Henry Walton Wessells Jr. (1846–1929) was an American brigadier general of the American Indian Wars, the Spanish–American War and the Philippine–American War. He was known for being the son of Brigadier General Henry W. Wessells, his participation in the Fort Robinson breakout and his command of the 3rd Cavalry Regiment during the Battle of San Juan Hill.
Henry Walton Wessells Jr. | |
|---|---|
 Wessells in 1901 | |
| Born | December 24, 1846 Sacketts Harbor, New York, U.S. |
| Died | November 9, 1929 (aged 82) Location Unknown |
| Buried | |
| Allegiance |  United States |
| Branch |  United States Army |
| Years of service | 1865 – 1904 |
| Rank |  Brigadier General |
| Unit | 7th Infantry Regiment |
| Commands | 3rd Cavalry Regiment |
| Battles / wars | |
| Alma mater | United States Naval Academy |
| Spouse(s) | Eliza Lane Meginnis |
| Children | 1 (Henry W. Wessells III) |
| Relations | Henry W. Wessells (father) |
Early military career
editJunior was born on December 24, 1846, at Sacketts Harbor, New York as the son of the renowned Henry W. Wessells Sr. and Hannah Cooper Wessells.[1] He was educated at the Deep Hill Institute at Danbury, Connecticut and later enrolled in the United States Naval Academy from September 20, 1862, to November 12, 1864. He then participated in the American Civil War beginning on March 1, 1865, as a private within the 7th Infantry Regiment. He was later commissioned as a second lieutenant and a first lieutenant by July 21, 1865 and spent time in Florida enforcing Reconstruction policies.[2] He also married Eliza Lane Meginnis on March 24, 1869.[3]
Service in Fort Robinson
editBeginning on January 1, 1871, he was transferred to the 3rd Cavalry Regiment and was promoted to captain on December 20, 1872, and even managed to partially learn how to speak the Sioux language.[1][2] When Wessells was stationed at Fort Robinson, he grew to be well acquainted with the Northern Cheyenne, notably with Morning Star and they grew to nickname him "Pose Hausha" (Long Nose).[1][2] However, due to the events of the Dull Knife Fight, the Cheyenne were imprisoned at Fort Robinson and were being planned to being located to the south. After their initial refusal to do so however, Wessells cut off all supplies from the Northern Cheyenne in order to gain compliance from them but to no avail. Due to this, Wessells and other officers offered to let the Cheyenne women and children stay but they willingly chose to refuse.[4]
On January 9, Wessells called for a council meeting with Morning Star along with 2 other chiefs, Wild Hog and Old Crow as he tried to sway them into his perspective.[5] After they refused to head south however, Wessells gave orders for the arrest of Wild Hog and Old Crow with the latter managing to stab Private Thomas Ferguson in the sternum. This eventually culminated into the Fort Robinson breakout and after Wessells himself pleaded with the Cheyenne to lay down their aims, his response was met by gunfire and he ultimately led a charge against them but was wounded during the fighting. When the fighting concluded, Wessells had them buried in a mass grave known as "The Pit".[6]
Later career
editOn August 16, 1892, he was promoted to major and would be the commander of the regiment during the Spanish–American War, commanding the regiment during the Battle of San Juan Hill but was wounded during the battle.[7] He was subsequently promoted to colonel on May 2, 1899, colonel of the 2nd Cavalry Regiment in February 1901. He briefly participated in the Philippine–American War but was discharged from service there due to poor health on February 2. He continued to remain in the United States Army and was promoted to brigadier general before retiring on April 23, 1904.[8] He died on November 9, 1929, and was buried at the Arlington National Cemetery along with his wife, Eliza Lane Wessells (née Meginnis).[3]
References
edit- ^ a b c Greene, Jerome A. (April 16, 2020). January Moon: The Northern Cheyenne Breakout from Fort Robinson, 1878–1879. University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 9780806166667. Retrieved October 16, 2022.
- ^ a b c Monnett, John H. (2004). Tell Them We Are Going Home: The Odyssey of the Northern Cheyennes. University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 9780806136455. Retrieved October 13, 2022.
- ^ a b Patterson, Michael Robert (July 19, 2022). "Henry Walton Wessells, Jr. – Brigadier General, United States Army". pp. 116, 119, 123. Retrieved October 13, 2022.
- ^ Members of the Potomac Corral of the Westerners (February 7, 2017). Great Western Indian Fights. Normanby Press. ISBN 9781787203952. Retrieved October 13, 2022.
- ^ Low, Denise; Powers, Ramon (November 2020). Northern Cheyenne Ledger Art by Fort Robinson Breakout Survivors. University of Nebraska Press. p. 171. ISBN 9781496215154. Retrieved October 16, 2022.
- ^ McDermott, John D. (1998). A Guide to the Indian Wars of the West. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. pp. 164–165. ISBN 0739401742.
- ^ Lee, Fitzhugh; Wheeler, Joseph; Roosevelt, Theodore; Wainwright, Richard (1899). Cuba's Struggle Against Spain with the Causes of American Intervention and a Full Account of the Spanish-American War. American Historical Press. p. 427. Retrieved October 16, 2022.
- ^ Report of the Annual Re-union at Hartford, Conn. New York City: Macgowan & Slipper. 1904. p. 142. Retrieved October 16, 2022.