The Evanioidea are a small hymenopteran superfamily that includes three extant families, two of which (Aulacidae and Gasteruptiidae) are much more closely related to one another than they are to the remaining family, Evaniidae. The rich fossil record, however, helps fill in the gaps between these lineages. They all share the trait of having the metasoma attached very high above the hind coxae on the propodeum.
| Evanioidea Temporal range:
| |
|---|---|
| |
| Evania appendigaster | |
| |
| Gasteruption | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Suborder: | Apocrita |
| Superfamily: | Evanioidea Latreille 1802 |
| Families | |
|
Aulacidae | |
It is a poorly known group as a whole, with some 1100 known species in total, and a great many species are still undescribed. While each of the three families differs in biology, within each family, they are remarkably uniform in appearance and habits.
The oldest records of the group date to the Middle Jurassic, and were diverse from the Middle Jurassic to mid Cretaceous, however, during the mid-Cretaceous they were overtaken in diversity by the Ichneumonoidea, and since the end of the Cretaceous have a relatively scant fossil record.[1]
Classification
editEarly-diverging families
- Family †Praeaulacidae Rasnitsyn, 1975
- Family †Nevaniidae Zhang & Rasnitsyn, 2007
- Family †Othniodellithidae Engel & Huang, 2016
Neoevaniodes Engel, 2006
- Family †Anomopterellidae Rasnitsyn, 1975
- Aulaciformes Grimaldi & Engel, 2005
- Family †Baissidae Rasnitsyn, 1975
- Euaulacides Engel, 2006
- Family Gasteruptiidae Ashmead, 1900
- Subfamily †Hypselogastriinae Engel, 2016
- Subfamily †Kotujellitinae Rasnitsyn, 1991
- Subfamily Hyptiogastrinae Crosskey, 1953
- Subfamily Gasteruptiinae Ashmead, 1900
- Family Aulacidae Shuckard, 1841
- Subfamily †Hyptiogastritinae Engel, 2006
- Tribe †Archeofoenini Engel, 2017
- Tribe †Hyptiogastritini Engel, 2006
- Subfamily Aulacinae Shuckard, 1841
- Tribe †Electrofoenini Cockerell, 1917
- Tribe Aulacini Shuckard, 1841
- Subfamily †Hyptiogastritinae Engel, 2006
- Family Gasteruptiidae Ashmead, 1900
- Evaniiformes Grimaldi & Engel, 2005
- Family Evaniidae Latreille, 1802
References
edit- ^ Jouault, Corentin; Maréchal, Arthur; Condamine, Fabien L; Wang, Bo; Nel, André; Legendre, Frédéric; Perrichot, Vincent (2022). "Including fossils in phylogeny: a glimpse into the evolution of the superfamily Evanioidea (Hymenoptera: Apocrita) under tip-dating and the fossilized birth–death process". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 194 (4): 1396–1423. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab034. ISSN 0024-4082.
External links
edit
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