Wikipedia

Dr. Octagonecologyst

Dr. Octagonecologyst is the debut solo studio album by American rapper and Ultramagnetic MCs member Kool Keith, released under the alias Dr. Octagon.[5] Originally titled Dr. Octagon, it was released on May 7, 1996, on Bulk Recordings in the United States and Mo' Wax in the United Kingdom. The album was reissued with a different track listing by DreamWorks Records in 1997 under the title Dr. Octagonecologyst. The album was produced by Dan "The Automator" Nakamura and featured the work of turntablist DJ Qbert. KutMasta Kurt provided additional production work. The artwork for Dr. Octagonecologyst was drawn by Brian "Pushead" Schroeder.

Dr. Octagonecologyst
Studio album by
Dr. Octagon
ReleasedMay 7, 1996
Recorded1995–1996
StudioThe Glue Factory (San Francisco)
Genre
Length
  • 68:34 (original issue)
  • 65:48 (reissue)
Label
Producer
Kool Keith chronology
Dr. Octagonecologyst
(1996) 		Big Time
(1996)
Singles from Dr. Octagonecologyst
  1. "Earth People"
    Released: 1995
  2. "3000"
    Released: 1996
  3. "Blue Flowers"
    Released: 1996

Dr. Octagonecologyst introduces the character of Dr. Octagon, a homicidal, extraterrestrial, time-traveling gynecologist and surgeon. The album's distinctive sound fuses genres such as psychedelic music, trip hop and electronic music. Thornton's lyrics are often abstract, absurd, and avant-garde, using surrealism, non-sequiturs, hallucinatory psychedelia, and horror and science-fiction imagery, as well as sexual humor, absurdist/surrealistic humor, and juvenile humor.[6]

Kool Keith's lyrics and Nakamura's production were highly praised, as was DJ Qbert's innovative scratching. Dr. Octagonecologyst has since been ranked as one of the best hip hop albums of the 1990s. The character of Dr. Octagon has also appeared in Kool Keith projects like First Come, First Served (1999) and Dr. Dooom 2 (2008), both of which contain tracks in which Octagon is murdered by Dr. Dooom, The Return of Dr. Octagon, Moosebumps: An Exploration Into Modern Day Horripilation and Space Goretex. Kool Keith later stated that the album sold around 200,000 copies without any major promotion or marketing budget.

Music

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Production

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Ultramagnetic MCs member Keith "Kool Keith" Thornton was seeking a new project after the release of his group's third album, The Four Horsemen, in 1993. Keith and producer KutMasta Kurt – who were working on a variety of demos together – recorded two songs called "Dr. Octagon" and "Technical Difficulties".[7] Thornton mailed the songs to radio stations as well as giving copies to several DJs and record producer Dan the Automator. This led to Nakamura's role in producing the album.[7] Dr. Octagonecologyst was recorded in Automator's studio in the basement of his parents' San Francisco home.[8]

 
DJ Qbert made fundamental contributions to the album's production with his innovative scratching.

Dr. Octagonecologyst has been praised for its original sound, which has often been attributed to Nakamura.[9] However, Thornton states that he was largely involved with the production of the album.[10] Thornton is quoted as saying "Automator and Kurt are probably receiving more credit than I did, but I was a big musical person behind Octagon."[10] Nakamura has said he wanted Dr. Octagonecologyst to stand out from other hip hop albums, citing the music of Eric B. & Rakim, Mantronix, and Run-D.M.C. as influences.[11] Nakamura said, "Hip-hop was always inventive. Then the '90s hit and everyone wants to be Dr. Dre; no one wants to be their own thing anymore. Everyone now wants to have the Lexus and deal pounds of drugs. We don't do that. That's not our lifestyle. You don't see us coming out with the fur coat. There's more to music than that."[11] The album incorporates organic instrumentation and features Moog synthesizer, flute, and string instruments.[11]

Dialogue excerpts from pornographic films appear on multiple tracks.[12] On the Bulk Recordings edition of the album, "halfsharkalligatorhalfman" is preceded by an excerpt from the comedy film Cabin Boy.[13] Lily Moayeri of Rolling Stone called the album a "psychedelic hip-hop concept album."[14] AllMusic reviewer Steve Huey wrote that the album "shed some light on the burgeoning turntablist revival via the scratching fireworks of DJ Q-Bert" and its "futuristic, horror-soundtrack production seemed to bridge the gap between hip-hop and the more electronic-oriented trip-hop".[6] Steve "Flash" Juon of RapReviews also praised its sound, writing that "Cuts are provided with infinite skill and precision by DJ Q-Bert" and that the DJ Shadow/Automator remix of "Waiting List" is "so good that you could hardly miss the original, if indeed there was one."[15] An instrumental version of the album was released in 1996 under the title Instrumentalyst (Octagon Beats). Kembrew McLeod of AllMusic wrote of the instrumental album, stating "If any other artist released an album such as this it would be considered throwaway trash—something for the hardcore fans. But Dan the Automator's backing tracks are so fresh and original, it's actually nice to just hear the beats minus the rhymes."[9]

Lyrical themes and storyline

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Thornton received praise for his unconventional lyrics.

Thornton has been praised[6][12][15] for his lyrics, which are often abstract,[15] surreal,[16] and filled with non-sequiturs and juvenile humor.[6] Music critic Chairman Mao wrote that Dr. Octagonecologyst occupies "...the heretofore-undefined area where hip-hop meets hallucinatory sci-fi and porn."[12] In the album's narrative, Dr. Octagon is an extraterrestrial, time-traveling gynecologist and surgeon[6][12] originally from Jupiter.[15] Dr. Octagon's history is detailed throughout the album's songs, skits, and samples.[16] "Real Raw" describes him as having yellow eyes, green skin, and a pink-and-white Afro haircut.[16] "General Hospital," "A Visit to the Gynecologist," and "Elective Surgery" detail a list of services offered by Octagon, who claims to treat chimpanzee acne and moosebumps, and relocating saliva glands.[16] Octagon is described as being incompetent, as many of his surgery patients die as he conducts his rounds.[12] Octagon also pretends to be a female gynecologist and often has sex with female patients and nurses.[6]

According to Mickey Hess, author of Is Hip Hop Dead? The Past, Present, and Future of America's Most-Wanted Music, "The album's beginning and ending tie together the stories of the fictional character Dr. Octagon and the rap career of Kool Keith Thornton himself: We begin with '3000' and end with '1977,' which purports to be an audio recording from an early rap performance by Kool Keith ... announcing a 1977 rap show featuring ... pioneers Grandmaster Flash, Kool Herc, the L Brothers, and the original scratch creator Grand Wizzard Theodore. The message is clear: Kool Keith is a part of hip-hop history, and even as rap moves on to the future, Dr. Octagon does not replace Kool Keith."[16]

Singles

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"Earth People," released in 1995 on Bulk Recordings, was the first single from the album.[17] The 12-inch single featured the songs "No Awareness (Lyrical Hydraulics)", "Bear Witness (Q-Bert Gets Biz)", and the "Interstellar Time Travel" and "Earth Planet" mixes of "Earth People".[17] "3000" and "Blue Flowers" followed as singles in 1996.[18][19] The "3000" 12-inch also featured the "Automator 1.2 Remix", "Bear Witness (Automator's Two Turntables and a Razor Blade Re-Edit)", and "Tricknology 101".[18]

The "Blue Flowers" 12-inch single release featured the original and instrumental versions of the song, the "Automator Remix", and the instrumental version of the remix.[19] The "Blue Flowers" maxi single featured the original vocal and instrumental versions, the vocal and instrumental versions of the "Automator Remix", the "Flower Bed Mix *2" by DJ Crystl, the "Secondary Diagnostic Mix" by Photek, and the DJ Hype remix.[20] A second 12-inch single of "Blue Flowers" featured vocal and instrumental versions of the "Automator's Stop Confusing Me Remake", vocal and instrumental versions of Prince Paul's "So Beautiful Mix", the a cappella version of the song, and the track "halfsharkalligatorhalfman".[21] A second maxi single of "Blue Flowers" featured, in addition to earlier mixes of the song, vocal and instrumental versions of the "Meditation Mix" by KutMasta Kurt.[22] A third 12-inch single was released featuring remixes by DJ Hype and Photek.[23]

Release and reception

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Dan Nakamura received praise for the album's production.
Professional ratings
Review scores
SourceRating
AllMusic     [6]
Alternative Press4/5[24]
Entertainment WeeklyC[25]
Mojo     [26]
Muzik     [27]
NME7/10[28]
Pitchfork8.7/10[29]
Rolling Stone     [12]
The Rolling Stone Album Guide     [30]
Spin8/10[31]

The album was initially released by Bulk Recordings on May 7, 1996, under the shorter title Dr. Octagon.[11] Although the album sold relatively well, Nakamura has said it was under-promoted because it was released by an independent label.[11] In the United States, the album was issued by Bulk Records on vinyl as a double LP,[32] and on compact disc with bonus tracks,.[33] Separately, it was also issued by Mo' Wax in the UK as a triple LP and CD, reflecting the track listing of the Bulk Recordings compact disc.[34] "When we did this record we thought of it as an underground joint", Nakamura said.[11] None of the offers made by major record companies appealed to Nakamura and Thornton until DreamWorks Records offered to release the album nationally.[11] In 1997, the label released the full album in the US under the extended title Dr. Octagonecologyst, which featured five new songs.[11] Dr. Octagonecologyst was re-released on triple vinyl in June 2017 by Geffen/UMe/Universal via Get on Down, which included the original album, unreleased tracks from the era, and remixes.[35]

In promotion of the album, Thornton planned to perform under the Dr. Octagon name. These performances were supposed to feature a full live band, an on-stage breakdancer, and appearances by Invisibl Skratch Piklz.[11] It's unclear why they did not play these shows, but Thornton, Nakamura, and DJ Q-Bert played for the first time together on March 6, 2017, in San Francisco.[36] Nakamura has referred to Dr. Octagon as a three-person group rather than an alias of Thornton,[37] and these claims were reported by the press.[38]

Dr. Octagonecologyst received largely positive reviews. Although it did not chart,[39] Nakamura said the album sold well, even during its initial underground release. "We didn't have records in every store. We'd have 10 copies in Tower and the next day they'd be sold out, and then we wouldn't get another copy in for another month."[11] Robert Christgau gave the album an honorable mention, citing the album's introduction and the songs "Earth People" and "Wild and Crazy" as highlights, and writing simply "the shock horror! the shock horror! the perhaps authentically crazy! [sic]"[40] NME described the album as "nineteen strong doses of pure, undiluted hip-hop."[28] Steve "Flash" Juon of RapReviews wrote that "If you aren't laughing, you should be bugging. Kool Keith obviously doesn't care. You should, though, because like every other record Keith has ever been on, it will be hailed ten years from now as a classic."[15] Chairman Mao of Rolling Stone remarked that "Kool Keith leads and oversees the chaos with a Zappa-esque commitment to decadence."[12]

Alternative Press praised the album's "deep, dubby bass lines, spooky melodic riffs and consistently heavy beats",[24] while The New York Times called it "one of the most progressive rap projects to be released in the past year."[41] JazzTimes lauded Thornton's lyrics, writing that his "...oddball excursions reach near-cinematic levels."[42] Melody Maker called it "bloody essential" and stated, "While commercial American hip hop is slithering into an insipid mire of soulless, identikit swingbeat, Dr. Octagon has made an album swathed in character [...] Get yer prescription fixed."[43] The Source awarded Dr. Octagonecologyst 3.5 out of 5 mics, calling it a "quality album with the proper ingredients".[44] In a more critical review, Entertainment Weekly writer David Browne praised the album's production but disliked Thornton's "inane, often gruesome" lyrics, instead recommending the album's instrumental counterpart Instrumentalyst to listeners.[25]

Following initial reactions to the album, Dr. Octagonecologyst continued to earn praise from contemporary writers and music critics. In the Virgin Encyclopedia of Popular Music, the album received a rating of four out of five stars.[45] In The New Rolling Stone Album Guide, Peter Relic described it as a "slab of mondo bizzaro brilliance... totally unlike anything else and totally right".[30] PopMatters columnist Michael Frauenhofer called it "a landmark album of dope beats and mind-bending experimental flows."[46] Steve Huey of AllMusic wrote that the album "remains as startling and original as the day it was released."[6] In 2017, Pitchfork reviewer Nate Patrin wrote that "Dr. Octagonecologyst still feels as much out of its time as it does out of its mind."[29] Thornton, however, has since dismissed the album, saying that it unfairly overshadows his later work, and that the only new audience it attracted was white.[6]

Influence

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Allmusic reviewer Steve Huey wrote that Dr. Octagonecologyst "...attracted more attention than any non-mainstream rap album in quite a while, thanks to its inventive production and Keith's bizarre, free-associative rhymes." Huey also states that Dr. Octagonecologyst represented "...the first truly new, genuine alternative to commercial hip-hop since the Native Tongues' heyday. It appealed strongly to alternative audiences who'd grown up with rap music, but simply hadn't related to it since the rise of gangsta".[6] Thornton expressed some frustration with the Dr. Octagon nickname, saying, "I just made a record. I was an artist on a project, and I think people misconcepted [sic] that I was an artist on a project. Octagon wasn't my life...I've done a lot of things that were totally around different things other than Octagon. Are some people just afraid to venture off into my life and see that I do other things which are great? I think people stuck me with something."[7]

In 1999, Thornton introduced the character of Dr. Dooom on the album First Come, First Served (1999). The album featured a track in which the character murdered Dr. Octagon.[47] In 2002, Thornton announced The Resurrection of Dr. Octagon, a proposed sequel to Dr. Octagonecologyst that would reintroduce the character.[10] The resulting album, The Return of Dr. Octagon released in 2006, was largely produced without Thornton's involvement, based upon three completed vocal tracks and reconstructed outtakes.[48] Thornton later produced Dr. Dooom 2 in response to The Return of Dr. Octagon.[7] Later, Thornton revived the character for the albums Moosebumps: An Exploration Into Modern Day Horripilation and Space Goretex.

In 2006, Dr. Octagonecologyst was ranked among the 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die by Robert Dimery.[49]

In 2011, DIS magazine released a 32-minute mixtape, "Octagonecologyst (Sandra Bernhard Remix)" by Feminine Itch, which married instrumentals from the album with Sandra Bernhard's stand-up comedy.

Track listing

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‡ Removed from final release
Dr. Octagon (Bulk Recordings/Mo' Wax Edition)
No.TitleWriter(s)Producer(s)Length
1."Intro"NakamuraDan the Automator1:16
2."3000"Thornton, NakamuraDan the Automator3:20
3."I Got to Tell You"Thornton, NakamuraDan the Automator0:48
4."Earth People"Thornton, NakamuraDan the Automator4:46
5."No Awareness" (featuring Sir Menelik)Thornton, Nakamura, CollingtonDan the Automator4:55
6."Technical Difficulties ‡"Thornton, MatlinKutMasta Kurt2:54
7."General Hospital"NakamuraDan the Automator0:26
8."Blue Flowers"Thornton, NakamuraDan the Automator3:17
9."A Visit to the Gynecologyst"NakamuraDan the Automator2:20
10."Bear Witness"Thornton, NakamuraDan the Automator3:00
11."Dr. Octagon" (featuring Sir Menelik)Thornton, Matlin, CollingtonKutMasta Kurt4:37
12."Girl Let Me Touch You"Thornton, NakamuraDan the Automator3:40
13."I'm Destructive"Thornton, NakamuraDan the Automator3:25
14."Wild and Crazy"Thornton, NakamuraDan the Automator4:27
15."Elective Surgery"Thornton, NakamuraDan the Automator0:52
16."On Production ‡" (featuring Sir Menelik)Thornton, Nakamura, CollingtonDan the Automator2:43
17."Biology 101 ‡" (featuring Sir Menelik)Thornton, Nakamura, CollingtonDan the Automator4:57
18."Earth People (Earth Planet Mix) ‡"Thornton, NakamuraDan the Automator4:42
19."Waiting List" (DJ Shadow/Automator Mix)
(Contains the hidden track "halfsharkalligatorhalfman")		Thornton, NakamuraDan the Automator11:35
† Not featured on original release
Dr. Octagonecologyst (DreamWorks Records edition)
No.TitleWriter(s)Producer(s)Length
1."Intro"NakamuraDan the Automator1:16
2."3000"Thornton, NakamuraDan the Automator3:20
3."I Got to Tell You"Thornton, NakamuraDan the Automator0:48
4."Earth People"Thornton, NakamuraDan the Automator4:58
5."No Awareness" (featuring Sir Menelik)Thornton, Nakamura, CollingtonDan the Automator4:25
6."Real Raw †"Thornton, NakamuraDan the Automator5:35
7."General Hospital"NakamuraDan the Automator0:26
8."Blue Flowers"Thornton, NakamuraDan the Automator3:17
9."Technical Difficulties (Remix) †"Thornton, MatlinKutMasta Kurt2:57
10."A Visit to the Gynecologyst"NakamuraDan the Automator2:20
11."Bear Witness"Thornton, NakamuraDan the Automator3:00
12."Dr. Octagon" (featuring Sir Menelik)Thornton, Matlin, CollingtonKutMasta Kurt4:37
13."Girl Let Me Touch You"Thornton, NakamuraDan the Automator3:40
14."I'm Destructive"Thornton, NakamuraDan the Automator3:25
15."Wild and Crazy"Thornton, NakamuraDan the Automator4:27
16."Elective Surgery"Thornton, NakamuraDan the Automator0:52
17."halfsharkalligatorhalfman"Thornton, NakamuraDan the Automator4:29
18."Blue Flowers Revisited †"Thornton, NakamuraDan the Automator4:15
19."Waiting List" (DJ Shadow/Automator Mix)Thornton, NakamuraDan the Automator5:09
20."1977 †"Thornton, NakamuraDan the Automator2:24
Total length:65:48

Accolades

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Accolades for Dr. Octagonecologyst
Publication Country Accolade Year Rank
Blow Up Italy 600 Essential Albums[citation needed] 2005 —
Ego Trip USA Hip Hop's Greatest Albums by Year 1980–1998[50] 1999 12
Pitchfork Media USA Top 100 Albums of the 1990s[51] 2003 71
Robert Dimery USA 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die[52] 2005 —
Spin USA The 90 Greatest Albums of the 90s[53] 1999 86
Hip Hop Connection UK The 100 Greatest Rap Albums 1995–2005[54] 2006 90

Personnel

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Information taken from liner notes.

Musicians

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  • Kool Keith – vocals, bass guitar (tracks 8, 13, 14 and 17)
  • Dan the Automator – violin, keyboards
  • Andy Boy – banjo, guitar (track 13)
  • Phil Bright – guitar (track 4), bass guitar (track 12)
  • Curt Kobane – clarinet, flute
  • Gordon Chumway – drums
  • Burt King Kong – organ, piano
  • DJ Q-Bert – turntables, harp
  • Kelly Wootan – tambourine

Additional personnel

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  • Dan the Automator – producer, mixing, mastering
  • Gordon Chumway – second engineer
  • Pushead – illustrations
  • Mark Senasac – mastering
  • Phillip Collington (Chewbacca Uncircumcised) – composition

References

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  1. ^ "50 Greatest East Coast Hip-Hop Albums of the 1990s". The Boombox. October 20, 2017. Retrieved September 14, 2024.
  2. ^ Brian, Capitao (2019-10-01). "Deciphering Kool Keith: The Man Behind Dr. Octagon and Dr. Dooom". CentralSauce. Archived from the original on 2022-04-21. Retrieved 2022-04-19.
  3. ^ Wang, Oliver (March 29, 2018). "Kool Keith And Dan The Automator Make Rap Weird Again As Dr. Octagon". NPR.
  4. ^ Bromfield, Daniel (June 6, 2018). "Ski Mask the Slump God: Beware the Book of Eli". Spectrum Culture. Retrieved 2023-08-17.
  5. ^ Patrin, Nate (May 24, 2017). "Dr. Octagon: Dr. Octagonecologyst Album Review". Pitchfork Media.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Huey, Steve. "Dr. Octagonecologyst – Dr. Octagon". AllMusic. Retrieved February 26, 2013.
  7. ^ a b c d Downs, David (November 21, 2008). "Kool Keith and KutMasta Kurt". The A.V. Club. Retrieved 2009-01-27.
  8. ^ Coleman, Brian. Check the Technique: Volume 2: More Liner Notes for Hip-Hop Junkies. Wax Facts Press.
  9. ^ a b McLeod, Kembrew. "Review of The Instrumentalyst (Octagon Beats)". Allmusic. Retrieved 2009-01-27.
  10. ^ a b c Goodman, Abbey (April 5, 2002). "All The Voices In Kool Keith's Head Working On New Albums". MTV News. Archived from the original on August 14, 2002. Retrieved 13 December 2008.
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Kool Keith gets freaky as Dr. Octagon". Synthesis. May 30, 1997. Archived from the original on May 25, 2008. Retrieved January 27, 2009.
  12. ^ a b c d e f g Mao, Chairman (May 28, 1997). "Dr. Octagon: Dr. Octagonecologyst". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on December 21, 2007. Retrieved July 17, 2016.
  13. ^ Jenkins, Sacha; Wilson, Elliott; Chairman Mao; Alvarez, Gabriel; Rollins, Brent (1999). "You Might Have Missed". Ego Trip's Book of Rap Lists. Macmillan Publishers. p. 311. ISBN 0-312-24298-0.
  14. ^ Moayeri, Lily (July 23, 2002). "Kool Keith Revives Dr. Octagon". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on February 22, 2008. Retrieved 25 January 2009.
  15. ^ a b c d e Juon, Steve (September 1996). "Review of Dr. Octagonecologyst". RapReviews. Retrieved 2009-01-27.
  16. ^ a b c d e Hess, Mickey (2007). "The Rap Persona". Is Hip Hop Dead? The Past, Present, and Future of America's Most-Wanted Music. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 75–76. ISBN 978-0-275-99461-7.
  17. ^ a b "Information for "Earth People" 12-inch single". Discogs. Retrieved 2009-01-27.
  18. ^ a b ""3000" 12"". Discogs. Retrieved 2009-01-27.
  19. ^ a b "Information for "Blue Flowers" 12-inch single". Discogs. Retrieved 2009-01-27.
  20. ^ "Information for "Blue Flowers" Maxi-Single". Discogs. Retrieved 2009-01-27.
  21. ^ "Information for "Blue Flowers" 12"". Discogs. Retrieved 2009-01-27.
  22. ^ "Information for "Blue Flowers" Maxi-Single". Discogs. Retrieved 2009-01-27.
  23. ^ "Information for "Blue Flowers (DJ Hype & Photek Remixes)"". Discogs. Retrieved 2009-01-27.
  24. ^ a b "Dr. Octagon: Dr. Octagonecologyst". Alternative Press. No. 99. October 1996. p. 83.
  25. ^ a b Browne, David (June 6, 1997). "Dr. Octagonecologyst". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved February 26, 2013.
  26. ^ Cowan, Andy (June 2017). "Dr. Octagon: Dr. Octagonecologyst". Mojo. No. 283. p. 100.
  27. ^ Ashon, Will (February 1996). "Doctor Octagon: Doctor Octagon" (PDF). Muzik. No. 9. p. 89. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 April 2022. Retrieved 14 July 2022.
  28. ^ a b "Dr. Octagon – Ecologyst". NME. May 25, 1996. Archived from the original on August 17, 2000. Retrieved July 17, 2016.
  29. ^ a b Patrin, Nate (May 24, 2017). "Dr. Octagon: Dr. Octagonecologyst". Pitchfork. Retrieved December 16, 2017.
  30. ^ a b Relic, Peter (2004). "Kool Keith". In Brackett, Nathan; Hoard, Christian (eds.). The New Rolling Stone Album Guide (4th ed.). Simon & Schuster. pp. 466–67. ISBN 0-7432-0169-8.
  31. ^ Frere-Jones, Sasha (August 1996). "Dr. Octagon: Dr. Octagon". Spin. Vol. 12, no. 5. p. 103. Retrieved July 17, 2016.
  32. ^ "Information for Dr. Octagonecologyst (2xLP)". Discogs. Retrieved February 10, 2009.
  33. ^ "Information for Dr. Octagonecologyst (CD)". Discogs. Retrieved 2009-02-10.
  34. ^ "Information for Dr. Octagonecologyst (3xLP)". Discogs. Retrieved February 10, 2009.
  35. ^ Caramanica, Jon (June 28, 2017). "A Bounty of Hip-Hop Classics, Resurrected". The New York Times. Retrieved July 9, 2017.
  36. ^ "Kool Keith, QBert, & Dan the Automator Will Perform Dr. Octagon Live for the First Time". 7 February 2017.
  37. ^ Downs, David (October 25, 2006). "Dashed Hoop Dreams". East Bay Express. Archived from the original on 27 February 2009. Retrieved January 25, 2009.
  38. ^ Kot, Greg (June 27, 1997). "Back to the Future: Dr. Octagon looks to the past to cure hip-hop". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on 26 February 2009. Retrieved 27 January 2009.
  39. ^ "Artist chart history for Dr. Octagon". Billboard. Archived from the original on February 27, 2009. Retrieved 2009-01-25.
  40. ^ Christgau, Robert (2000). Christgau's Consumer Guide: Albums of the '90s (revised ed.). Macmillan Publishers. p. 84. ISBN 0-312-24560-2.
  41. ^ "Prolific In Names And Songs". The New York Times. July 16, 1996. p. C13. Retrieved May 10, 2020.
  42. ^ "Review of Dr. Octagonecologyst". JazzTimes. October 1996. p. 81.
  43. ^ "Review of Dr. Octagonecologyst". Melody Maker. May 25, 1996. p. 50.
  44. ^ Morales, Rigs (March 1996). "Review of Dr. Octagonecologyst". The Source. No. 78. p. 102.
  45. ^ Larkin, Colin (2011). "Dr. Octagon". The Encyclopedia of Popular Music (5th concise ed.). Omnibus Press. ISBN 978-0-85712-595-8.
  46. ^ Frauenhofer, Michael (June 29, 2006). "Review of The Return of Dr. Octagon". PopMatters. Retrieved January 27, 2009.
  47. ^ Huey, Steve. "Review of First Come, First Served". Allmusic. Retrieved 2009-01-27.
  48. ^ Downs, David (September 27, 2006). "Kool Keith CD Scam Exposed". East Bay Express. Archived from the original on 27 February 2009. Retrieved 25 January 2009.
  49. ^ Dimery, Robert, ed. (2006). 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die. Universe Publishing. ISBN 0-7893-1371-5.
  50. ^ Jenkins, Sacha; Wilson, Elliott; Mao, Jeff "Chairman"; Alvarez, Gabriel; Rollins, Brent (1999). "Hip Hop's Greatest Albums by Year: 1996". Ego Trip's Book of Rap Lists. St. Martin's Press. p. 336. ISBN 0-312-24298-0.
  51. ^ "Top 100 Albums of the 1990s". Pitchfork. November 17, 2003. Retrieved February 11, 2024.
  52. ^ Dimery, Robert, ed. (2013). 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die (Revised and Updated ed.). Quintessence Editions. p. 774. ISBN 978-0-7893-2074-2 – via Internet Archive.
  53. ^ Coker, Cheo Hodari (September 1999). "The 90 Greatest Albums of the 90s". Spin. Vol. 15, no. 9. New York. p. 162. Retrieved February 11, 2024 – via Google Books.
  54. ^ "Top Albums 1995–2005". Hip-Hop Connection. No. 198. March 2006. pp. 45–74.
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