Gilkyson is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
- Eliza Gilkyson (born 1950), Austin, Texas-based folk musician, daughter of Terry
- Terry Gilkyson (1916–1999), American folk singer, composer, and lyricist, father of Eliza and Tony
- Tony Gilkyson (born 1952), Los Angeles based musician, son of Terry
- Stephen R. Gilkyson, a Lieutenant Colonel of the 6th New Jersey in the American Civil War