Wikipedia

Gloria Ford Gilmer

Gloria C. Gilmer (née Ford; June 28, 1928 – August 25, 2021) was an American mathematician and educator, notable for being the first African American woman to publish a non-PhD thesis.

Gloria Gilmer
Born(1928-06-28)June 28, 1928
Neww york
DiedAugust 25, 2021(2021-08-25) (aged 93)
Urban Air
NationalityAfrican American
Alma materMorgan State University; University of Pennsylvania; Marquette University
Known forEthnomathematics
Scientific career
FieldsMathematics, Ethnomathematics, Education
Thesis "Effects Of Small Discussion Groups On Self-Paced Instruction In a Developmental Algebra Course"  (1978)

Early life and education

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Gilmer was born in Baltimore, Maryland on June 28, 1928. She studied for her Bachelor of Science degree at Morgan State University,[1][2] where she was part of the class of 1949.[3] While there, she published two papers with her supervisor Luna Mishoe;[4][5][6] these were the first two research papers published by an African American woman, being published in 1956,[7][8] under her maiden name of Gloria C. Ford. She was also a student of Clarence Stephens while there.[9][3]

After receiving her MA in Mathematics at the University of Pennsylvania,[1] she went to work on ballistics research at the Aberdeen Proving Ground,[3] and later to teach at six HBCUs.[9] She studied for a PhD at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, but left after a year, later citing "a marriage, children, and the necessity to earn a living".[9] She subsequently gained a PhD from Marquette University,[2] in Education Administration.[9] The title of her dissertation is "Effects Of Small Discussion Groups On Self-Paced Instruction In a Developmental Algebra Course".[10]

Post-doctoral career

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Much of Gilmer's work has been in ethnomathematics; she was described as a "leader in the field" by Scott W. Williams, a mathematics professor at SUNY Buffalo.[9]

An example of this research is when, based on fieldwork in New York and Baltimore, Gilmer and her assistants, 14-year-old Stephanie Desgrottes and teacher Mary Potter, observed and interviewed both hair stylists and customers in the two cities' salons, inquiring about tessellations in box braids (box-shaped tessellations resembling brick walls) and triangular braids (tessellations resembling equilateral triangles), two styles that restrict the movement of the hair when the head is tossed. While these hair stylists do not generally think of what they do as mathematical, Gilmer detailed the many mathematically based patterns in these and other types of braiding and how they are found in nature, such as the tessellating hexagons found in braids that resembles the flesh of pineapples and the honeycombs in beehives. As an educator, Gilmer used these results to create classroom activities for students to understand the mathematics of hair braiding.[11][12][13]

In the early 1980s, Gilmer was the first African American woman to be on the board of governors of the Mathematical Association of America.[2] Between 1981 and 1984, Gilmer was a research associate at the United States Department of Education, where she was part of the Office of Educational Research and Improvement.[1] In 1985 she co-founded and the executive board of International Study Group on Ethnomathematics (ISGEm),[14] of which she was the President from 1985 to 1996.[1] She was also the second person, and first woman, to give the National Association of Mathematicians' Cox-Talbot lecture, which was named in honour of the first and fourth African Americans to receive PhDs in mathematics.[15]

In 2008, Gilmer became the president of Math-Tech, a corporation that aims to take new research material and create more effective mathematics curricula, particularly with respect to women and minorities.[9][11]

In 2022, Gilmer became the first Black woman mathematician to have her papers archived in the Manuscript Division of the Library of Congress.[16]

Death

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Gilmer died on August 25, 2021, at the age of 93, in the city of Milwaukee, in the state of Wisconsin.[17][3][18]

List of published works

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  • "On the Limit of the Coefficients of the Eigenfunction Series Associated with a Certain Non-self-adjoint Differential System," with Luna I. Mishoe. Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society 7.2 (1956): 260.
  • "On the Uniform Convergence of a Certain Eigenfunction Series," with Luna Mishoe. Pacific Journal of Mathematics 6.2 (1956): 271–78.
  • "Effects Of Small Discussion Groups On Self-Paced Instruction In a Developmental Algebra Course" (1978). Dissertations (1962 - 2010) Access via Proquest Digital Dissertations. AAI7905173. https://epublications.marquette.edu/dissertations/AAI7905173
  • "Mathematical Patterns in African American Hairstyles." Presented at the 77th Annual Meeting of the National Council of Teachers in Mathematics (1998).
  • "Ethnomathematics: An African American Perspective On Developing Women In Mathematics." In Changing the Faces of Mathematics: Perspectives on Gender. National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (2001). (ISBN 978-0-87353-496-3)

Awards

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The American Mathematical Society (AMS) has a mid-career research fellowship, the Claytor-Gilmer Fellowship, named after Gilmer and William Schieffelin Claytor.[19]

References

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  1. ^ a b c d Riddle, Larry. "Gloria Ford Gilmer". Biographies of Women Mathematicians. Agnes Scott College. Retrieved June 1, 2014.
  2. ^ a b c Kenschaft, Patricia Clark (1993). "Gilmer, Gloria". In Hine, Darlene Clark; Brown, Elsa Barkley; Terborg-Penn, Rosalyn (eds.). Black Women in America: An Historical Encyclopedia. Brooklyn, New York: Carlson Publishing. ISBN 978-0-926019-61-4. Retrieved 10 June 2020.
  3. ^ a b c d Addison, Eric (October 27, 2011). "Giving back by the numbers: Gloria Ford Gilmer, Ph.D., '49". Morgan Magazine. No. 1. Morgan State University. p. 16. Retrieved 9 April 2017.
  4. ^ Nkwanta, Asamoah; Barber, Janet E. (2015). "African-American Mathematicians and the Mathematical Association of America" (PDF). Retrieved 10 June 2020.
  5. ^ Mishoe, Luna I.; Ford, Gloria C. (1956-02-01). "On the limit of the coefficients of the eigenfunction series associated with a certain non-self-adjoint differential system". Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society. 7 (2): 260. doi:10.1090/S0002-9939-1956-0077754-3. ISSN 0002-9939.
  6. ^ Mishoe, L. I.; Ford, G. C. (1956). "On the uniform convergence of a certain eigenfunction series". Pacific Journal of Mathematics. 6 (2): 271–278. doi:10.2140/pjm.1956.6.271. ISSN 0030-8730.
  7. ^ Williams, Scott W. (1999). Black Research Mathematicians in the United States. African Americans in Mathematics II: Fourth Conference for African-American Researchers in the Mathematical Sciences, June 16–19, 1998, Rice University, Houston, Texas. Contemporary Mathematics. Vol. 252. American Mathematical Society. pp. 165–168. doi:10.1090/conm/252/13.
  8. ^ Shakil, M. "African Americans in Mathematical Sciences - A Chronological Introduction". Polygon. Miami Dade College: 27–42. Retrieved 10 June 2020.
  9. ^ a b c d e f Williams, Scott W. (2008). "Gloria Ford Gilmer". Black Women in Mathematics. State University of New York at Buffalo. Retrieved 10 June 2020.
  10. ^ "Gloria Gilmer Abstract". www.agnesscott.edu. Retrieved 2020-06-10.
  11. ^ a b Gilmer, Gloria (2008). "Mathematical Patterns in African American Hairstyles". Mathematicians of the African Diaspora. Retrieved 10 June 2020.
  12. ^ Bangura, Abdul Karim (2011). African Mathematics: From Bones to Computers. University Press of America. ISBN 978-0-7618-5348-0.
  13. ^ "Ethnomathematics: An African American Perspective On Developing Women In Mathematics". www.nottingham.ac.uk. Retrieved 2020-06-10.
  14. ^ "Main Page". ISGEm International Study Group on Ethnomathematics. Archived from the original on 28 March 2015. Retrieved 10 June 2020.
  15. ^ "Cox-Talbot Lecture". National Association of Mathematicians. Archived from the original on 14 February 2021. Retrieved 10 June 2020.
  16. ^ "Milwaukeean becomes first Black woman mathematician to have her papers in Library of Congress manuscript collection". Journal Sentinel. Retrieved 2023-02-21.
  17. ^ "Milwaukee mathematician, teacher inspired Black students to see math within themselves". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Retrieved 2022-01-15.
  18. ^ "Mrs. Gloria Ford Gilmer". Northwest Funeral Chapel. Retrieved 15 November 2023.
  19. ^ "The AMS Claytor-Gilmer Fellowship". American Mathematical Society. Retrieved 2021-05-24.
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