The 1956 Hong Kong riots, also known as the Double Ten riots (Chinese: 雙十暴動), were the result of escalating provocations between the pro-Kuomintang and pro-CCP camps on Double Ten Day, 10 October 1956.[2]
| 1956 Hong Kong riots | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
 Members of the Hong Kong Police Force dispatched to quell the riots | ||||
| Date | 10–12 October 1956 | |||
| Location | ||||
| Caused by | Several provocations, particularly the removal of the Republic of China flag and the large "Double Ten" emblem hanging from Lei Cheng Uk Estate. | |||
| Goals |
| |||
| Methods | Demonstrations, strikes, arsons, occupations of buildings, attacks against police | |||
| Resulted in | Protests quelled
| |||
| Parties | ||||
| ||||
| Lead figures | ||||
Alexander Grantham | ||||
| Units involved | ||||
| Casualties | ||||
| Death(s) | 59 | |||
| Injuries | 500 | |||
| Arrested | 6,000[1] | |||
| Charged | 2,195[1] | |||
| 1956 Hong Kong riots | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Protest photos | |||||||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 雙十暴動 | ||||||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 双十暴动 | ||||||||||||
| Literal meaning | Double Ten riots | ||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||
Most violence took place in the town of Tsuen Wan, five miles from central Kowloon. A mob stormed and ransacked a clinic and welfare centre, killing four civilians.[3]
The protests spread to other parts of Kowloon including along Nathan Road. By 11 October, some of the mob began targeting foreigners. Protesters in Kowloon turned over a taxi carrying the Swiss Vice Consul Fritz Ernst and his wife on Nathan Road. The rioters doused the cab in gasoline and lit it on fire resulting in the death of the driver and Mrs. Ernst who succumbed to her injuries two days later.[4]
To quell the riots, Colonial Secretary Edgeworth B. David ordered extra manpower from the British Forces Hong Kong, including armoured troops of 7th Hussars, to reinforce the Hong Kong Police Force in protecting civilians and dispersing the rioters.[3] In total, there were 59 deaths and approximately 500 injuries. Property damage was estimated at US$1,000,000.[2][5]
Outbreak of Violence
editShortly after 9 am on 10 October, housing officials at the Lei Cheng Uk Resettlement Area ordered the removal of several Koumintang flags from a housing block in the estate to the strong objection of residents.[6] Arguments grew as a crowd gathered at the estate's administration office and police attended the scene wherein brick and stones were thrown. By 2 pm, three of the estate staff had been assaulted and injured, and over 300 officers had arrived at the scene and the crowd had grown to roughly 2,000. This crowd was dispersed after the police fired tear gas.
Clashes resumed at 8 pm when people began to throw stones at police officers coming to reinforce the area. The first serious casualties occurred when a fire engine crashed into a sidewalk after being pelted by stones and fireworks, killing at least three and injuring several others.[6] As police fired more tear gas, the crowd moved to the intersection of Tai Po Road and Castle Peak Road, pelting passing vehicles and passers-by. Contemporaneous accounts report that Europeans were specifically targeted.[6] Several police vehicles, fire engines, ambulances and busses were damaged in the violence, with one fire engine upturned and set on fire at about 10 pm. By midnight, police had fired over 1,000 canisters of tear gas at the crowd.
In the early morning, the crowd surrounded the Sham Shui Po Police Station and stones were thrown at the station and officers and a police post at Tai Hang Tung was destroyed. A restaurant was burned in Cheung Sha Wan and several cars were burnt near the Broadway Theatre (now near the Mong Kok subway station).[6] Two schools, the Heung Tao Middle School and one near Playing Field Road were also set on fire.
These clashes died down by 5am, with around 60 people being admitted to hospital overnight on October 10th, with around 5 people being killed.
See also
edit
References
edit- ^ a b "Two riots and one unrest during 50s and 60s of Hong Kong, killing 111 in total. Curfew and martial law once implemented". Ming Pao (in Chinese (Hong Kong)). 15 February 2016. Retrieved 1 March 2020.
- ^ a b HKheadline.com. "HKheadline.com." 雙十暴動：香港最血腥的一天. Retrieved on 7 July 2010.
- ^ a b "Hong Kong: Trouble on the Double Ten", Time Monday, 22 Oct. 1956
- ^ "Trouble on the Double Tenth: Riots, Fear And Sudden Death In Hong Kong" (PDF). The Pagoda Magazine. Vol. 17, no. 22. Jamaica BWI: Pagoda Ltd. 3 November 1956. pp. 3, 15. Retrieved 26 August 2019.
- ^ Chu, Yingchi. [2003] (2003). Hong Kong Cinema: Coloniser, Motherland and Self. Routledge publishing. ISBN 0-7007-1746-3
- ^ a b c d "Rioting in Kowloon: Police Forced to Open Fire on mob in Shamshuipo". South China Morning Post. 11 October 1956.
 | This Hong Kong history article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |