Jeju City (Korean: 제주시, romanized: Jeju-si; Korean pronunciation: [tɕe̞.dʑu]) is the capital of the Jeju Province in South Korea and the largest city on Jeju Island. The city is served by Jeju International Airport (IATA code CJU).
Jeju
제주시 | |
|---|---|
| Korean transcription(s) | |
| • Hangul | 제주시 |
| • Hanja | 濟州市 |
| • Revised Romanization | Jeju-si |
| • McCune–Reischauer | Cheju-si |
From the left: Panoramic view of Jeju City, Yongdam-dong, Jeju Stone Park, Jeju Black, Lighthouse of Jeju Port, veld | |
 Emblem of Jeju City | |
 Location in South Korea | |
| Coordinates: 33°30′47″N 126°31′23″E / 33.513°N 126.523°E | |
| Country | South Korea |
| Province | Jeju |
| Administrative divisions | 19 dong, 4 eup, 3 myeon |
| Government | |
| • Type | Mayor appointed by governor, no city council (unique in Korea due to Jeju's autonomy) |
| • Mayor | Kim Wan-geun (Independent) |
| Area | |
• Total | 977.8 km2 (377.5 sq mi) |
| Population | |
• Total | 488,844[1] |
| • Density | 503.18/km2 (1,303.2/sq mi) |
| • Dialect | Jeju |
| Website | http://www.jejusi.go.kr/ |
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Located on an island off the Korean Peninsula, Jeju has mild, warm weather during much of the year. The city is a well-known resort, with prestigious hotels and public casino facilities. In 2011, 9.9 million passengers flew between the two cities of Seoul and Jeju, making the Gimpo–Jeju route the world's busiest passenger air route.[2]
Jeju welcomes over ten million visitors every year, mainly from the South Korean mainland, Japan, and China.[3][4] The population of Jeju City is 486,604 people and 225,139 households (244,468 men and 245,136 women, May 2024).[5] The population density is 503.18 (per square km, 2020).[6]
History
editThe area of the city has played a central role in Jeju since before recorded history. The Samseonghyeol, holes from which the three ancestors of the Jeju people are said to have come, are located in downtown Jeju City.
During the Japanese rule of Korea, Jeju was renamed to Saishū.[7]
The city has grown quite rapidly since the 1970s. Shin Jeju (신제주), or "new Jeju", was created some decades ago, up the hill from the airport and houses many government buildings. The thatched roof buildings that were common throughout the city until the 1970s are gradually disappearing.
The city was separated from Bukjeju County in 1955. However, in 2005 Jeju Province voters approved a proposal to merge the city with Bukjeju County, also merging Seogwipo with Namjeju County to create two large cities directly administered by the province. That change was put into effect in July 2006.
In 2012 Sang-Oh Kim became mayor; he was formerly the Jeju regional president of National Agricultural Cooperative Federation.[8]
Transportation
editJeju City is the principal transportation center for Jeju Province. It is home to the island's sole airport, Jeju International Airport; the Jeju-Seoul route is the world's busiest airline route.[2]
In addition, its port is the largest on the island, serving the great majority of passenger and cargo vessels that visit the island. It also stands at the center of the island's road network. To travel throughout the city and island, various buses are available. A bus ride from Jeju City to Seogwipo (the second largest city on the island) is typically an hour.[9]
Economy
editDue to its central position in transportation, Jeju City sees the main share of tourist traffic to the island. Many tourists arrive at the city through the port terminal or airport, stay in the tourist hotels of the Sinjeju neighborhood, and stay within the city to visit various Jeju tourist attractions. These include Dragon's Head Rock (Yongduam) along the coast; the Samseonghyeol, three holes in the downtown area; Hallasan National Park in the interior; the country's tallest mountain, Hallasan; and world's largest botanical garden, Bunjae Artpia. The 8,500-seat Jeju Baseball Stadium is near the center of the city.
The city also sells many oranges for which Jeju is famous. Jeju City is surrounded by orange and mandarin farms.[10][11]
Jeju Air has its headquarters in Jeju City.
Geography
editIn its former boundaries, Jeju City was 19.3 kilometers from east to west, and 10.2 kilometers from north to south. To the north, it looks across the Korea Strait at the southern coast of South Jeolla Province. To the south, it meets Seogwipo at the top of Hallasan, the island's sole mountain.
Tourism
editThe Jeju Olle Trail and Jeju Olle Walking Festival passes through the city.[12][13]
The island Udo, one of Jeju's most popular tourist attractions, is located off the city's east coast.[14][15] It received 2.23 million visitors in 2016.[16] Seongsan Ilchulbong, an unusually bowl-shaped mountain, is popular for seeing the first sunrise of the year. Around that time, it hosts a sunrise festival with performances and food.[17][18]
The city has Jeju Stone Park in Jocheon. The large park focuses on Jeju's cultural use of stones, its mythology, and its shamanism.[19][20] The Jeju National Museum is located in the city proper, near the center.[21] The Kimnyoung Maze Park is in the city.[22] The Buddhist temple Yakcheonsa has a natural mineral spring claimed to have healing powers, and is one of the largest temples in East Asia.[23] It participates in the Templestay program, where guests can stay at Buddhist temples and experience Buddhist culture.[24]
Demographics
edit| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1980 | 290,116 | — | |
| 1990 | 341,482 | 1.64% | |
| 2000 | 367,364 | 0.73% | |
| 2010 | 401,192 | 0.88% | |
| 2015 | 451,758 | 2.40% | |
| 2020 | 492,306 | 1.73% | |
| |||
| Source: Citypopulation[25] | |||
Climate
editJeju City has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen: Cfa) with very warm summers and cool winters. In Holdridge classification, Jeju City has a warm temperate moist forest climate. Due to its location, Jeju City is one of the warmest cities in Korea. However, ocean effect snow brings winter precipitation such as snow showers with strong wind during the winter. Precipitation is significant throughout the year, but is much wetter in summer, with more than 180 millimetres (7.1 in) of rain falling in each month from June to September. The highest temperature ever recorded is 37.5 °C (99.5 °F) on 25 July 1942[26] while the lowest temperature ever recorded is −6.0 °C (21.2 °F) on 16 February 1977.[26]
| Climate data for Ildo 1-dong, Jeju City (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1923–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 23.6 (74.5) |
24.5 (76.1) |
28.1 (82.6) |
30.9 (87.6) |
33.1 (91.6) |
34.5 (94.1) |
37.5 (99.5) |
37.5 (99.5) |
35.1 (95.2) |
32.1 (89.8) |
26.7 (80.1) |
23.3 (73.9) |
37.5 (99.5) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 8.6 (47.5) |
9.9 (49.8) |
13.3 (55.9) |
18.0 (64.4) |
22.1 (71.8) |
24.9 (76.8) |
29.3 (84.7) |
30.1 (86.2) |
26.1 (79.0) |
21.6 (70.9) |
16.4 (61.5) |
11.0 (51.8) |
19.3 (66.7) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 6.1 (43.0) |
6.8 (44.2) |
9.8 (49.6) |
14.2 (57.6) |
18.3 (64.9) |
21.7 (71.1) |
26.2 (79.2) |
27.2 (81.0) |
23.3 (73.9) |
18.6 (65.5) |
13.3 (55.9) |
8.3 (46.9) |
16.2 (61.2) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 3.7 (38.7) |
4.0 (39.2) |
6.6 (43.9) |
10.8 (51.4) |
15.0 (59.0) |
19.1 (66.4) |
23.7 (74.7) |
24.8 (76.6) |
20.9 (69.6) |
15.7 (60.3) |
10.4 (50.7) |
5.6 (42.1) |
13.4 (56.1) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −5.8 (21.6) |
−6.0 (21.2) |
−4.1 (24.6) |
−0.2 (31.6) |
4.0 (39.2) |
9.2 (48.6) |
15.0 (59.0) |
15.8 (60.4) |
9.8 (49.6) |
5.5 (41.9) |
0.5 (32.9) |
−3.6 (25.5) |
−6.0 (21.2) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 67.5 (2.66) |
57.2 (2.25) |
90.6 (3.57) |
89.7 (3.53) |
95.6 (3.76) |
171.2 (6.74) |
210.2 (8.28) |
272.3 (10.72) |
227.8 (8.97) |
95.1 (3.74) |
69.5 (2.74) |
55.6 (2.19) |
1,502.3 (59.15) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 12.2 | 10.2 | 10.3 | 9.4 | 9.8 | 11.7 | 11.8 | 13.2 | 11.2 | 6.7 | 9.8 | 11.5 | 127.8 |
| Average snowy days | 7.2 | 4.2 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 5.3 | 18.1 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 64.0 | 63.3 | 63.2 | 64.8 | 68.4 | 77.9 | 78.3 | 76.2 | 73.7 | 66.4 | 65.0 | 64.1 | 68.8 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 70.2 | 110.0 | 166.0 | 196.5 | 212.2 | 159.7 | 189.8 | 195.1 | 158.9 | 173.3 | 123.7 | 79.1 | 1,834.5 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 22.2 | 34.0 | 42.8 | 49.8 | 49.2 | 39.7 | 44.7 | 47.2 | 43.5 | 50.7 | 40.2 | 27.4 | 41.7 |
| Source: Korea Meteorological Administration (percent sunshine 1981–2010)[27][26][28] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Gosan-ri, Hangyeong-myeon, Jeju City (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1988–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 18.8 (65.8) |
20.1 (68.2) |
21.4 (70.5) |
27.3 (81.1) |
27.5 (81.5) |
29.6 (85.3) |
34.3 (93.7) |
35.5 (95.9) |
32.5 (90.5) |
30.3 (86.5) |
26.8 (80.2) |
21.9 (71.4) |
35.5 (95.9) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 8.4 (47.1) |
9.4 (48.9) |
12.5 (54.5) |
16.7 (62.1) |
20.4 (68.7) |
23.7 (74.7) |
27.4 (81.3) |
29.3 (84.7) |
26.1 (79.0) |
21.4 (70.5) |
16.4 (61.5) |
11.0 (51.8) |
18.6 (65.5) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 6.1 (43.0) |
6.6 (43.9) |
9.4 (48.9) |
13.4 (56.1) |
17.1 (62.8) |
20.7 (69.3) |
24.9 (76.8) |
26.4 (79.5) |
23.0 (73.4) |
18.5 (65.3) |
13.5 (56.3) |
8.5 (47.3) |
15.7 (60.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 3.8 (38.8) |
4.1 (39.4) |
6.5 (43.7) |
10.5 (50.9) |
14.3 (57.7) |
18.4 (65.1) |
22.9 (73.2) |
24.1 (75.4) |
20.6 (69.1) |
15.9 (60.6) |
10.9 (51.6) |
5.9 (42.6) |
13.2 (55.8) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −6.2 (20.8) |
−3.0 (26.6) |
−2.3 (27.9) |
3.3 (37.9) |
9.2 (48.6) |
12.7 (54.9) |
16.8 (62.2) |
17.1 (62.8) |
14.8 (58.6) |
7.3 (45.1) |
0.8 (33.4) |
−2.0 (28.4) |
−6.2 (20.8) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 40.6 (1.60) |
47.8 (1.88) |
76.2 (3.00) |
94.7 (3.73) |
117.7 (4.63) |
158.1 (6.22) |
167.7 (6.60) |
201.9 (7.95) |
120.4 (4.74) |
56.9 (2.24) |
60.2 (2.37) |
40.7 (1.60) |
1,182.9 (46.57) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 10.6 | 9.0 | 10.2 | 9.0 | 9.6 | 11.3 | 11.3 | 13.1 | 9.6 | 6.3 | 8.6 | 10.4 | 119 |
| Average snowy days | 5.9 | 3.0 | 1.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 4.0 | 14.5 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 66.9 | 68.0 | 69.9 | 74.2 | 80.2 | 86.2 | 89.2 | 83.9 | 77.8 | 69.7 | 67.9 | 66.5 | 75.0 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 95.4 | 131.0 | 175.4 | 196.3 | 205.3 | 156.0 | 172.6 | 219.7 | 187.4 | 206.6 | 150.7 | 106.3 | 2,002.7 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 28.7 | 40.7 | 45.0 | 50.3 | 46.9 | 36.8 | 40.4 | 52.0 | 50.5 | 58.8 | 48.9 | 34.9 | 44.7 |
| Source: Korea Meteorological Administration (snow and percent sunshine 1981–2010)[27][26][28] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Chuja Islands, Jeju City (1993–2020 normals) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 7.2 (45.0) |
8.4 (47.1) |
11.5 (52.7) |
15.6 (60.1) |
19.4 (66.9) |
22.8 (73.0) |
26.8 (80.2) |
28.9 (84.0) |
25.5 (77.9) |
21.0 (69.8) |
15.3 (59.5) |
9.7 (49.5) |
17.7 (63.9) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 5.0 (41.0) |
5.7 (42.3) |
8.6 (47.5) |
12.5 (54.5) |
16.3 (61.3) |
19.9 (67.8) |
24.3 (75.7) |
26.2 (79.2) |
22.9 (73.2) |
18.4 (65.1) |
12.8 (55.0) |
7.5 (45.5) |
15.0 (59.0) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 2.8 (37.0) |
3.3 (37.9) |
6.0 (42.8) |
10.0 (50.0) |
13.9 (57.0) |
17.8 (64.0) |
22.2 (72.0) |
24.2 (75.6) |
21.1 (70.0) |
16.4 (61.5) |
10.6 (51.1) |
5.1 (41.2) |
12.8 (55.0) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 27.2 (1.07) |
40.3 (1.59) |
73.0 (2.87) |
79.6 (3.13) |
92.5 (3.64) |
152.7 (6.01) |
190.3 (7.49) |
201.8 (7.94) |
132.9 (5.23) |
57.9 (2.28) |
46.6 (1.83) |
32.9 (1.30) |
1,127.7 (44.40) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 5.9 | 5.5 | 7.0 | 7.7 | 7.8 | 8.8 | 9.1 | 8.5 | 6.9 | 4.6 | 5.9 | 7.4 | 85.1 |
| Source: Korea Meteorological Administration[27] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Jeju | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average sea temperature °C (°F) | 14.7 (58.5) |
13.6 (56.5) |
13.3 (55.9) |
14.6 (58.3) |
16.7 (62.1) |
20.6 (69.1) |
24.4 (75.9) |
26.1 (79.0) |
24.5 (76.1) |
21.8 (71.2) |
18.9 (66.0) |
15.9 (60.6) |
18.8 (65.8) |
| Mean daily daylight hours | 10.0 | 11.0 | 12.0 | 13.0 | 14.0 | 14.0 | 14.0 | 13.0 | 12.0 | 11.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 12.0 |
| Average Ultraviolet index | 3 | 4 | 6 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 10 | 8 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 6.8 |
| Source #1: seatemperature.org [29] | |||||||||||||
| Source #2: Weather Atlas [30] | |||||||||||||
Administrative divisions
edit
Jeju is divided into 19 neighbourhoods (dong), 4 towns (eup), and 3 townships (myeon):[31]
|
|
Twin towns – sister cities
editJeju City is twinned with:[32]
Friendship cities
edit
Memorandum of Understanding
edit
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Population statistics". Korea Ministry of the Interior and Safety. 2024.
- ^ a b "Top flights". Daily chart. The Economist. 2012-05-14. Retrieved 2012-05-14.
Jeju, on the South Korean island of the same name, is not one of the country's 20 biggest cities. Yet the island's allure as a domestic tourist destination resulted in 9.9m passengers flying between Seoul and Jeju (in either direction) in 2011. This makes it the busiest airline route in the world, according to Amadeus, a company that provides technology to the travel industry.
- ^ "Jeju Island: South Korea's volcanic holiday destination". CNN. 2014-04-17. Retrieved 2015-04-15.
- ^ "The Chinese are buying up South Korea's Jeju Island, and the islanders are not too pleased". Quartz. Atlantic Media. 2014-09-11. Retrieved 2015-04-15.
- ^ 제주시홈페이지. www.jejusi.go.kr (in Korean). Retrieved 2024-06-14.
- ^ "KOSIS". kosis.kr. Retrieved 2019-03-17.
- ^ Yoon, Sun (2014). "Tectonic history of Jeju Island". Journal of the Geological Society of Korea. 50 (4). doi:10.14770/jgsk.2014.50.4.457.
- ^ "'The farmers' mind' is key to accomplishment". 헤드라인제주 (in Korean). 2012-01-29. Retrieved 2021-11-15.
- ^ "How to Get Around Jeju Island with Public Transit". Trazy Blog. 2021-03-09. Retrieved 2021-11-15.
- ^ "Contact Us." Jeju Air. Retrieved on 2010-03-05.
- ^ "print_jeju.html Archived 2010-06-12 at the Wayback Machine." Jeju Air. Retrieved on 2010-03-05.
- ^ "Route 12". www.jejuolle.org. Retrieved 2024-07-02.
- ^ "Jeju Olle Walking Festival (제주올레걷기축제)". VisitKorea.or.kr. Korea Tourism Organization. Retrieved 2024-06-03.
- ^ "The Marvelous Views of Udo Island". www.visitjeju.net (in Korean). Retrieved 2024-06-16.
- ^ 손, 승호, 우도 (牛島), Encyclopedia of Korean Culture (in Korean), Academy of Korean Studies, retrieved 2024-06-16
- ^ 곽, 명신 (August 2017), 제주 우도의 관광매력속성에 관한 방문객과 지역주민 간 지각차이 비교연구 (PDF), 제주대학교 경영대학원, p. 2
- ^ Redmond, John (2010-12-28). "Seongsan Sunrise Peak is a great place to celebrate New Year". The Korea Times. Retrieved 2024-06-25.
- ^ Yoo, Cheong-mo (December 26, 2019). "Seongsan Sunrise Festival to open on Jeju Island Monday". Yonhap News Agency. Retrieved June 25, 2024.
- ^ "Jeju Stone Park". www.visitjeju.net (in Korean). Retrieved 2024-07-09.
- ^ Kim, Hoo-ran (2014-05-02). "[Weekender] A singular vision realized". The Korea Herald. Retrieved 2024-07-09.
- ^ 국립제주박물관 (國立濟州博物館). Encyclopedia of Korean Culture (in Korean). Academy of Korean Studies. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
- ^ "Kimnyoung Maze Park". www.visitjeju.net. Retrieved 2023-12-11.
- ^ 한, 금실. 약천사 - 디지털서귀포문화대전. Encyclopedia of Korean Local Culture. Retrieved 2024-06-06.
- ^ "Yakchunsa Temple stay program". Archived from the original on 2016-03-26. Retrieved 2016-01-17.
- ^ "South Korea: Provinces and cities".
- ^ a b c d 순위값 - 구역별조회 (in Korean). Korea Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 4 April 2022.
- ^ a b c "Climatological Normals of Korea (1991 ~ 2020)" (PDF) (in Korean). Korea Meteorological Administration. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 January 2022. Retrieved 4 April 2022.
- ^ a b "Climatological Normals of Korea" (PDF). Korea Meteorological Administration. 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 December 2016. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
- ^ "Jeju Sea Temperature". seatemperature.org. Retrieved 3 April 2017.
- ^ "Jeju, South Korea - Climate data". Weather Atlas. Retrieved 3 April 2017.
- ^ 제주시소개 - 지리정보 면적 (in Korean). Jeju City homepage. Archived from the original on 2013-07-07. Retrieved 2008-08-15.
- ^ 일본 하다노시. jeju.go.kr (in Korean). Jeju Special Self-Governing Province. Retrieved 2020-04-15.
- ^ "Jeju, Südkorea". ulm.de (in German). Ulm. Retrieved 2020-04-15.
External links
edit
- City government website (in Korean)
- Jeju City at Encyclopedia of Korean Local Culture