lineage to Jessop and John Y. Barlow.[11][12] The unusually high prevalence of the extremely rare disease known as fumarase deficiency among FLDS members has been attributed to cousin marriages between the descendants of these two families.[13]
Spouses
editMartha Moore Yeates was born on July 8, 1871, married Joseph Smith Jessop (then 20 years old) at age 18, and died on June 27, 1938, at age 66.[14]
Gertrude Annie Marriott was born on June 29, 1909, married Joseph Smith Jessop (then 59 years old) at age 19 (Martha was 57), and died on February 16, 1952, at age 42.[15]
Children
editMartha had 14 children: Sarah Genevieve (known as Genevieve), Joseph Lyman, Richard Seth, Dowayne Neor, Violet, Ruby, Martha (known as Mattie), Vergel Yeates, Sylmar Greene, Fawnetta (known as Fawn), Millicent (who was a stillborn), Frederick Meade, John (Bill) Millward and Allie.
Annie had 8 children: Thomas Smith, Albert Marriott, William Marshall, Ellen, Joseph Charles and John Marion (twins), Hyrum Martin and Mabel Annie.
References
edit- ^ a b Driggs, Ken (2005). "Imprisonment, Defiance, and Division: A History of Mormon Fundamentalism in the 1940s and 1950s". Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought. 38 (1): 65–95. doi:10.2307/45228177. ISSN 0012-2157. JSTOR 45228177. S2CID 254391753.
- ^ LIFE. Time Inc. 1994. p. 35. ISBN 9780886826024. ISSN 0024-3019. Retrieved 2014-10-14.
- ^ "Joseph Smith Jessop (1869 - 1953) - Find A Grave Memorial". findagrave.com. Retrieved 2014-10-14.
- ^ Watson, Marianne T. (2003). "Short Creek: "A Refuge for the Saints"". Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought. 36 (1): 71–87. doi:10.2307/45226924. ISSN 0012-2157. JSTOR 45226924. S2CID 254402331.
- ^ a b c d e f Foster, Craig L.; Watson, Marianne T. (2015-06-01). American Polygamy: A History of Fundamentalist Mormon Faith. Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4396-6703-3.
- ^ Sillito, John R.; McCormick, John S. (1985). "Socialist Saints: Mormons and the Socialist Party in Utah, 1900-20". Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought. 18 (1): 121–131. doi:10.2307/45225329. ISSN 0012-2157. JSTOR 45225329. S2CID 254300099.
Among the most active socialists in Cache Valley was Joseph Smith Jessop. In the 1920s he broke with the Church over the issue of plural marriage and became patriarch to the residents of the polygamous colony at Short Creek, Arizona.
- ^ a b c Driggs, Ken (2001). ""This Will Someday Be the Head and Not the Tail of the Church": A History of the Mormon Fundamentalists at Short Creek". Journal of Church and State. 43 (1): 49–80. doi:10.1093/jcs/43.1.49. ISSN 0021-969X. JSTOR 23920013.
- ^ a b c Watson, Marianne T. (2007). "The 1948 Secret Marriage of Louis J. Barlow: Origins of FLDS Placement Marriage". Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought. 40 (1): 83–136. doi:10.2307/45227157. ISSN 0012-2157. JSTOR 45227157. S2CID 254401041.
- ^ Schwartz, Randy (1970-11-15). Society & Legal Order. Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-465-07943-8.
- ^ Lonely men of Short Creek. Life Magazine. 1953.
- ^ Brower, Sam (2011-09-13). Prophet's Prey: My Seven-Year Investigation Into Warren Jeffs and the Fundamentalist Church of Latter-Day Saints. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. ISBN 978-1-60819-275-5.
- ^ Jessop, Flora; Brown, Paul T. (2009-01-08). Church of Lies. John Wiley and Sons. ISBN 978-0-470-45177-9.
- ^ Haggerty, Bill (2021-04-01). Discovering the Colorado Plateau: A Guide to the Region's Hidden Wonders. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-1-4930-3716-2.
- ^ "Martha Moore Yeates b. 8 Jul 1871 Millville, Cache Co, Utah, USA d. 27 Jun 1938 Millville, Cache Co, Utah, USA: eAncestry.org - Our Family History Database". eancestry.org. Retrieved 2014-10-14.
- ^ "Descendants of Simon Harr - Person Page 3301". Archived from the original on 2011-06-02. Retrieved 2010-08-14.