James McCauley Landis (September 25, 1899 – July 30, 1964) was an American government official and legal adviser. He served as Chairman of the Securities and Exchange Commission from 1935 to 1937.
James M. Landis | |
|---|---|
 | |
| 5th Dean of Harvard Law School | |
| In office 1937–1946 | |
| Preceded by | Roscoe Pound |
| Succeeded by | Erwin Griswold |
| 2nd Chairman of the Securities and Exchange Commission | |
| In office September 23, 1935 – September 15, 1937 | |
| President | Franklin D. Roosevelt |
| Preceded by | Joseph P. Kennedy |
| Succeeded by | William O. Douglas |
| Member of the Securities and Exchange Commission | |
| In office June 30, 1934 – September 15, 1937 | |
| President | Franklin D. Roosevelt |
| Preceded by | Position established |
| Succeeded by | William O. Douglas |
| Commissioner of the Federal Trade Commission | |
| In office October 7, 1933 – June 30, 1934 | |
| Appointed by | Franklin D. Roosevelt |
| Preceded by | William E. Humphrey |
| Succeeded by | William Augustus Ayres |
| Personal details | |
| Born | September 25, 1899 Tokyo, Japan |
| Died | July 30, 1964 (aged 64) Harrison, New York, U.S. |
| Education | Princeton University (AB) Harvard University (LLB) |
Biography
editLandis was born in Tokyo, Japan, where his parents were teachers at a missionary school. After completing his studies at Mercersburg Academy in 1916, he graduated from Princeton University and in 1924 received a LL.B. from Harvard Law School, where he was a student of Felix Frankfurter. In 1925, Landis was a law clerk to Justice Louis Brandeis of the U.S. Supreme Court. He then became a professor at Harvard Law School, until called into government service during the New Deal.
Landis served as a member of the Federal Trade Commission (1933–1934), as a member of the Securities and Exchange Commission (1934–1937), and as chairman of the Securities and Exchange Commission (1935–1937).[1] He was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1938 and the American Philosophical Society in 1942.[2][3] While dean of the Harvard Law School from 1937 to 1946, Landis served as regional director of the U.S. Office of Civilian Defense (1941–1942) and then as its national director (1942–1943). He was removed from his position of dean following an affair he had with a secretary.[4] President Franklin D. Roosevelt sent him to Egypt as American Director of Economic Operations in the Middle East (1943–1945). In 1946, Roosevelt's successor, Harry S. Truman, later appointed him chairman of the Civil Aeronautics Board, a position he served until the next year. A friend of the Kennedy family for years, he served as a legal advisor to Joseph P. Kennedy and as Special Counsel to President John F. Kennedy. In 1960 he drafted the Landis Report to President-elect Kennedy, reexamining the federal regulatory commissions and recommending such reforms as strengthening the commissions' chairmen and streamlining their procedures, which the Kennedy administration adopted.
Landis failed to pay his income taxes from 1956 to 1960. After this came to light in 1963, he pleaded guilty and was sentenced to one month in jail. Because of illness, he spent the month in hospital facilities. Less than a year after he returned home, he suffered a heart attack and drowned in his swimming pool.
Works
edit- The Business of the Supreme Court, by James M. Landis and Felix Frankfurter (New York, 1928)
- The Administrative Process, by James M. Landis (New Haven, 1938)
Further reading
edit- McCraw, Thomas (1984). Prophets of Regulation: Charles Francis Adams, Louis D. Brandeis, James M. Landis, and Alfred Kahn. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0674716078.
- O'Brien, Justin (2014). The Triumph, Tragedy and Lost Legacy of James M. Landis: A Life on Fire. Portland, OR: Hart Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84946-617-2.
- Ritchie, Donald A. (1980). James M. Landis: Dean of the Regulators. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0674471717.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "ANNUAL REPORT OF THE FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED JUNE 30 1934" (PDF). Federal Trade Commission. Retrieved 2024-08-31.
- ^ "James McCauley Landis". American Academy of Arts & Sciences. 9 February 2023. Retrieved 2023-04-20.
- ^ "APS Member History". search.amphilsoc.org. Retrieved 2023-04-20.
- ^ Henry Friendly, Greatest Judge of his Era, p. 64
External links
edit- The Rise and Fall of SEC Pioneer James Landis (audio story from NPR)
- "Finding aid for James McCauley Landis, Papers, 1924-1945". Harvard Law School Library.
- www.law.harvard.edu/news/spotlight/classroom/related/hls-deans.html
- "Instant Sentence, Time, Friday, Sept. 06, 1963". September 6, 1963. Archived from the original on December 20, 2008.
- Newspaper clippings about James M. Landis in the 20th Century Press Archives of the ZBW