Isaac Saye Musa (also spelt Musah,[1] Mussah[2] or Mesahn;[3] died 2008) was a Liberian military official and politician. Musa was one of the top field commanders of National Patriotic Front of Liberia (NPFL) in the First Liberian Civil War. He served in government functions in the transitional governments during the 1990s. A noted loyalist of Charles Taylor, Musa would eventually fall out of favour with Taylor.
Hon. Isaac Musa | |
|---|---|
| Vice Chairman of the Council of State | |
| In office March 1994 – September 1995 | |
| Personal details | |
| Died | 2008 Monrovia, Liberia |
From AFL to NPFL
editMusa belonged to the Gio people.[4] He was an officer in the Armed Forces of Liberia in the early 1980s, reaching the rank of First Lieutenant of the Military Police.[5][6] He was detained for a period after the 1985 failed coup d'état attempt, and went into exile after being released.[5][6] He joined Charles Taylor's NPFL and received guerrilla training in Libya. Musa was part of the NPFL contingent that entered Liberia on December 24, 1989, sparking the outbreak of the First Liberian Civil War.[5] Within the NPFL Musa was named general for the NPFL forces, and acted as Battlegroup Commander at NPFL bases at Roberts International Airport and Kakata.[7][8] As of 1992 he served as the Joint Chief of Staff for the NPFL.[1]
In government
editOn October 20, 1993, NPFL named Musa as new vice chair of the Council of State (to become the executive branch of the Liberian National Transitional Government), replacing Dorothy Musuleng-Cooper.[9][7] The Council of State, with Musa as one of vice chairmen, was installed on March 7, 1994.[10][3][11]
Commenting on Musa's entry into the provisional presidency of the country, journalist Gabriel I. H. Williams argued that "[Musuleng-Cooper] was also replaced, as deputy chair of the state council by the NPFL's notorius battle group commander, Isaac Musa [...] Musa, one of the most feared NPFL warriors who prided in calling himself the "Red Devil," happened to be one of the most erratic persons around during the crisis."[12] Musa's arrival to the capital Monrovia was met with tensions from displaced communities from Nimba County.[4] As a Council of State member Musa repeatedly appealed for reconciliation of Nimba County communities.[4] Musa took part in the Akosombo peace negotiations later in 1994.[13] Musa remained in the Council until August 1995 when Taylor overtook the NPFL seat in the Council for himself.[7]
1997 elections and Second Civil War
editAfter the announcement of the results of the 1997 Liberian general election, Musa stormed the AFL Barclay Training Center barracks, threatening the (predominately Krahn) soldiers with an upcoming purge of AFL personnel from the Ministry of Defense.[14][15] The ECOMOG peace-keeping force protested against the incident, and (now President-elect) Taylor reprimanded Musa for the action.[14] Musa was detained in Monrovia by Taylor for a period, court-martialed accused of having killed a member of Taylor's Mansion Guard.[16][12] Musa received legal aid from the Justice and Peace Commission.[12]
Musa was a member of the legislature during the second National Transitional Government of Liberia.[2]
Death
editMusa died at the John F. Kennedy Memorial Hospital in 2008.[5] Isaac Musa was listed, along with 22 others, as "Dead Perpetrators" by the Liberian Truth and Reconciliation Commission (LTRC), presented by the Commission as 'perpetrators who the LTRC [determined] were responsible for various forms of human rights abuses [...] and war crimes but died before the conclusion of the LTRC.'[13]
References
edit- ^ a b Margaret A. Vogt (1992). The Liberian Crisis and ECOMOG: A Bold Attempt at Regional Peace Keeping. Gabumo Pub. p. 318. ISBN 9789780100483. Archived from the original on April 18, 2023. Retrieved March 3, 2023.
- ^ a b D.Elwood Dunn (May 4, 2011). The Annual Messages of the Presidents of Liberia 1848–2010: State of the Nation Addresses to the National Legislature. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 1858–. ISBN 978-3-598-44169-1. Archived from the original on April 18, 2023. Retrieved March 3, 2023.
- ^ a b Joseph Saye Guannu. Liberian Civics Archived April 8, 2023, at the Wayback Machine. Herald Publishing, 2004. p. 89
- ^ a b c Stephen Ellis (September 2006). The Mask of Anarchy Updated Edition: The Destruction of Liberia and the Religious Dimension of an African Civil War. NYU Press. p. 140. ISBN 978-0-8147-2238-1. Archived from the original on April 18, 2023. Retrieved March 3, 2023.
- ^ a b c d The Inquirer Liberia: Isaac Musa is Dead Archived June 12, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b Robert Kappel, Werner Korte. Human Rights Violations in Liberia, 1980-1990: A Documentation Archived April 18, 2023, at the Wayback Machine. Informationszentrum Afrika, 1990. p. 286
- ^ a b c Ichiro Mashima. リベリア内戦史資料（1989～1997) Archived March 8, 2023, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Bayo Ogunleye (1995). Behind Rebel Line: Anatomy of Charles Taylor's Hostage Camps. Delta of Nigeria. pp. 11, 94. ISBN 9789782335890. Archived from the original on April 18, 2023. Retrieved March 3, 2023.
- ^ Janet Fleischman. Human Rights and The Civil War in Liberia Archived February 20, 2023, at the Wayback Machine. Liberian Studies Journal, 1994
- ^ The Inquirer. New Government Takes Seat In Liberia Archived February 20, 2023, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Elwood D. Dunn; Amos J. Beyan; Carl Patrick Burrowes (December 20, 2000). Historical Dictionary of Liberia. Scarecrow Press. p. 74. ISBN 978-1-4616-5931-0. Archived from the original on April 18, 2023. Retrieved March 3, 2023.
- ^ a b c Gabriel I. H. Williams (2002). Liberia: The Heart of Darkness : Accounts of Liberia's Civil War and Its Destabilizing Effects in West Africa. Trafford. pp. 180, 287. ISBN 978-1-55369-294-2. Archived from the original on April 18, 2023. Retrieved March 3, 2023.
- ^ a b Edmund Hogan (December 13, 2021). Liberia's First Civil War: A Narrative History. Routledge. pp. 188, 238, 241, 243, 247. ISBN 978-1-00-048570-7. Archived from the original on April 18, 2023. Retrieved March 3, 2023.
- ^ a b Africa Confidential, Volumes 38-39 Archived April 18, 2023, at the Wayback Machine. Miramoor Publications Limited, 1997. p. 11
- ^ Human Rights Watch: A, Volume 9. Human Rights Watch, 1997. p. 25
- ^ Afriche, Volume 8, Issue 33 - Volume 9, Issue 36 Archived April 18, 2023, at the Wayback Machine. p. 25