Howard Jay Phillips (February 3, 1941 – April 20, 2013) was an American politician and activist. A political conservative, Phillips was a United States presidential candidate who served as the chairman of The Conservative Caucus, a conservative public policy advocacy group which he founded in 1974. Phillips was a founding member of the U.S. Taxpayers Party, which later became known as the Constitution Party.
Howard Phillips | |
|---|---|
 Phillips in 2008 | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Howard Jay Phillips February 3, 1941 Boston, Massachusetts, U.S. |
| Died | April 20, 2013 (aged 72) Vienna, Virginia, U.S. |
| Political party | Republican (before 1974) Democratic (1974–1991) Constitution (1991–2013) |
| Spouse | Peggy Blanchard (1964–2013) |
| Children | 6, including Doug |
| Alma mater | Harvard University |
| Website | Official website |
Personal life
editPhillips was born into a Jewish family in Boston in 1941,[1] Phillips converted to evangelical Christianity as an adult in the 1970s[2][3][4] and was subsequently associated with Christian Reconstructionism.[5]
A 1962 graduate of Harvard College in Cambridge, Massachusetts, he was twice elected chairman of the Student Council, and was lauded by "The Cross and the Flag," a Ku Klux Klan magazine, for his "patriotic" ideological bent. Phillips publicly and immediately disavowed the Klan.[6] Phillips was also president of Policy Analysis, Inc.,[7] a public policy research organization which publishes the bimonthly Issues and Strategy Bulletin.
Phillips resided in Fairfax County, Virginia in the Washington, D.C., suburbs with his wife, the former Margaret "Peggy" Blanchard.
Republican years
editDuring the Nixon Administration, Phillips headed two federal agencies, ending his Executive Branch career as director of the U.S. Office of Economic Opportunity (OEO) in the Executive Office of the President for five months in 1973, a position from which he resigned when U.S. President Richard M. Nixon reneged on his commitment to veto further funding for Great Society programs begun in the administration of Nixon's predecessor, Democrat Lyndon B. Johnson.[8][9]
Nixon's appointment of Phillips as Acting Director of OEO in January 1973 touched off a national controversy culminating in a court case in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia (Williams v. Phillips, 482 F.2d 669) challenging the legality of Phillips' appointment, since the statute establishing the office did not specifically establish a presidential right to make an interim appointment (one not confirmed by the Senate) under the existing circumstances. The Court ruled (and the 2nd Circuit subsequently affirmed) that the President had no right to make the interim appointment and voided it, declaring his time in it to have been illegal.[10]
Formation of the Conservative Caucus
editPhillips left the Republican Party in 1974 after some two decades of service to the GOP as precinct worker, election warden, campaign manager, congressional aide, Boston municipal Republican chairman, and assistant to the chairman of the Republican National Committee. In 1970, he was the Republican nominee for Massachusetts's 6th congressional district. In 1978, Phillips finished fourth in the Democratic primary for the U.S. Senate in Massachusetts.[4]
In 1974, Phillips founded the Conservative Caucus, a nationwide, grass-roots public policy advocacy group.[4][11] The group opposed the 1978 Panama Canal treaties and the Jimmy Carter-Leonid Brezhnev SALT II treaties in 1979, supported the Strategic Defense Initiative and major tax reductions during the 1980s, and fought to end Federal subsidies to activist groups under the banner of "defunding the Left."[8]
The fight against Baker was not Phillips' first clash with Reagan. In 1981, he had joined other conservatives, including the Reverend Jerry Falwell, in opposing the nomination of Sandra Day O'Connor to the United States Supreme Court. According to Phillips, "People say you can't tell how a Supreme Court nominee will turn out once on the bench. I respectfully disagree. In most cases, it's very clear. I opposed the nomination of Sandra Day O'Connor because it was very clear that she had a pro-abortion record in the Arizona State Senate and as a judge in Arizona. She was also allied with Planned Parenthood."[8][12] In 1990, Phillips opposed the first President Bush's nomination of David Souter of New Hampshire to the high court.[8] Phillips said that he opposed Souter because "I read his senior thesis at Harvard in which he said he was a legal positivist and one of his heroes was Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr., and that he rejected all higher law theories, such as those spelled out in our Declaration of Independence. In addition, he was a trustee of two hospitals: Dartmouth Hitchcock and Concord Memorial. He successfully changed the policy of those two hospitals from zero abortion to convenience abortion."[12]
Other Conservative Caucus campaigns have involved opposition to the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the World Trade Organization, support for a national version of California's Proposition 187 (to end mandated subsidies for illegal aliens), as well as continuing efforts to oppose publicly funded health care, abortion and gay rights.[13] Phillips was the host of Conservative Roundtable, a weekly public affairs television program.
Role in formation of the New Right
editPhillips played an instrumental role in the leadership of the New Right, and in the founding of the religious right in the 1970s.[8] He worked with fellow conservatives Paul Weyrich of The Heritage Foundation and both former Christian Voice co-activists Richard Viguerie and Terry Dolan to persuade the Reverend Jerry Falwell to form the Moral Majority, and helped Judie Brown form the American Life League.[8]
Later, Phillips continued to support the New Right by helping found the Council for National Policy with Dr. Tim LaHaye.[14][15][16]
U.S. Taxpayers Party/Constitution Party
editPhillips was one of the founders of the U.S. Taxpayers Party (which changed its name to the Constitution Party in 1999), a third party associated with conservative, anti-abortion issues, and constitutional government ideas on both social and fiscal issues.[11] He was that party's presidential candidate in the 1992, 1996 and 2000 elections for U.S. president.[4][17]
Presidential campaigns
editPhillips first campaigned for president in 1992, as an independent. He refused to support the re-election of Republican George H. W. Bush or Democratic challenger Bill Clinton. He finished in seventh place in the popular vote. The campaign received 43,369 votes for 0.04% of the total vote.[18]
Phillips was chosen by an overwhelming majority of delegates at the National Convention of the U.S. Taxpayers Party, in San Diego, California, on August 17, 1996, to serve as its presidential candidate in the 1996 election. Phillips finished sixth, with 184,656 votes, for 0.19% of the total vote.[19]
In the 2000 U.S presidential election, Phillips received 98,020 votes for 0.1% of the total vote and a sixth-place finish.[20]
Death
editPhillips died at his home in Vienna, Virginia, on April 20, 2013, at the age of 72 after a battle with frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer's disease.[3][4] A private service was held on April 29, 2013[8] with Chuck Baldwin, the 2008 Constitution Party presidential nominee, officiating.[21]
Writings
edit- The New Right at Harvard (1983)
- Moscow's Challenge to U.S. Vital Interests in Sub-Saharan Africa (1987)
- The Next Four Years (1992)
- Judicial Tyranny: The New Kings of America? (Amerisearch, 2005) ISBN 0-9753455-6-7 – contributing author
References
edit- ^ Profile of Howard Phillips Archived March 19, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, Ontheissues.org
- ^ Simon, Barbara "Strange Bedfellows: Jews, Apostates, and the Christian Right" Archived May 10, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, Reform Judaism. Winter 1996.
- ^ a b "Political activist Howard Phillips dies". Washington Times. Archived from the original on December 22, 2018. Retrieved April 22, 2013.
- ^ a b c d e Weber, Bruce (April 23, 2013) "Howard J. Phillips, Stalwart Conservative, Dies at 72" Archived January 16, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times. Retrieved April 24, 2013.
- ^ Hudson, Deal (2008). Onward, Christian Soldiers: The Growing Political Power of Catholics and Evangelicals in the United States. Simon & Schuster. p. 82. ISBN 9781416565895. Archived from the original on January 20, 2023. Retrieved June 16, 2015.
- ^ "The Crimson Klan | Magazine | the Harvard Crimson". Archived from the original on March 31, 2021. Retrieved March 31, 2021.
- ^ Phillips, Howard; Barton, Randolph P., 1984-05-14 Memorandum for Helen Gombert
- ^ a b c d e f g Smith, Peter Jesserer (May 6, 2013) "Catholics Bid Farewell to Pro-Life Lion Howard Phillips" Archived May 2, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, National Catholic Register. Retrieved May 6, 2013.
- ^ Chamberlain, John (August 3, 1974) "Some Conservatives Turn Against Nixon" Archived April 29, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Milwaukee Sentinel. Retrieved May 6, 2013
- ^ Circuit, District of Columbia (1973). "482 F2d 669 Williams v. J Phillips". OpenJurist. p. 669. Archived from the original on December 8, 2012. Retrieved April 22, 2013.
- ^ a b Black, Chris (September 25, 1992) "Political activist loses to win Conservative takes defeats in stride in effort to build national antitax party", Boston Globe. Retrieved May 6, 2013.
- ^ a b Flynn, Dan "Interview with Howard Phillips by Dan Flynn". Flynnfiles.com. Archived from the original on January 3, 2012. Retrieved April 22, 2013.
- ^ "Howard Phillips Biography". www.conservativeusa.net. Retrieved September 11, 2024.
- ^ Leaming, Jeremy; Boston, Rob. "Who Is The Council For National Policy And What Are They Up To? And Why Don't They Want You To Know?". Americans United. Archived from the original on May 2, 2009. Retrieved December 31, 2018.
- ^ "Council for National Policy". NNDB. Archived from the original on December 27, 2018. Retrieved December 31, 2018.
- ^ "A History of Accomplishments". The Conservative Caucus. Archived from the original on January 5, 2019. Retrieved January 5, 2019.
- ^ Kazin, Michael; Edwards, Rebecca; Rothman, Adam (2009). The Princeton Encyclopedia of American Political History. Princeton University Press. p. 196. ISBN 9781400833566.
- ^ "1992 Presidential General Election Results" Archived August 3, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, uselectionatlas.org.
- ^ "1996 Presidential General Election Results" Archived January 15, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, uselectionatlas.org
- ^ "2000 Official Presidential General Election Results" Archived September 12, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, www.fec.gov
- ^ "Chuck Baldwin, "A Great Man Has Fallen"". renewamerica.com. Archived from the original on May 10, 2013. Retrieved April 26, 2013.
External links
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