George Tierney PC (20 March 1761 – 25 January 1830) was an Irish Whig politician. For much of his career he was in opposition to the governments of William Pitt and Lord Liverpool. From 1818 to 1821 he was Leader of the Opposition in the House of Commons.

George Tierney
Treasurer of the Navy
In office
1803–1804
MonarchGeorge III
Prime MinisterHenry Addington
Preceded byCharles Bragge
Succeeded byGeorge Canning
President of the Board of Control
In office
1806–1807
MonarchGeorge III
Prime MinisterThe Lord Grenville
Preceded byThomas Grenville
Succeeded byHon. Robert Dundas
Master of the Mint
In office
1827–1828
MonarchGeorge IV
Prime MinisterGeorge Canning
The Viscount Goderich
Preceded byHon. William Wellesley-Pole
Succeeded byJohn Charles Herries
Personal details
Born(1761-03-20)20 March 1761
Gibraltar
Died25 January 1830(1830-01-25) (aged 68)
Savile Row, London
NationalityBritish/Irish
Political partyWhig
Alma materPeterhouse, Cambridge

Background and education

edit

Born in Gibraltar, Tierney was the son of Thomas Tierney, a wealthy Irish merchant of London, who was living in Gibraltar as prize agent. He was sent to Eton and Peterhouse, Cambridge, where he took the degree of Law in 1784.[1] He was called to the bar from Lincoln's Inn in the same year,[1] but abandoned law and plunged into politics.[2] On 10 July 1789 he married Anna Maria Miller of Stapleton in Gloucestershire; she died in 1844.[3]

Political career

edit
 
In Le Boureau (1798), James Gillray caricatured Tierney as a French executioner.

Early career

edit

Tierney contested Colchester in 1788, when both candidates received the same number of votes, but Tierney was declared elected. He was, however, defeated in the 1790 general election.[2]

He returned to Parliament in 1796 for Southwark and sat for that seat until 1806, and then represented in turn Athlone (1806–1807), Bandon (1807–1812), Appleby (1812–1818), and Knaresborough (1818–1830).[2] During his early years in Parliament he was known for his radical views and was a supporter of Charles James Fox. The French Revolution of 1789 was a polarising force in British Whig politics with some supporting the revolution, and others such as Edmund Burke strongly opposed to it. Because of his radical views, Tierney was often portrayed in caricatures in the costume of a French revolutionary.

Duel

edit

When Charles James Fox seceded from the House of Commons, Tierney emerged as one of the most prominent opponents of William Pitt's foreign policy. In May 1798, Pitt accused him of want of patriotism. A duel ensued at Putney Heath on Sunday, 27 May 1798; but neither combatant was injured.[2]

Office

edit

In 1803, Tierney, partly because peace had been ratified with France at Amiens, and partly because Pitt was out of office, joined the ministry of Henry Addington as Treasurer of the Navy, and was created a Privy Councillor; but this alienated many of his supporters among the middle classes, and offended most of the influential Whigs. On the death of Fox in 1806 he joined William Grenville's Ministry of All the Talents as President of the Board of Control, with a seat in the cabinet, and thus brought himself once more into line with the Whigs.[2] He left office the following year when Grenville's government fell and was replaced by the Tories, who were to dominate office for the next generation. Tierney was in opposition for the following twenty years.

Opposition

edit

About a year after the death of George Ponsonby in 1817, Tierney reluctantly became the recognised leader of the opposition in the House of Commons. At first he was successful, with Whig gains being made at the 1818 general election. On 18 May 1819, Tierney moved a motion in the House of Commons for a committee on the state of the nation. This motion was defeated by 357 to 178, which was a division involving the largest number of MPs until the debates over the Reform bill in the early 1830s. Foord comments that "this defeat put an effective end to Tierney's leadership... Tierney did not disclaim the leadership until 23 Jan. 1821 ..., but he had ceased to exercise its functions since the great defeat".

Final years

edit
 
Late in his career Tierney joined the government of Tory George Canning.

In George Canning's ministry, he was Master of the Mint, and when Lord Goderich succeeded to the lead Tierney was admitted to the cabinet; but he was already suffering from ill-health and died suddenly at Savile Row, London.[4][2]

References

edit
  1. ^ a b "Tierney, George (TNY778G)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
  2. ^ a b c d e f Chisholm 1911.
  3. ^ Burke, Edmund (1845). "Appendix to Chronicle - Deaths - March". The Annual Register, or a View of the History and Politics of the Year 1844. 86: 225.
  4. ^ Hamilton 1898.

Attribution:

Sources

edit
  • Parliamentary Election Results in Ireland 1801–1922, edited by B. M. Walker (Royal Irish Academy 1978).
  • His Majesty's Opposition 1714–1830, by Archibald S. Foord (Oxford University Press 1964)
edit
Parliament of Great Britain
Preceded byH Member of Parliament for Colchester
1788–1790
With: Sir Robert Smyth, Bt
Succeeded by
Preceded by Member of Parliament for Southwark
1796–1800
With: Henry Thornton
Succeeded by
Parliament of the United Kingdom
Parliament of the United Kingdom
Preceded by
Parliament of Great Britain
Member of Parliament for Southwark
1801–1806
With: Henry Thornton
Succeeded by
Preceded by Member of Parliament for Athlone
1806–1807
Succeeded by
Preceded by Member of Parliament for Bandon
1807–1812
Succeeded by
Preceded by Member of Parliament for Appleby
1812–1818
With: James Lowther
Succeeded by
Preceded by Member of Parliament for Knaresborough
1818–1830
With: Sir James Mackintosh
Succeeded by
Political offices
Preceded by Treasurer of the Navy
1803–1804
Succeeded by
Preceded by President of the Board of Control
1806–1807
Succeeded by
Preceded by Master of the Mint
1827–1828
Succeeded by
Preceded by Leader of the Opposition in the House of Commons
1818–1821
Vacant
Title next held by
Viscount Althorp from 1830
Party political offices
Preceded by Leader of the Whig Party in the House of Commons
1818–1821
Vacant
Title next held by
Viscount Althorp from 1830