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Jizan (Arabic: جيزان, romanized: Jīzān), also spelled Jazan (Arabic: جازان, romanized: Jāzān), Gizan or Gazan, is a city and the capital of Jizan Region, which lies in the southwest corner of Saudi Arabia. Jizan City is situated on the coast of the Red Sea and serves a large agricultural heartland that has a population of 173,919 as of 2022 and over 1.4 million, in the whole Jizan region. As the city is the capital of the region, it has the regional airport as well as the Jizan seaport. The area is noted for its high-quality production of fruits such as mangoes, figs, papayas, plums, and coffee.[3]
Jazan
جازان, جيزان | |
|---|---|
 Jizan | |
  Jazan | |
| Coordinates: 16°53′21″N 42°33′40″E / 16.88917°N 42.56111°E | |
| Country |  Saudi Arabia |
| Region | Jizan Region |
| Government | |
| • Governor / Emir | Prince Mohammed Bin Nasser Bin Abdulaziz Al-Saud (Since 3 April 2001[1]) |
| Elevation | 40 m (130 ft) |
| Population (2022 census)[2] | |
• City | 173,919 |
| • Metro | 1,404,997 (Jizan region) |
| Time zone | UTC 3 (AST) |
| Website | www |
Jizan has one of the largest megaprojects market in the kingdom with significant infrastructure projects worth many billions of dollars. Saudi Aramco is building a 400,000 bpd refinery with associated terminal facilities on the Red Sea near the city, scheduled for completion in late 2018.[4]
Ethnography
editThe inhabitants of Jizan are Arab and split between Sunni Muslims and Shia Muslims that live in the Jazan region.[5]
Economy
editIn the early 20th century, Jizan was a major site for pearl fishing. When World War I began, trade declined, due to ships moving to Al Hudaydah.[6]
Today, ambitious projects in transport, renewable energy, tourism and agricultural development are taking place in the Jizan region, particularly in Jazan Economic City, including a US$3 Billion aluminium smelter.[7]
Jazan is being turned into Saudi Arabia's naval industry hub.[citation needed] Furthermore, the southern and western outskirts of the city are a place which the Kingdom wants to turn into its agricultural hub due to its underground water resources as well as the rich and diverse soil.[citation needed]
Jazan Refinery
editJazan Refinery is a megaproject under construction and owned by Saudi Aramco. The Refinery will process heavy and medium crude oil to create liquefied petroleum gas, sulfur, asphalt, benzene, and paraxylene. It is expected to produce 400,000 barrels per day.[8]
Transport
editJazan Port and Jizan Regional Airport serve the city of Jizan.
Climate
editJizan has a hot desert climate (Köppen: BWh) with a rainfall below 200 mm per year and an average annual temperature above 30 °C (86 °F). The weather is very hot all year round and its average annual temperature is one of the hottest in the world, as daily lows average over 20 °C (68 °F) and highs over 30 °C (86 °F) even in the mildest month of the year, while unlike a lot of tropical cities the summer is even noticeably warmer. It is very humid but parched in some months, making the weather volatile. Sandstorms are quite common in areas further from the sea.
The highest recorded temperature was 46.3 °C (115.3 °F) on 15 September 2006, while the lowest was 11.8 °C (53.2 °F) on 7 February 1993.[9]
| Climate data for Jazan (1991-2020) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 34.0 (93.2) |
34.9 (94.8) |
38.1 (100.6) |
43.6 (110.5) |
44.0 (111.2) |
43.1 (109.6) |
42.3 (108.1) |
45.3 (113.5) |
46.3 (115.3) |
43.0 (109.4) |
42.3 (108.1) |
38.0 (100.4) |
46.3 (115.3) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 30.7 (87.3) |
31.2 (88.2) |
32.9 (91.2) |
35.4 (95.7) |
37.7 (99.9) |
38.4 (101.1) |
38.3 (100.9) |
38.0 (100.4) |
38.0 (100.4) |
36.5 (97.7) |
34.0 (93.2) |
31.8 (89.2) |
35.2 (95.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 26.3 (79.3) |
26.9 (80.4) |
28.4 (83.1) |
30.8 (87.4) |
32.7 (90.9) |
33.8 (92.8) |
33.9 (93.0) |
33.4 (92.1) |
33.1 (91.6) |
31.5 (88.7) |
29.3 (84.7) |
27.3 (81.1) |
30.6 (87.1) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 22.0 (71.6) |
22.9 (73.2) |
24.4 (75.9) |
26.6 (79.9) |
28.4 (83.1) |
30.1 (86.2) |
30.5 (86.9) |
29.8 (85.6) |
29.0 (84.2) |
26.7 (80.1) |
24.8 (76.6) |
22.9 (73.2) |
26.5 (79.7) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 14.9 (58.8) |
11.8 (53.2) |
16.3 (61.3) |
18.8 (65.8) |
19.1 (66.4) |
23.0 (73.4) |
21.0 (69.8) |
19.0 (66.2) |
20.0 (68.0) |
20.3 (68.5) |
18.3 (64.9) |
17.0 (62.6) |
11.8 (53.2) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 13.2 (0.52) |
3.2 (0.13) |
4.7 (0.19) |
11.1 (0.44) |
9.0 (0.35) |
1.6 (0.06) |
16.4 (0.65) |
32.3 (1.27) |
8.5 (0.33) |
20.2 (0.80) |
16.2 (0.64) |
17.0 (0.67) |
153.4 (6.04) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1 mm) | 1.2 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 1.3 | 2.9 | 1.2 | 1.8 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 13.5 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 73 | 73 | 70 | 66 | 64 | 64 | 60 | 64 | 67 | 67 | 69 | 73 | 68 |
| Source: World Meteorological Organization,[10] Jeddah Regional Climate Center (humidity 1985-2010)[11] | |||||||||||||
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 26.8 °C (80.2 °F) | 26.6 °C (79.9 °F) | 27.6 °C (81.7 °F) | 28.9 °C (84.0 °F) | 30.7 °C (87.3 °F) | 31.9 °C (89.4 °F) | 31.5 °C (88.7 °F) | 31.6 °C (88.9 °F) | 32.0 °C (89.6 °F) | 32.0 °C (89.6 °F) | 30.5 °C (86.9 °F) | 28.7 °C (83.7 °F) |
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "CTHM Issues Four Royal Decrees". Kuwait News Agency. Retrieved 19 May 2020.
- ^ "Jazan Region". www.citypopulation.de. Retrieved 2024-02-03.
- ^ "Fruit production in Jazan flourishes during Ramadan".
- ^ "Aramco lets contracts for Jazan refinery, terminal". Oil & Gas Journal. Retrieved 11 February 2016.
- ^ "2019 Report on International Religious Freedom: Saudi Arabia". Office of International Religious Freedom. U.S. Department of State.
Pockets of Zaydis, members of another branch of Shia Islam, numbering a total of approximately 20,000, reside primarily in the provinces of Jizan and Najran along the border with Yemen
- ^ Prothero, G.W. (1920). Arabia. London: H.M. Stationery Office. p. 75.
- ^ "$3bn Jazan aluminium smelter deal signed". Trade Arabia. Retrieved 11 February 2016.
- ^ "Saudi Aramco, Air Products, and ACWA Power to form over $8 billion gasification/power joint venture at Jazan Economic City". www.saudiaramco.com. Retrieved 2019-05-24.
- ^ "Gizan, Saudi Arabia". Jeddah Regional Climate Center. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 24 August 2013.
- ^ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020 — Gizan". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved February 6, 2024.
- ^ "Climate Data for Saudi Arabia". Jeddah Regional Climate Center. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved December 7, 2015.
- ^ "Monthly Jazān water temperature chart". Seatemperatures.org. Retrieved 2014-01-20.
External links
edit