Janeway lesions are rare, non-tender, small erythematous or haemorrhagic macular, papular or nodular lesions on the palms or soles only a few millimeters in diameter that are associated with infective endocarditis and often indistinguishable from Osler's nodes.[1][2]
| Janeway lesion | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Specialty | |
| Symptoms | Painless red flat papules on palms and soles. |
| Usual onset | Sudden |
| Duration | Days to weeks |
| Causes | Infective endocarditis |
| Differential diagnosis | Osler's nodes |
Definition
editJaneway lesions are painless, frequently haemorrhagic lesions seen most commonly on the palms and soles, particularly on the base of the thumb and little finger, and seen in infective endocarditis.[1]
Differential
editOsler's nodes and Janeway lesions are similar and point to the same diagnostic conclusion. The most significant difference between the two is that Osler's nodes present with tenderness, while Janeway lesions do not.[2] Osler's nodes are thought to be due to immunologic phenomenon where deposition of immune complexes provoke inflammatory response, leading to swelling, redness and pain. On the contrary, Janeway lesions are thought to be due to embolic phenomenon in cutaneous blood vessels of palms and soles which does not cause pain or least pain.[3][4]
Pathophysiology
editPathologically, the lesion is described to be a microabscess of the dermis with marked necrosis and inflammatory infiltrate not involving the epidermis.[2]
They are caused by septic emboli which deposit bacteria, forming microabscesses.[5] Organisms may be cultured from the lesions.[6]
Diagnosis
editJaneway lesions present as red, painless macules and papules on the palms and soles.[1]
They are not common and are frequently indistinguishable from Osler's nodes. Rarely, they have been reported in cases of systemic lupus erythematosis (SLE), gonococcemia (disseminated gonorrhoea), haemolytic anaemia and typhoid fever.[1]
They may last days to weeks before completely resolving.[1][7]
History
editJaneway lesions are named after Edward Janeway (1841–1911), a prominent American physician, pathologist and contemporary of Sir William Osler, who initially described "peculiar skin lesions" in some people with endocarditis, in a paper published in 1899. The term was first used by internist and pathologist Emanuel Libman, who reported the lesions in his paper of 1906 and explained his reasoning for using the term "Janeway lesions" in a footnote in 1923. Osler never mentioned Janeway lesions. The inclusion into Osler's 1925 textbook came six years after Osler died.[8]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c d e "Osler nodes and Janeway lesions | DermNet NZ". www.dermnetnz.org. Retrieved 2 October 2019.
- ^ a b c Farrior, J.B.; Silverman M.E. (1976). "A consideration of the differences between a Janeway's lesion and an Osler's node in infectious endocarditis". Chest. 70 (2): 239–243. doi:10.1378/chest.70.2.239. PMID 947688.
- ^ "Why Osler's Nodes are Painful while Janeway Lesions are Painless?". YouTube.
- ^ Misin, Andrea; Bella, Stefano Di; Priolo, Luigi; Luzzati, Roberto (2017). "Image of the month: 'Diagnostic hands': Janeway lesions". Clinical Medicine. 17 (4): 373–374. doi:10.7861/clinmedicine.17-4-373. ISSN 1470-2118. PMC 6297653. PMID 28765422.
- ^ Mandell, Douglas, Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases, 7th ed., Churchill Livingstone (2009).
- ^ Patterson, James W. (2016). "8. The Vasculopathic Reaction Pattern". Weedon's Skin Pathology (4th ed.). Churchill Livingston. pp. 239–240. ISBN 978-0-7020-5183-8.
- ^ Servy, Amandine; Valeyrie-Allanore, Laurence; Alla, François; Lechiche, Catherine; Nazeyrollas, Pierre; Chidiac, Christian; Hoen, Bruno; Chosidow, Olivier; Duval, Xavier (2014-05-01). "Prognostic Value of Skin Manifestations of Infective Endocarditis". JAMA Dermatology. 150 (5): 494–500. doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2013.8727. ISSN 2168-6068. PMID 24500311.
- ^ Jordan Prutkin; W. Bruce Fye (2006). "Edward G. Janeway, Clinician and Pathologist". Clinical Cardiology. 29 (8): 376–377. doi:10.1002/clc.4960290815. PMC 6654287. PMID 16933584.