The secretary of state of Illinois is one of the six elected executive state offices of the government of Illinois, and one of the 47 secretaries of state in the United States. The Illinois secretary of state keeps the state records, laws, library, and archives, and is the state's corporation registration, vehicle registration and driver licensing authority. The current secretary of state is Alexi Giannoulias, a Democrat who took office in 2023.
| Secretary of State of Illinois | |
|---|---|
 | |
.jpg) | |
| Term length | 4 years, unlimited term |
| Inaugural holder | Elias Kane |
| Formation | 1818 |
| Website | Official Website |
Powers and duties
editThe secretary of state, in accordance with the state constitution, is keeper of the official acts of the General Assembly, the official records of the executive branch, and the Great Seal of Illinois.[1] These duties have remained unchanged since Illinois became a U.S. state in 1818.[2] The secretary also registers corporations and lobbyists, commissions notaries public, and regulates the securities industry, among connected responsibilities.[3][4][5]
The secretary of state performs other duties prescribed by law. For instance, the secretary oversees the state archives and the state library. The State Archives serves as the official depository of state agency and local government records that possess administrative, legal, or historic research value.[6] The State Library houses more than 5,000,000 items, and other informational resources, and oversees a consortium of academic and regional libraries in the state.[7] In addition, the secretary is the custodian of the Illinois State Capitol and all state buildings.[8]
By statute, the secretary of state is also tasked with issuing licenses to Illinois drivers and registering motor vehicles operated in the state, effectively making the secretary of state's office the department of motor vehicles, though that phrase is not used in Illinois.[9][10] Enforcement of these duties has made the secretary of state's office a key bureau in the enforcement of laws against driving under the influence.[11] Illinois is one of only three states to put the secretary of state in charge of motor vehicle registration, the other two being Maine and Michigan.
Aside from routine responsiblilities, the secretary of state is third (behind the lieutenant governor and attorney general, respectively) in the line of succession to the office of Governor of Illinois.[12][13]
Police
editSecretary of State Police
editThe Secretary of State Police of Illinois is a statewide police force, established in 1913; it is responsible for enforcing the laws of the Illinois Vehicle Code such as regulating businesses involved with the sale of motor vehicles and vehicle parts. Its main purpose is to protect consumers against fraud through adherence to state statutes.
The Secretary of State Police also investigates identity theft, maintains statewide vehicle inspection stations, investigates statewide vehicle thefts, provides statewide school bus regulation, enforces traffic and parking violations and provides law enforcement to all secretary of state facilities.[14]
Illinois State Capitol Police
editThe Secretary of State Police also maintains the Illinois State Capitol Police, responsible for policing the Illinois State Capitol Complex in Springfield, including both the Capitol and 16 surrounding state buildings. The force was created following a 2004 incident in which an unarmed security guard was shot and killed.[15][16] The force has an authorised strength of 60 officers.[17]
Facilities
editThe secretary of state's office occupies three buildings of the Illinois State Capitol Complex in Springfield. Many of the secretary of state's workers assigned to motor vehicle and licensing duties work in the Howlett Building, south of the Capitol. The Howlett Building is named after former secretary of state Michael Howlett. The State Archives are housed in the Norton Building, southwest of the Capitol. The Illinois State Library is located in the Brooks Library, east of the Capitol, which is named for longtime state Poet Laureate Gwendolyn Brooks, winner of the Pulitzer Prize in 1950.
In addition, the secretary of state operates 136 Driver Services license-issuing facilities statewide and maintains its own police force. Established in 1913, their duties include enforcement of the Illinois Vehicle Code on businesses regulated by the secretary of state and maintaining public safety, traffic control and assisting other law enforcement agencies.
Officeholders
editThe secretary of state, to be eligible to take the oath of office, must be a United States citizen of at least 25 years of age, and a resident of Illinois for at least three years preceding the election.
On January 9, 2023, Jesse White, a Democrat, completed his sixth term as the 37th secretary of state, the first African-American in the position and by far longest-serving secretary in Illinois history. Before being elected Secretary of State in November 1998, White had been an elected office-holder from Chicago since 1974. White, who decided to retire at the end of his sixth term at the age of 88, was succeeded by Alexi Giannoulias, who won the 2022 election and became the 38th secretary.
The secretary of state before White was George Ryan, a Republican from Kankakee, Illinois. He held the office from 1991 to 1999, when he became Governor of Illinois. Ryan's tenure as secretary of state led to his downfall in the "licenses for bribes" scandal: after a major automobile accident in Wisconsin that killed six children, investigators discovered that unqualified truck drivers were receiving drivers licenses in exchange for bribes. Ryan chose not to run for re-election in 2002, and in 2006, he was convicted of fraud, including using his authority as secretary of state to end his office's internal investigation after it discovered the scheme.
This is a list of all the people who have served as Illinois Territorial Secretary[18] and people who have served as Illinois Secretary of State.[19]
| # | Image | Name | Term | Party |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  |
Nathaniel Pope | 1809-1816 | Democratic-Republican |
| 2 | Joseph Phillips | 1816–1818 | Democratic-Republican | |
| 1 |  |
Elias Kane | 1818–1822 | Democratic-Republican |
| 2 |  |
Samuel D. Lockwood | 1822–1823 | Democratic-Republican |
| 3 | David Blackwell | 1823–1824 | Democratic-Republican | |
| 4 | Morris Birkbeck | 1824–1825 | Democratic-Republican | |
| 5 | George Forquer | 1825–1828 | Democratic-Republican | |
| 6 | Alexander Pope Field | 1829–1840 | Democratic | |
| 7 |  |
Stephen A. Douglas | 1840–1841 | Democratic |
| 8 |  |
Lyman Trumbull | 1841–1843 | Democratic |
| 9 |  |
Thompson Campbell | 1843–1846 | Democratic |
| 10 | Horace S. Cooley | 1846–1850 | Democratic | |
| 11 |  |
David L. Gregg | 1850–1853 | Democratic |
| 12 | Alexander Starne | 1853–1857 | Democratic | |
| 13 |  |
Ozias M. Hatch | 1857–1865 | Republican |
| 14 | Sharon Tyndale | 1865–1869 | Republican | |
| 15 | Edward Rummel | 1869–1873 | Republican | |
| 16 | George H. Harlow | 1873–1881 | Republican | |
| 17 | Henry D. Dement | 1881–1889 | Republican | |
| 18 |  |
Isaac N. Pearson | 1889–1893 | Republican |
| 19 | .jpg) |
William H. Hinrichsen | 1893–1897 | Democratic |
| 20 | .png) |
James A. Rose | 1897–1912 | Republican |
| 21 | Cornelius J. Doyle | 1912–1913 | Republican | |
| 22 |  |
Harry Woods | 1913–1914 | Democratic |
| 23 |  |
Lewis Stevenson | 1914–1917 | Democratic |
| 24 | .jpg) |
Louis Lincoln Emmerson | 1917–1929 | Republican |
| 25 | .jpg) |
William J. Stratton | 1929–1933 | Republican |
| 26 |  |
Edward J. Hughes | 1933–1944 | Democratic |
| 27 | Richard Yates Rowe | 1944–1945 | Republican | |
| 28 | .jpg) |
Edward J. Barrett | 1945–1953 | Democratic |
| 29 | .jpg) |
Charles F. Carpentier | 1953–1964 | Republican |
| 30 | William H. Chamberlain | 1964–1965 | Democratic | |
| 31 | .jpg) |
Paul Powell | 1965–1970 | Democratic |
| 32 |  |
John W. Lewis Jr. | 1970–1973 | Republican |
| 33 |  |
Michael Howlett | 1973–1977 | Democratic |
| 34 |  |
Alan J. Dixon | 1977–1981 | Democratic |
| 35 | .jpg) |
Jim Edgar | 1981–1991 | Republican |
| 36 | .JPG) |
George Ryan | 1991–1999 | Republican |
| 37 |  |
Jesse White | 1999–2023 | Democratic |
| 38 | |
Alexi Giannoulias | 2023–present | Democratic |
Seal of Illinois
editThe official motto of the state of Illinois is "State Sovereignty - National Union". The Illinois secretary of state in 1867, Sharon Tyndale, as the keeper of the Great Seal of Illinois, had it re-engraved so that the word "sovereignty" was upside down. This 1867 seal redesign continues in use to this day, and can be seen, among other places, as the principal device on the flag of Illinois.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Article V, Section 16, Illinois Constitution". Illinois General Assembly. Retrieved February 19, 2023.
- ^ "Departments". Office of the Illinois Secretary of State. Retrieved February 19, 2023.
- ^ "Business Services". Office of the Illinois Secretary of State. Retrieved February 19, 2023.
- ^ "About the Index Department". Office of the Illinois Secretary of State. Retrieved February 19, 2023.
- ^ "About the Securities Department". Office of the Illinois Secretary of State. Retrieved February 19, 2023.
- ^ "About the Illinois State Archives". Office of the Illinois Secretary of State. Retrieved February 19, 2023.
- ^ "About the Illinois State Library". Office of the Illinois Secretary of State. Retrieved February 19, 2023.
- ^ "Physical Services". Office of the Illinois Secretary of State. Retrieved February 19, 2023.
- ^ "Driver Services". Office of the Illinois Secretary of State. Retrieved February 19, 2023.
- ^ "About the Vehicle Services Department". Office of the Illinois Secretary of State. Retrieved February 19, 2023.
- ^ "About the Secretary of State Police". Office of the Illinois Secretary of State. Retrieved February 19, 2023.
- ^ "Constitution of the State of Illinois". Illinois General Assembly. Retrieved August 22, 2019.
- ^ "Illinois Compiled Statutes 15 ILCS 5 — Governor Succession Act". Illinois General Assembly. Retrieved August 23, 2019.
- ^ Secretary of State Official Website http://www.cyberdriveillinois.com/departments/police/mission.html
- ^ O'Connor, John (25 May 2011). "Capitol police short-handed". Daily Herald. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
- ^ "Man held after guard killed at Ill. Capitol". NBC News. 20 September 2004. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
- ^ Finke, Doug (26 October 2019). "2004 shooting led to boost in Illinois Capitol security". Journal Star. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
- ^ Howlett, Michael J. (August 1977). Keepers of the Seal: a History of the Secretaries of State of Illinois and How Their Office Grew. Springfield: State of Illinois.
- ^ Kestenbaum, Lawrence. "The Political Graveyard: Illinois: Secretaries of State". politicalgraveyard.com. Retrieved 2018-07-29.