This article relies largely or entirely on a single source. (August 2018) |
Guangnan County (simplified Chinese: 广南县; traditional Chinese: 廣南縣; pinyin: Guǎngnán Xiàn; Zhuang: Gvangjnanz Yen) is located in Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan province, China. The seat of Guangnan, known today as Liancheng (莲城镇), was the heart of the Gouding Kingdom (句町) that lasted approximately 400 years, from 111 BC to 316 AD.[2]
Guangnan County
广南县 · Gvangjnanz Yen | |
|---|---|
Lianhu Park Bronze Drum Square Nong's Tusi Chiefdom Office Bamei village | |
 Location of Guangnan County (red) within Wenshan Prefecture (pink) and Yunnan | |
  Guangnan County Location of the seat in Yunnan | |
| Coordinates: 24°03′N 105°04′E / 24.050°N 105.067°E | |
| Country | China |
| Province | Yunnan |
| Autonomous prefecture | Wenshan |
| County seat | Liancheng |
| Area | |
• Total | 7,983 km2 (3,082 sq mi) |
| Population (2020 census)[1] | |
• Total | 771,948 |
| • Density | 97/km2 (250/sq mi) |
| Postal code | 663300 |
| Area code | 0876 |
| Website | www |
Administrative divisions
editIn the present, Guangnan County has 7 towns and 11 townships.[3]
- 7 towns
- 11 townships
Climate
editGuangnan, as with much of southern Yunnan, has a warm humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cwa), with muddled distinction between the seasons and daytime temperatures remaining warm year-round. The warmest and coolest months are July and January, respectively at 23.2 °C (73.8 °F) and 9.1 °C (48.4 °F); the annual mean is 17.4 °C (63.3 °F). May thru September accounts for nearly 75% of the annual rainfall of 1,016 mm (40 in)
| Climate data for Guangnan, elevation 1,250 m (4,100 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 28.4 (83.1) |
31.2 (88.2) |
34.0 (93.2) |
36.2 (97.2) |
37.6 (99.7) |
34.8 (94.6) |
34.0 (93.2) |
33.6 (92.5) |
34.0 (93.2) |
31.9 (89.4) |
30.0 (86.0) |
28.6 (83.5) |
37.6 (99.7) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 15.3 (59.5) |
18.3 (64.9) |
22.8 (73.0) |
26.4 (79.5) |
27.7 (81.9) |
28.1 (82.6) |
28.2 (82.8) |
27.8 (82.0) |
26.1 (79.0) |
22.9 (73.2) |
20.4 (68.7) |
16.1 (61.0) |
23.3 (74.0) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 9.1 (48.4) |
11.6 (52.9) |
15.5 (59.9) |
19.7 (67.5) |
21.9 (71.4) |
23.0 (73.4) |
23.2 (73.8) |
22.4 (72.3) |
20.7 (69.3) |
17.7 (63.9) |
14.1 (57.4) |
10.0 (50.0) |
17.4 (63.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 5.2 (41.4) |
7.0 (44.6) |
10.6 (51.1) |
14.8 (58.6) |
17.6 (63.7) |
19.6 (67.3) |
19.9 (67.8) |
19.1 (66.4) |
17.2 (63.0) |
14.4 (57.9) |
10.0 (50.0) |
6.1 (43.0) |
13.5 (56.2) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −2.9 (26.8) |
−1.1 (30.0) |
−1.0 (30.2) |
4.3 (39.7) |
6.6 (43.9) |
12.3 (54.1) |
13.8 (56.8) |
12.9 (55.2) |
8.7 (47.7) |
4.2 (39.6) |
−0.8 (30.6) |
−4.8 (23.4) |
−4.8 (23.4) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 20.6 (0.81) |
17.0 (0.67) |
31.9 (1.26) |
54.9 (2.16) |
130.7 (5.15) |
182.8 (7.20) |
196.7 (7.74) |
179.6 (7.07) |
92.6 (3.65) |
61.3 (2.41) |
27.8 (1.09) |
20.5 (0.81) |
1,016.4 (40.02) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 9.1 | 7.8 | 7.5 | 9.5 | 13.5 | 17.3 | 18.2 | 18.1 | 12.4 | 11.2 | 7.0 | 6.5 | 138.1 |
| Average snowy days | 1.0 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 | 1.6 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 79 | 74 | 70 | 68 | 71 | 79 | 80 | 83 | 81 | 82 | 79 | 80 | 77 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 116.0 | 133.7 | 160.3 | 172.6 | 171.9 | 124.1 | 135.0 | 135.4 | 117.7 | 106.9 | 134.1 | 116.7 | 1,624.4 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 35 | 42 | 43 | 45 | 42 | 31 | 33 | 34 | 32 | 30 | 41 | 35 | 37 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration[4][5] | |||||||||||||
Ethnic groups
editThe following information in this section is from the Guangnan County Gazetteer (广南县志) (2001).
- Han
- Zhuang
- Miao
- White Miao 白苗 (or Menglou 蒙娄)
- Sinicized Miao 汉苗 a.k.a. Lopsided Miao 偏苗 (or Mengsha 蒙纱)
- "Meng Zhua" (蒙爪)
- Yao
- Landian [Blue Indigo] Yao 蓝靛瑶 (or Jinmen 金门)
- Daban [Large Board] Yao 大板瑶 (or Yu Mian 育棉)
- Yi: split into two official divisions of Pu 仆 and Luo 倮. Autonyms are: Nisupo 尼苏颇, Guo 果, Poluo 颇罗 (exonym: Axi 阿细), Nishebei 尼舍杯, Nashepu 哪舍噗, Bugeng 布更, Gasou 嘎叟, Guwo 估涡, Mengpei 孟培, Mengpu 孟噗, Mengguobei 孟果杯, Lairen 徕人 (exonym: Laizi 徕子)
- Pu 仆: Flowery Pula 花仆拉 (also called Pula 濮喇), White Pula 白仆拉, Black Pula 黑仆拉
- Luo 倮: Flowery Luo 花倮, Black Luo 黑倮, Chinese Luo 汉倮, Sandaohong 三道红, Lairen 徕人
- Gelao
- Hui
- Mongol
Ethnic Zhuang and Han make up about 80% of the county's population, with each group making up about 40%.
Miao
editThere were 81,223 ethnic Miao individuals comprising 16,086 households as of 1995.
- White Miao 白苗: most of the county, including Nalun 那伦乡 and Diyu 底于乡
- Sinicized Miao 汉苗: Heizhiguo 黑支果乡, Nanping 南屏镇, Babao 八宝镇
- "Meng Zhua" (蒙爪): Yanshang of Heizhiguo 黑支果乡岩上,[6] Dongguaping of Nanping 南屏镇冬瓜坪,[7] Sala of Yangliujing 杨柳井洒啦[8]
Yao
editThere were 14,707 ethnic Yao individuals comprising 2,673 households as of 1995.
- Diyu Township (1,831 individuals, 323 households)
- Babao Township (1,612 individuals, 281 households)
- Zhetai Township (1,176 individuals, 175 households)
- Jiumo Township (1,157 individuals, 226 households)
- Yangliujing Township (1,092 individuals, 216 households)
- Nasa Township (992 individuals, 188 households)
- Heizhiguo Township (963 individuals, 165 households)
Yi
editThere were 35,879 ethnic Yi individuals comprising 7,001 households as of 1995, making up 5.21% of the county's total population.
- Nisupo 尼苏颇: Longyang 龙秧, Zhetai 者太乡[9]
- Guo 果: Weinaji 未那基, Zhetai 者太乡[10]
- Guopo 果颇: Lao'an 老安, Zhetu 者兔乡[11]
- Poguo 颇果 (or Pula 仆拉): Anwang 安王, Nanping 南屏镇[12]
- Gasou 嘎叟: Anwang 安王, Nanping 南屏镇[12]
- Guwo 估涡: Mumei 木媄, Babao 八宝镇[13]
- Mengpei 孟培 (or Lairen 徕人): Wabiao 瓦标, Babao 八宝镇;[14] Yilang 夷郎, Heizhiguo 黑支果乡[15]
- Meng 孟: Lisa 里洒, Babao 八宝镇[16]
- Mengpu 孟噗: Dagulu 大咕噜, Heizhiguo 黑支果乡[17]
- Bugeng 布更: Walong 挖聋, Nasa 那洒镇;[18][19] Amiao 阿渺, Zhuanjiao 篆角乡[20]
- Nashepu 那舍噗: Changchong 长冲, Zhujie 珠街镇[21]
- Kashepu 卡舍噗: Tuanqing 团箐, Shuguang 曙光镇[22]
- Axi 阿细: Zhongzhai 中寨, Zhulin 珠琳镇[23]
Gelao
editThere are 157 ethnic Gelao.
- Baishiyan 白石岩, Laozhai 老寨村, Babao Township 八宝镇[24] (56 people)
- Xijide 西基得村, Zhulin Township 珠琳镇[25] (50 people)
- Muyang 木秧, Shujie 鼠街村, Heizhiguo Township 黑支果乡[26] (29 people)
Hui
editThere were 1,306 ethnic Hui individuals comprising 314 households as of 1995. Most lived in Zhulin Township, which had 964 ethnic Hui individuals comprising 212 households. Liancheng Township, the county seat, had 161 ethnic Hui individuals comprising 51 households.
Mongol
editThere are 497 ethnic Mongols.
Transport
edit- Nearest airport: Wenshan Airport
Historical sites
edit
- Guangnan Minorities Museum: Featuring numerous neolithic and Bronze Age artifacts unearthed from tombs in the region, in addition to more modern Ming and Qing Dynasty objects (paintings, porcelain, wooden architectural features) collected from the town and nearby villages.
- Grave of Princess Anhua (安化郡主). The 16-year-old princess, a full sister of the last (Southern) Ming emperor Zhu Youlang (the Yongli Emperor), died near Guangnan town in 1652, when the emperor was retreating from Guangxi to Yunnan.[29]
- Ayong Bridge: built on the outstrected branches of trees from the two banks of the river
- Ayong ancestral home of the Nong clan
- Guima Bridge: a traditional wind-and-rain bridge that is the center for folk singing and recreation
- Guima Hall of the Elders
- Wang Peilun's Residence: Xiban Village 夕板村,[30] Guangnan
- The Tinglang (rest kiosks) of Xiban Village 夕板村,[30] Guangnan
- The ganlan houses of Tuotong Village 拖同村[31] and Dixian Village 底仙村[32]
- Yanta Pagoda (a.k.a. Wenbi Pagoda): a 19th-century tower atop a prominent summit to the southeast of the city, offering excellent views of the surrounding region.
Historical villages include:
- Heye 河野村[33]
- Tuopai 拖派村[34]
- Dixian 底仙村: notable for its unique ganlan houses found only there
- Nabei 那贝村[35]
- Tuotong 拖同村[31]
- Gejia 革假村:[36] notable for its thousand-year-old banyan tree, and for its many natives who passed the civil examination to become jinshi 进士 (palace candidates) during the Qing Dynasty
- Ayong 阿用[37]
- Guima 贵马[38]
- Jiumo (旧莫) includes a former residence of a Nationalist warlord now defaced, poorly restored and in use as an agricultural store and communist memorial site, in addition to a covered bridge. Hard to reach and not set up for tourists, there is barely a restaurant.
References
edit- ^ "文山州第七次全国人口普查主要数据公报" (in Chinese). Government of Wenshan Prefecture. 2021-05-25. Archived from the original on 2023-07-23. Retrieved 2023-09-09.
- ^ Johnson & Wang 2008
- ^ "国家统计局" (in Chinese). National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China. Retrieved 2021-12-07.
- ^ 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 10 April 2023.
- ^ 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 10 April 2023.
- ^ "广南县黑支果乡阿章村委会岩上自然村". Ynszxc.net. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
- ^ "广南县南屏镇冉家屋基村委会东瓜坪自然村". Ynszxc.net. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
- ^ "广南县杨柳井乡阿用村委会洒拉冲自然村". Ynszxc.net. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
- ^ "广南县者太乡三卡村委会龙央自然村". Ynszxc.net. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
- ^ "广南县者太乡者太村委会未哪基自然村". Ynszxc.net. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
- ^ "广南县者兔乡那耐村委会老安自然村". Ynszxc.net. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
- ^ a b "广南县南屏镇安王村委会". Ynszxc.net. Archived from the original on 30 December 2018. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
- ^ "广南县八宝镇河野村民委木美自然村". Ynszxc.net. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
- ^ "广南县八宝镇杨柳树村民委瓦标自然村". Ynszxc.net. Archived from the original on 30 December 2018. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
- ^ "广南县黑支果乡夷郎村委会木底郎自然村". Ynszxc.net. Archived from the original on 30 December 2018. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
- ^ "广南县八宝镇杨柳树村民委里洒自然村". Ynszxc.net. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
- ^ "广南县黑支果乡龙滩村委会大咕噜自然村". Ynszxc.net. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
- ^ "广南县那洒镇龙汪洞村委会老挖聋自然村". Ynszxc.net. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
- ^ "广南县那洒镇龙汪洞村委会新挖聋自然村". Ynszxc.net. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
- ^ "广南县篆角乡篆角乡阿渺村民委员会". Ynszxc.net. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
- ^ "广南县珠街镇放羊村委会长冲自然村". Ynszxc.net. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
- ^ "广南县曙光乡马堡村委会团箐自然村". Ynszxc.net. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
- ^ "广南县珠琳镇中寨村委会". Ynszxc.net. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
- ^ "广南县八宝镇老寨村民委百石岩自然村". Ynszxc.net. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
- ^ "广南县珠琳镇西基德村委会西基德". Ynszxc.net. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
- ^ "广南县黑支果乡鼠街村委会木央自然村". Ynszxc.net. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
- ^ "广南县黑支果乡龙滩村委会". Ynszxc.net. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
- ^ "广南县黑支果乡鼠街村委会". Ynszxc.net. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
- ^ "皇姑坟...明朝永历帝朱由榔之胞妹". Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
- ^ a b "广南县旧莫乡昔板村民委员会". Ynszxc.net. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
- ^ a b "广南县者兔乡革佣村委会拖同自然村". Ynszxc.net. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
- ^ "广南县坝美镇底先村委会". Ynszxc.net. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
- ^ "广南县八宝镇河野村民委河野自然村". Ynszxc.net. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
- ^ "广南县旧莫乡昔板村民委员会拖派自然村". Ynszxc.net. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
- ^ "广南县者兔乡革佣村委会那贝自然村". Ynszxc.net. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
- ^ "无标题页". Ynszxc.net. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
- ^ "广南县杨柳井乡阿用村委会阿用自然村". Ynszxc.net. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
- ^ "广南县那洒镇贵马村委会贵马自然村". Ynszxc.net. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
- Guangnan County Gazetteer 广南县志 (2001).
- Johnson, Eric and Wang Mingfu (2008). "Zhuang cultural and linguistic heritage". SIL International and the Nationalities Publishing House of Yunnan.
External links
edit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Guangnan County.
- Guangnan County Official Website Archived 2022-12-07 at the Wayback Machine (in Chinese)