Hooligan firms (also known as football firms) are groups that participate in football hooliganism in European countries. For groups in Latin America, see barra brava and torcida organizada.
Belgium
- Club Brugge – East Side[1]
- RSC Anderlecht – O Side[1]
- Royal Antwerp F.C. – X Side[2]
Bosnia and Herzegovina
- FK Sarajevo – Horde Zla[3]
- FK Željezničar Sarajevo – The Maniacs[4]
- FK Velež – Red Army Mostar
- FK Borac Banja Luka – Lešinari
- NK Široki Brijeg – Škripari
- HŠK Zrinjski – Ultras Mostar
- FK Sloboda Tuzla – Fukare Tuzla
- NK Čelik Zenica – Robijaši
- NK Jedinstvo Bihać – Sila Nebeska
- FK Slavija Sarajevo – Sokolovi
Bulgaria
- Levski Sofia – Sector B
- CSKA Sofia – Sector G
- Botev Plovdiv – Bultras
- Lokomotiv Plovdiv – Lauta Army
- Cherno More Varna – The Sailors
- Spartak Varna – The Falcons
- Neftochimic Burgas – The Sheiks
- Minyor Pernik – The Hammers
- Beroe Stara Zagora – Zara Boys
Croatia
- Dinamo Zagreb – Bad Blue Boys[5]
- Hajduk Split – Torcida Split, White Boys[6]
- Osijek – Kohorta Osijek
- Rijeka – Armada Rijeka[7]
Czech Republic
- Baník Most – Brüx Vandals, Radical Boys[8]
- Baník Ostrava – Silesian Hunters,[9] Apple Commando,[10] Thor Division,[11] BARABI, Marienbad Ultras[8]
- Bohemians 1905 – Berserk,[12] Tornado Boys[8]
- Dukla Prague – Young Hunters[13]
- Dynamo České Budějovice – Brigade Gauners[8]
- Jablonec – Corps Juniors[8]
- SFC Opava – Chalupáři,[14] Young Boys,[14] Bulldog Corps[8]
- Sigma Olomouc – NSC 88, Tarzan Boys Olomouc, Hooligans Hovada Zubr,[15] Ultras Nové Sady, Zubr Gang Prerov[8]
- Slavia Prague – Youngsters,[16] Brigate 97,[17] Slavia Hooligans, Tlupa Toma Sojera, RWS[8]
- Slovan Liberec – Kategorie S, Ultras Liberec, D.B.S.[8]
- Sparta Prague – Prague Boys,[18][19] Youth Firm,[20] Falanga,[21] Brigade Drápek z Lasičky, Ultras Sparta, Red Pirates Sparta, Frakce Rudý Úder[8]
- Teplice – Division Nord, North Warriors[8]
- Viktoria Plzeň – Service Squad,[22] Blue-Red Wolves Plzeň, Pilsen Bo!s, Radikálové Plzeň, Pilsen Fans[8]
- Viktoria Žižkov – Ultras Viktoria[8]
- Zbrojovka Brno – Division S, Johny Kentus Gang,[23] Orthodox Fans Brno, Torcida, Ultras[8]
Denmark
- AGF – White Pride,[24] Aarhus Casuals[25]
- Aab – Aalborg Frontline, Aalborg Casual Youth[26]
- Esbjerg fB – Esbjerg Supras[27]
- F.C. København – Copenhagen Casuals,[28] Copenhagen Casuals Young Boys[29]
- Lyngby Boldklub – Blue Army[30]
- Randers FC – Randers Casual Youth[31]
England
- AFC Bournemouth – Bournemouth Casual Element[32]
- Aldershot Town – A Company[33]
- Arsenal – The Gooners, The Edecaws[34]
- Aston Villa – Villa Youth, Steamers, Villa Hardcore, C-Crew[35]
- Birmingham City – Zulu Warriors[36]
- Blackburn Rovers – Blackburn Youth,[37] Darwen Mob, H Division, Mill Hill Mob[38]
- Blackpool – The Muckers[37]
- Bolton Wanderers – Cuckoo Boys, Boltons Service Youth[39]
- Bradford City – The Ointment[40][41]
- Brentford – Ealing Road Army, Brentford Youth Element[42]
- Bristol City – City Service Firm, Family Stand Ointment[43]
- Bristol Rovers – Gas Hit Squad[43]
- Burnley – Suicide Squad[44]
- Bury – Interchange Riot Squad[45]
- Carlisle United – Border City Firm[46]
- Charlton Athletic – Cockney Firestarters, B Mob Charlton Youth Casuals[47]
- Chelsea – Headhunters[48]
- Chester – 125's[49]
- Coventry City – The Legion[50]
- Crystal Palace – Dirty 30,[51] Holmesdale Fanatics.
- Derby County – Derby Lunatic Fringe[52]
- Everton – County Road Cutters[53]
- F.C. Halifax Town - Halifax Youth[54]
- Grimsby Town – Cleethorpes Beach Patrol, Grimsby Hit Squad[55]
- Hartlepool United – Blue Order, North West Corner (NWC)
- Huddersfield Town – Huddersfield Young Casuals[56]
- Hull City – Hull City Psychos[57]
- Ipswich Town – Ipswich Punishment Squad, Blue Action[58][59]
- Leeds United – Leeds United Service Crew[60]
- Leicester City – Baby Squad[61]
- Lincoln City – Lincoln Transit Elite[62]
- Liverpool – The Urchins, R.R.S. Runcorn Riot Squad[63]
- Luton Town – The MIGs, Lutonistan, Lutonlees Bury Park Boys[64]
- Manchester City – Blazing Squad,[65] Cool Cats,[66] Guvnors,[67] Mayne Line Service Crew[68]
- Manchester United – The Red Army,[69] Men In Black,[70] Inter City Jibbers[71]
- Mansfield Town – Mansfield Shady Express[72]
- Middlesbrough – The Frontline[73]
- Millwall – Bushwackers[74]
- Newcastle United – Newcastle Gremlins,[75] The New Batch
- Nottingham Forest – Forest Executive Crew[76]
- Norwich City – Norwich Hit Squad, Under 5's[77]
- Oldham Athletic – Fine Young Casuals[78]
- Oxford United – South Midlands Hit Squad[79]
- Peterborough United – Blue Division[80]
- Plymouth Argyle – The Central Element[81]
- Portsmouth – 6.57 Crew[82]
- Preston North End – Preston Para Squad[83]
- Queens Park Rangers – Bushbabies[84]
- Reading FC – Reading Youth Firm[85]
- Shrewsbury Town – English Border Front[84]
- Sheffield United – Blades Business Crew[86][87]
- Sheffield Wednesday – Owls Crime Squad (OCS), Is That It (ITI)[88]
- Southampton – The Uglies, Inside Crew, Scum Army[89][90]
- Southend United – CS Crew[91]
- Stockport County — EVF (Edgeley Volunteer Force)[84]
- Stoke City —Naughty Forty[92]
- Sunderland – The Seaburn Casuals[93]
- Swindon Town – The Aggro Boys; Swindon Active Service (SAS)[94]
- Tottenham Hotspur – Yid Army, Tottenham Massive, Spurs N17[65][95]
- Tranmere Rovers – TSB (Tranmere Stanley Boys)[96]
- Port Vale – Vale Lunatic Fringe[97]
- West Bromwich Albion – Section Five[98]
- Watford – Watford Risk Squad[99]
- West Ham United – Inter City Firm I.C.F[100]
- Wolverhampton Wanderers – Subway Army 1981–1984, The Bridge Boys 1987–1988, Yam Yam Army mid 2000s–present[101]
- York City – York Nomad Society (YNS)[102]
Finland
France
- Paris Saint-Germain F.C. – Commando Pirate,[107] Casual Firm, Indépendants[108][109]
- Lille OSC – LOSC Army[110]
- Olympique Lyonnais – Mezza Lyon[111]
Germany
- Borussia Dortmund – Frontline, Northside[112]
- Chemnitzer FC – HooNaRa[113]
- Dynamo Dresden – Hooligans Elbflorenz,[114] Faust des Ostens[115]
- Eintracht Frankfurt – Adlerfront[116]
- 1. FSV Mainz 05 – Mz-Army '84[117]
Greece
- PAOK - Gate 4
- Olympiacos - Gate 7
- Aris - Super3
- Panathinaikos - Gate 13
- AEK Athens - Original 21
- Asteras Tripolis - Tigers Ultras
- Lamia - Fadomades
- Panetolikos - Warriors
- OFI Crete - Gate 4 Heraklion
- Panserraikos - Che Guevara Club
- Volos - Gate 2
- Levadiakos - Gate 1
- Atromitos - Fentagin
- AEL - Monsters
- Iraklis - Autonomous Gate 10
- Ilioupoli - Rebels 9
- Kalamata - Gate 5
- Niki Volos - Gate 3
Hungary
- Ferencvárosi TC – Kettes szektor (2nd Sector)[118]
Indonesia
- Arema F.C. – Curva Sud Arema
- Bali United F.C. – North Side Boys 12
- Persebaya Surabaya – Green Nord 27[119]
- Persib Bandung – Northern Wall, Flowers City Casuals[120]
- Persija Jakarta – Curva Sud Persija, Tiger Bois
- Persikabo 1973 – Ultras Persikabo Curva Sud
- Persis Solo – Surakartans 1923, Ultras 1923
- PSIS Semarang – Hooligans 1932
- PSS Sleman – Brigata Curva Sud
- Sriwijaya F.C. – Ultras Palembang
Israel
Kosovo
Malaysia
- National Team – Malaysia Casual[127]
Clubs[128]
- Johor Darul Ta'zim F.C. – Inter Johor Firm
- Selangor F.C. – Left Side Elite
- Kedah Darul Aman F.C. – Grelow Bad Kasual
- Kelantan F.C. – Kelantan Casual
- Kuala Lumpur City F.C. – Kuala Lumpur Casual
- Negeri Sembilan F.C. – Blood Militia 427
- Perak F.C. – Inter City Firm
- Sabah F.C. – North Borneo Firm
- Sri Pahang F.C. – Darul Makmur Elite
- Terengganu F.C. – Coastal City Lads
Montenegro
- FK Budućnost – Varvari[129]
- FK Berane - Streetboys[130]
Netherlands
- ADO Den Haag – Midden Noord, North Side, Vak-G[131]
- AFC Ajax – A.F.C.A, F-Side, AFCA Youth, AFCA 4th, North Up Alliance, South Crew VAK410[132][133]
- AZ – Ben-Side, Red White Fanatics/Alkmaar Fanatics[134][135]
- De Graafschap – Brigata Tifosi, Spinnenkop[136]
- PEC Zwolle – S-Side, Vandas noord, Zwolle Joet[137]
- FC Dordrecht – Island defenders, Dikeside[138]
- FC Groningen – Groningen Fanatics, Z-Side[139]
- FC Twente – Vak-P[140]
- FC Utrecht – Bunnikside, UHF[141]
- Feyenoord – U.D.F,[142] DeF, SCF, FIIIR, Vak-S[143][144]
- Helmond Sport – AA-Side, NFH Hsh/Hyc[140]
- MVV Maastricht – Angel-Side, Ultras Mestreech[145]
- NAC Breda – B-Side, F7 Ultras, Vak-G[146]
- NEC – HKN, Eastside[147]
- PSV – L-Side, Lighttown Madness, Oostfront[148]
- SC Cambuur – M.I.-Side[149]
- SC Heerenveen – Nieuw Noord[150]
- Sparta Rotterdam – Spangenaren, Tifosi del Castello[151]
- Vitesse – Rijnfront, Vak126[152]
- Willem II – Kingside, Tilburg Tifosi[153]
Norway
- Aalesunds FK / SPK Rollon – Blue Army Aalesund / Blue Army Rollon[154]
- Fredrikstad FK – Brigade Rød Hvit (BRH) CCTV Firm, Red Beavers.[155]
- Ham-Kam – Briskebys Beste Borgere (BBB)[156]
- I.K. Start – Christianssands Herreekvipasje (CHE)[157]
- Lillestrøm SK – Sportsklubbens fineste (SKF)[158]
- S.K. Brann – Bergen Casuals (TGB)[159]
- Viking FK – Stavanger Yngre (SYC)[160]
- Vålerenga I.F. Fotball – Isko Boys, Enga Casuals, Enga Yngre[161]
Poland
- Arka Gdynia – Młoda Arka[162]
- Cracovia – Jude Gang[162]
- Górnik Zabrze – Torcida[163]
- Korona Kielce – YBH'01 (Young Boys Hooligans)[164]
- Lech Poznań – Brygada Banici,[162] Young Freaks '98[165]
- Lechia Gdańsk – Młode Orły[162]
- Legia Warsaw – Teddy Boys'95, Turyści'97[162]
- Pogoń Szczecin – Terror Corps[162]
- Ruch Chorzów – Psycho Fans[162]
- Stal Stalowa Wola – Stalówka 'BZC'[162]
- Śląsk Wrocław – silesia[162]
- Widzew Łódź – Destroyers[162]
- Wisła Kraków – Sharks[162]
- Zagłębie Sosnowiec – Barra Bravas'97[162]
Portugal
- Boavista Futebol Clube – Panteras Negras – Ultras 84[166]
- Futebol Clube do Porto – Super Dragões[166] Colectivo 95[166]
- Sport Lisboa e Benfica – Diabos Vermelhos,[166] No Name Boys[166]
- Sporting Clube de Braga – Ultras Red Boys[166]
- Sporting Clube de Portugal – Directivo Ultras XXI,[166] Juventude Leonina,[166] Sporting Casuals,[167] Torcida Verde[166]
- Vitória Sport Clube – White Angels[166]
Russia
- CSKA Moscow – Gallant Steeds, Yaroslavka[168]
- Spartak Moscow – Gladiators Firm '96,[168] Fratria
- Zenit Saint Petersburg – Music Hall[168]
Scotland
- Aberdeen – Aberdeen Soccer Casuals,[169] Under 5s[170]
- Airdrie – Section B,[171] Red Army Firm[172]
- Alloa – Alloa Defense Unit[173]
- Arbroath – Arbroath Soccer Crew,[172] Arbroath Soccer Society[174]
- Ayr – Ayr Service Crew[175]
- Celtic – Celtic Soccer Crew,[176] Roman Catholic Casuals,[177] Style Mile Vandals[178]
- Dundee – Dundee Soccer Crew,[172] Hilltown Huns[179]
- Dundee United – Tannadice Trendies,[172] The Shimmy[180]
- Dundee & Dundee United – The Utility,[169][181] Alliance Under Fives[172]
- Dunfermline – Carnegie Soccer Service[172]
- Falkirk – Falkirk Fear, Falkirk yoof[182]
- Greenock Morton – Morton Soccer Crew,[183] Morton Youth[184]
- Heart of Midlothian – Casual Soccer Firm,[185] Gorgie Boot Boys,[186] Gorgie Aggro,[187] Shed Boys,[188] Hearts Service Crew.[189]
- Hibernian – Capital City Service,[185] Blackleys Baby Crew,[190] The Family,[191] Hibs Baby Crew,[192] Inter City Fleet[193]
- Inverness Caledonian Thistle – North Stand Boys.
- Kilmarnock – Paninaro[175]
- Meadowbank Thistle – Thistle Soccer Boys[174]
- Montrose – Portland Bill Seaside Squad,[194] Montrose Soccer Unit[174]
- Motherwell – Saturday Service,[169] Tufty Club, Soccer Shorties, Nu-Kru[172]
- Partick Thistle – North Glasgow Express[195]
- Queen of the South – Casuals Internal Division[195]
- Raith Rovers – Kirkcaldy Soccer Casuals, Kirkcaldy Baby Crew[172]
- Rangers – Inter City Firm,[176] Her Majesty's Service,[172] Rangers Soccer Babes, Section Red[196]
- St Johnstone – Fair City Firm, Mainline Baby Squad,[172] Perth Pack,[195] BenJDavo Renegades
- St Mirren – Love Street Division[176]
- Scotland FC – Scottish National Firm[196]
Serbia
- Partizan Belgrade – Grobari, Principi, Vandal Boys, Zabranjeni, Juzni Front[197][198][199]
- Red Star Belgrade – Delije, Belgrade Boys, Red Devils, Hyaenas, Ultras[200][201]
- FK Rad Belgrade – United Force[202][203]
- FK Zemun – Taurunum Boys[204][205]
- Vojvodina Novi Sad – Firma[206]
- Spartak Subotica – Marinci
- Radnički Niš – Meraklije
- FK Novi Pazar – Ekstremi, Torcida Sandžak
- OFK Belgrade – Plava Unija
Slovakia
- FK Dukla Banská Bystrica – Red White Angeles[207]
- FK DAC 1904 Dunajská Streda – Felvidéki Harcosok (Hungarian: "Upland warriors")[208]
- MFK Košice – Rebels VSS, Psycho Boys[207]
- FC Nitra – Bulldogs '95[207]
- ŠK Slovan Bratislava – Ultras Slovan Pressburg[207]
- FC Spartak Trnava – Red Black Warriors[207]
- 1. FC Tatran Prešov – Village Brigade[209]
- AS Trenčín – Trenchtown Gangsters[210]
- MŠK Žilina – Yellow Green Fanatics,[207] Terror Boys[211]
Spain
- Athletic Club – Herri Norte Taldea[212]
- Cádiz CF – Brigadas Amarillas[213]
- Celta de Vigo – Celtarras[214]
- Club Atlético de Madrid – Frente Atlético, Suburbios Firm[212]
- Club Atlético Osasuna – Indar Gorri[215]
- F.C Barcelona – Boixos Nois[212]
- Deportivo Alavés – Iraultza 1923[216]
- Deportivo de La Coruña – Riazor Blues[214]
- Málaga C.F – Frente Bokerón, Malaka Hinchas[213]
- Rayo Vallecano – Bukaneros[217]
- Real Betis – Supporters Gol Sur[218]
- Real Madrid – Ultras Sur[217]
- Real Oviedo – Symmachiarii[217]
- Real Sociedad – Peña Mujika[217]
- Real Zaragoza – Ligallo Fondo Norte,[217] Avispero[219]
- Sevilla FC – Biris Norte[218]
- Sporting de Gijón – Ultra Boys[220]
- Valencia FC – Ultras Yomus,[221] Curva Nord[217]
Sweden
- AIK – Firman Boys,[222][223] Young Boys,[222]
- BS BolticGöta/Degerfors IF/Färjestads BK – Värmlandsalliansen[224]
- Djurgårdens IF – Djurgårdens Fina Grabbar (DFG),[222] Djurgårdens Yngre Grabbar,[222] Djurgårdens Mindre Grabbar[222]
- GAIS – Gärningsmännen,[225] GAIS Yngre,[225] GAIS Babys[222]
- IFK Göteborg – Wisemen,[222] Gothenburg Youth Division,[222] Youth crew Gothenburg,[222] Gothenburg United[222]
- Kalmar FF – Kalmarfamiljen[226]
- Hammarby IF – Kompisgänget Bajen (KGB), Sudra Divizione MMXI, Bajen Baby Squad, Bajen Yngsta, Bajen Orphans[222][227]
- Helsingborgs IF – Frontline[228]
- Linköpings HC – Cluben Casuals[229]
- Malmö FF – True Rockers[228]
- Örgryte IS – Red fans klan[230]
Turkey
- Fenerbahce – KFY (Kill For You),[231][232] Bogaz Hooligans[233]
Ukraine
- FC Arsenal Kyiv – Hoods Hoods Klan[234][235][236]
- Dynamo Kyiv – WBC (White Boys Club),[237] Rodychi,[238] Kyiv City Supporters,[239] Albatros, Young Hope[240]
- Shakhtar Donetsk – Za Boys Ultras[241]
- FC Dnipro – Ultras'83[242]
- Karpaty Lviv – Banderstadt Ultras,[243] Green White Ultras[244]
- Metalist Kharkiv – United Kharkiv,[245] Pivdenna hrupa
- Zorya Luhansk – Black-White Ultras[246]
- Vorskla Poltava – Crew Of Golden Eagle[247]
- Metalurh Zaporizhzhia – Beshketnyky[248]
- Volyn Lutsk – Volyn Crusaders Firm[249]
- Chornomorets Odesa – SouthFront[250]
- Nyva Ternopil – Terno Field Army[251]
- FC Oleksandriya – PFCO Supporters[252]
- Dnipro Cherkasy – Cherkasy Ultras[253]
Wales
- Cardiff City – Soul Crew[254]
- Swansea City – Jack Army,[255] Swansea Riot Squad[256]
- Wrexham – Wrexham Frontline[49]
See also
References
- ^ a b "1.000 hooligans verwacht op bekerfinale zondag". Het Laatste Nieuws. 19 March 2015.
- ^ "X-side – Heersers na de wedstrijd". 2004.
- ^ Jardine, Nick (28 September 2011). "BRUISINGS, BURNINGS AND BEATINGS: Europe's Worst Soccer Hooligans". Business Insider.
- ^ Ed (20 February 2011). "The Ultra movement and the political influences". Libcom.org.
- ^ "The History of the Bad Blue Boys". Archived from the original on 3 July 2009.
- ^ Cullen, Damian (13 May 2009). "Boys from the Balkans don't need a war to go to war". The Irish Times.
- ^ "Ponovo neredi hrvatskih navijaca: u Sloveniji sukob Armade i Viola". Index.hr. 4 July 2007. Retrieved 2 June 2012.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Smolík, Josef (December 2006). "Football fan culture in the Czech Republic Development, problems, causes": 5.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ "Rozhovor s Proktorem ze skupiny Silesian Hunters" [Interview with a proctor from Silesian Hunters]. hooligans.cz (in Czech). 1 February 2012. Archived from the original on 24 June 2013.
- ^ "Baník Ostrava – Sparta Praha (Pohled Baníku)". hooligans.cz (in Czech). 15 July 2013. Archived from the original on 30 July 2013.
- ^ "thordivision.com". www.thordivision.com.
- ^ "Rozhovor se skupinou Berserk (Bohemians 1905)" [An interview with Berserk (Bohemians 1905)]. hooligans.cz (in Czech). 11 August 2013. Archived from the original on 11 December 2014.
- ^ "Česká scéna: Dukla Praha" [Czech scene: Dukla Praha]. hooligans.cz (in Czech). 29 July 2012.
- ^ a b "Rozhovor s chuligánem SFC Opava" [Interview with hooligans SFC Opava]. hooligans.cz (in Czech). 29 January 2012. Archived from the original on 24 June 2013.
- ^ "Sigma hooligans hlásí návrat" [Sigma hooligans reports back]. antifa.cz (in Czech). 6 February 2012.
- ^ "Rozhovor se členem skupiny Youngsters (Slavia Praha)" [Interview with a member of Youngsters (Slavia Prague)]. hooligans.cz (in Czech). 3 February 2013. Archived from the original on 24 June 2013.
- ^ "Ultras Slavia". Archived from the original on 19 June 2015.
- ^ "Rozhovor s jedním ze zakladatelů Prague Boys" [Interview with one of the founders of Prague Boys]. suppoters.cz (in Czech). 21 January 2013.
- ^ "Rozhovor s Prague Boys ze Sparty" [Interview with Prague Boys Sparta]. hooligans.cz (in Czech). 20 December 2011.
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- ^ "Česká scéna: Viktoria Plzeň" [Czech scene: Viktoria Plzeň]. hooligans.cz (in Czech). 17 July 2012. Archived from the original on 11 December 2014. Retrieved 7 December 2014.
- ^ "Johny Kentus Gang" (in Czech). Archived from the original on 13 March 2014. Retrieved 21 August 2013.
- ^ "Hooligans casuals og ultras i Danmark". TV2 Nyhederne. 15 September 2008. Archived from the original on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 12 November 2010.
- ^ "Unge Casuals-bøller fører an i Århus". aarhusportalen.dk. Archived from the original on 30 May 2012. Retrieved 2 April 2012.
- ^ af ptho for TV 2 Nyhederne (19 May 2008). "Hooligans, casuals og ultras i Danmark – TV 2 Nyhederne". Nyhederne.tv2.dk. Retrieved 2 April 2012.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ "Politiet advarer Esbjerg-fans". Bold.dk. 4 October 2006. Retrieved 2 April 2012.
- ^ "Hooligans og hagekors". redox.dk (in Danish). Archived from the original on 1 August 2007.
- ^ "Danske hooligangrupper | Tipsbladet". Tipsbladet.dk. 19 September 2008. Retrieved 2 April 2012.
- ^ AF Frank Hvilsom (29 March 2012). "Politi: Blue Army fra Lyngby er hooligans" (in Danish). Politiken.dk. Retrieved 2 April 2012.
- ^ Thomsen, Philip (14 September 2023). "Familiefædre og studerende: Så forskellige er de danske hooligans". ekstrabladet.dk (in Danish). Retrieved 21 October 2024.
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- ^ Lowles, Nick; Andy Nicholls (2005). Hooligans: A-L of Britain's Football Gangs. Wrea Green: Milo Books. p. 25. ISBN 1-903854-41-5.
- ^ Brown, Danny; Milo Brittle (2006). Villains: The Inside Story of Aston Villa's Hooligan Gangs. Wrea Green: Milo Books. ISBN 978-1-903854-59-4.
- ^ Gall, Carolin (2005). Zulus: A Football Hooligan Gang. Wrea Green: Milo Books. ISBN 1-903854-48-2.
- ^ a b Stocks, Rob (23 November 2006). "Hooligans not welcome here". Blackpool Gazette. Retrieved 23 November 2006.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Lowles, Nick; Nicholl, Andy (6 September 2007). "B". Hooligans. Milo Books Ltd. ISBN 978-1-903854-63-1.
- ^ Giulianotti, Richard; Bonney, Norman; Hepworth, Mike (1994). Football, Violence and Social Identity. Routledge. p. 209. ISBN 0-415-09838-6.
- ^ - (BCF) Bradford City's Finest {{cite news |title=Bradford City v Aberdeen |newspaper=Telegraph and Argus |date=20 September 2003
- ^ "Nine arrests in city soccer thug raids". Bradford Telegraph and Argus. 20 September 2003.
- ^ Lowles, Nick; Andy Nicholls (2005). Hooligans: A-L of Britain's Football Gangs. Wrea Green: Milo Books. p. 86. ISBN 1-903854-41-5.
- ^ a b Gas Youth Casuals: Lowles, Nick; Andy Nicholls (2005). Hooligans: A-L of Britain's Football Gangs. Wrea Green: Milo Books. p. 94. ISBN 1-903854-41-5.
- ^ Porter, Andrew (2005). Suicide Squad: The story of a hooligan firm. Wrea Green: Milo Books. ISBN 978-1-903854-46-4.
- ^ "BBC Three - Football Fight Club, Episode 1". BBC.
- ^ Dodd, Paul; McNee, Iain (13 November 1998). England's Number One: The Great Adventures of a Serial Soccer Yob. PIG Publishing. ISBN 1-903854-41-5.
- ^ Lowles, Nick; Andy Nicholls (2005). Hooligans: A-L of Britain's Football Gangs. Wrea Green: Milo Books. p. 140. ISBN 1-903854-41-5.
- ^ Ward, Colin; Hickmott, Steve (2000). Armed for the Match: The Troubles and Trials of the Chelsea Headhunters. London: Headline Books. ISBN 0-7472-6292-6.
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- ^ "Cardiff and the hooligan element". BBC News. 17 May 2003. Retrieved 5 May 2007.
- ^ King, Martin; Tooze, Andrew (8 November 2007). The Swansea Jacks: From Skinheads to Stone Island – Forty Years of One of Britain's Most Notorious Hooligan Gangs. Manchester: Headhunter Books. ISBN 978-1-906085-05-6.
- ^ Redhead, Steve (2015). Football and Accelerated Culture: This Modern Sporting Life. Routledge. p. 30. ISBN 9781317411550.
External links
- Hooli-News Archived 6 December 2012 at the Wayback Machine – latest hooligan-related news and information from around the world
- Three-part BBC2 investigation on football firms from 2002
- Running with the 'Naughty Forty', part of the BBC2 2002 investigation
- Ultras Jagiellonia Bialystok', Website of Jagiellonia Bialystok group