Falcon Dam

Falcon Dam
Falcon Dam
	Falcon Dam
	Location of Falcon Dam in Mexico
Location	Starr County, Texas, USA / Guerrero Municipality, Tamaulipas, Mexico
Coordinates	26°33′32″N 99°09′53″W / 26.55889°N 99.16472°W
Construction began	1950
Opening date	1954
Construction cost	$35 million (U.S. Share)
Dam and spillways
Impounds	Rio Grande
Height	150 ft (46 m)
Length	26,294 ft (8,014 m)
Width (base)	35 ft (11 m) (Crest)
Reservoir
Creates	Falcon International Reservoir
Total capacity	2,645,646 acre⋅ft (3.263356×109 m3)
Surface area	87,400 acres (354 km2)
Power Station
Turbines	6 x 10.5 MW Francis
Installed capacity	63 MW

Falcon Dam (Spanish: Presa Falcón) is an earthen embankment dam on the Rio Grande between Starr County in the U.S. state of Texas and the city of Nueva Ciudad Guerrero in the Mexican state of Tamaulipas. The dam was built for water conservation, irrigation, hydroelectric power generation, flood control, and recreational purposes and as an international border crossing between Zapata and Starr Counties and Tamaulipas. Construction on the dam began in December 1950 and ended in April 1954 but it was dedicated by Mexican President Adolfo Ruiz Cortines and U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower in October 1953.^[2]^[3]

Construction

The Falcon Dam was authorized by the Treaty relating to the utilization of waters of the Colorado and Tijuana Rivers and of the Rio Grande or Water Treaty of 1944 between Mexico and the United States. Construction on the dam began on 15 December 1950 and the reservoir began to fill on 25 August 1953. The dam was dedicated on 19 October 1953 and work was officially complete on 8 April 1954. By October 1954, the dam's hydroelectric power station began to produce electricity.^[1]

Characteristics

The U.S. Power Station

The Falcon Dam is a 150 ft (46 m) high and 26,294 ft (8,014 m) long earthen embankment dam. The dam is made of 12,600,000 cu yd (9,633,391 m³) of earth-fill, 282,000 cu yd (215,604 m³) of concrete and 10,300 short tons (9,344 t) of reinforced steel. The center of the dam is over-topped with a 1,300 ft (396 m) long spillway with widths ranging from 350 ft (107 m) at the top and 600 ft (183 m) at the bottom. The spillway is controlled by six 50 ft × 50 ft (15 m × 15 m) fixed wheel gates and can release up to 456,000 cu ft/s (12,912 m³/s) downstream.^[1]

The Falcon Dam supplies water to two different hydroelectric power plants, one on the Mexican side and another on the U.S. side. Each power plant contains 3 x 10.5 MW Francis turbine generators for a combined total of 63 MW. Each power plant also receives water from the reservoir via 4 x 13 ft (4 m) diameter penstocks. The two extra penstocks are for an additional generator if needed.^[1]

The Falcon Dam created the Falcon International Reservoir that has a volume of 2,645,646 acre⋅ft (3.263356×10⁹ m³) and a surface area of 87,400 acres (354 km²).^[1]

Border crossing

The Falcon Dam Port of Entry is a port of entry at the Falcon Dam to the United States on the Mexican border. It is essentially a replacement for the former Zapata Port of Entry, which was situated at a bridge in the town of Zapata, Texas. When the dam was completed, the town was moved to higher ground, and the Zapata Bridge now lies at the bottom of Falcon Lake.

2010 Plot

In June 2010, U.S. authorities revealed that the Los Zetas drug cartel had planned to destroy the Falcon Dam to terrorize the rival Gulf Cartel, which smuggles drugs in the area. Small amounts of dynamite discovered near the dam and a copy of a warning helped alert authorities. A larger U.S. and Mexican security presence in the area may have thwarted the attack that Los Zetas had reportedly warned civilians about on the Mexican side of the border.^[4]