Wikipedia

David Chase

David Henry Chase[1][2] (born August 22, 1945) is an American writer, producer, and director. He is best known for being the creator, head writer, and executive producer of the HBO drama The Sopranos, which aired for six seasons between 1999 and 2007. Chase has also produced and written for shows such as The Rockford Files, I'll Fly Away, and Northern Exposure. He created the original series Almost Grown which aired for 10 episodes in 1988 and 1989. He has won seven Emmy Awards. Chase's film debut came in 2012 with Not Fade Away, followed by The Many Saints of Newark (2021), a prequel film to the TV series The Sopranos.

David Chase
Chase at the U.S. embassy in Dublin, January 2015
Born
David Henry Chase

(1945-08-22) August 22, 1945 (age 79)
Mount Vernon, New York, U.S.
EducationNew York University (BA)
Stanford University (MA)
Occupations
  • Screenwriter
  • showrunner
  • director
  • producer
Years active1974–present
Known forCreator of The Sopranos
SpouseDenise Kelly
Children1

Early life

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Chase was born into a working-class Italian American family in Mount Vernon, New York, as an only child to Norma (née Bucco) and Enrico "Henry" Chase, both born in 1908.

Norma was born in Essex County, New Jersey, as one of twelve children to Marian D'Agostino and Vito Bucco, who immigrated from Fossacesia, Abruzzo.[3][4][5] Henry was born in Providence, Rhode Island, as one of seven children, the son of Teresa Melfi, who was married to Giovanni DeCesare, 17 years her senior. Henry and his sister Evelina (Evelyn), however, were the biological children of Giuseppe "Joseph" Fusco, a 21-year-old Italian immigrant who was lodging with the DeCesares since 1904. Following Evelyn's birth in 1910, Melfi and Fusco eloped to Newark, New Jersey, with their two biological children, whose surnames Melfi subsequently changed from DeCesare to Chase to obscure their background; the couple kept their own surnames and raised another five children under Fusco's name (although the 1940 census lists both their surnames as "Fusca").[6][7][8] The DeCesare family reportedly originates from Ariano Irpino, Campania, but Chase's biological grandfather Joseph Fusco's birthplace is uncertain besides also being in Southern Italy.[3][9]

His father owned Wright's Hardware in Verona, New Jersey.[10][11][12] He grew up in a small garden apartment in Clifton, New Jersey,[10] and in North Caldwell, New Jersey.[13] He grew up watching matinée crime films and was well known as a creative storyteller.[14]

He has stated that he had many problems with his parents when he was a child.[15] He says that his father was an angry man who belittled him constantly, and his mother was a "passive-aggressive drama queen" and a "nervous woman who dominated any situation she was in by being so needy and always on the verge of hysteria." He based The Sopranos character Livia Soprano on his mother, naming her after a maternal aunt.[16][17]

Chase struggled with panic attacks and clinical depression as a teenager, something that he dealt with into adulthood. He graduated from high school in 1964 and attended Wake Forest University in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, where his depression worsened. "I slept 18 hours a day," he stated. He described his problems as "normal, nagging, clinical depression."[15] He also worked as a drummer during this period and aspired to be a professional musician.[18] After two years, he transferred to New York University where he chose to pursue a career in film—a decision that was not well received by his parents. He went on to attend Stanford University's School of Film, earning a Master of Arts degree in 1971.[19]

Career

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Chase started in Hollywood as a story editor for Kolchak: The Night Stalker and then produced episodes of The Rockford Files and Northern Exposure, among other series. He also worked as a writer of 19 episodes while on The Rockford Files—a show which he worked on in various capacities for more than four years.[15] He won several Emmy awards, including one for a television movie, Off the Minnesota Strip, the story of a runaway he scripted in 1980.[15] His first original created series was Almost Grown in 1988, with Eve Gordon and Timothy Daly.[20] Although the one-hour series was well received by critics,[21] only 10 episodes aired from November 1988 to February 1989.[22]

The Sopranos

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Chase with Lorraine Bracco, who played Jennifer Melfi, receiving the Peabody Award for The Sopranos in 2000

Chase worked in relative anonymity before The Sopranos debuted.[15] The story of The Sopranos was initially conceived as a feature film about "a mobster in therapy having problems with his mother".[23] Chase got some input from his manager Lloyd Braun and decided to adapt it into a television series.[23] He signed a development deal in 1995 with production company Brillstein-Grey and wrote the original pilot script.[15][19][24] He drew heavily from his personal life and his experiences growing up in New Jersey, and has stated that he tried to apply his own "family dynamic to mobsters".[17] For instance, the tumultuous relationship between series protagonist Tony Soprano and his mother Livia is partially based on Chase's relationship with his own mother.[17] He was also in psychotherapy at the time and modeled the character of Jennifer Melfi after his own psychiatrist.[25]

Chase had been fascinated by organized crime and the mafia from an early age, witnessing such people growing up. He also was raised on classic gangster films such as The Public Enemy and the crime series The Untouchables. The series is partly inspired by the Richard Boiardo family, a prominent New Jersey organized crime family when Chase was growing up, and partly on New Jersey's DeCavalcante family.[26] He has mentioned American playwrights Arthur Miller and Tennessee Williams as influences on the show's writing, and Italian director Federico Fellini as an important influence on the show's cinematic style.[27][28][29] The series was named after high school friends of his.[30][25]

Chase and producer Brad Grey pitched The Sopranos to several networks; Fox showed interest but passed on it after Chase presented them the pilot script.[24] They eventually pitched the show to Chris Albrecht, president of HBO Original Programming, who decided to finance a pilot episode[15][19] which was shot in 1997.[31][32] Chase directed it himself. They finished the pilot and showed it to HBO executives, but the show was put on hold for several months. During this time, Chase, who had long experienced frustration at being unable to break out of TV and into film,[15] considered asking HBO for additional funding to shoot 45 more minutes of footage and release The Sopranos as a feature film. In December 1997, HBO decided to produce the series and ordered 12 more episodes for a 13-episode season.[15][19][33] The show premiered on HBO on January 10, 1999, with the pilot "The Sopranos".

Thirty episodes of The Sopranos are explicitly credited to Chase; however, as the show's creator, showrunner, and head writer, he had a major role in all the scripts, including producing and touching up each script's final draft.[34] He also directed the pilot episode and the series finale (both of which he also wrote).

Of the intentionally ambiguous final scene of the series finale that aired on June 10, 2007, Chase said, "I have no interest in explaining, defending, reinterpreting, or adding to what is there."[35]

In 2022, Chase and Phil Abraham created a 2022 Super Bowl spot for Commonwealth / McCann with two characters from the show who appear in a 2021 New York City/New Jersey setting.[36]

In September 2024, HBO released a two-part documentary called Wise Guy: David Chase and the Sopranos.[37]

The Sopranos credits
Writer
Director
Actor
Chase appeared as a man sitting at an outdoor cafe in Naples, Italy smoking a cigarette in the season two episode "Commendatori". He also appeared as an airline passenger en route to Italy in season six's "Luxury Lounge". His voice was also used over the phone in the episode "The Test Dream".

Not Fade Away

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Not Fade Away (2012), Chase's feature film debut, was released on December 21, 2012. It centers on the lead singer of a teenage rock 'n' roll band (played by John Magaro) in 1960s New Jersey.[38][39] Described as "a music-driven coming-of-age story," the film reunites Chase with James Gandolfini (former star of Sopranos), who co-stars as Magaro's father.[38] Other cast members include Bella Heathcote, Christopher McDonald, Molly Price, Lisa Lampanelli, Jack Huston and Brad Garrett. Chase himself has described the film as about "a post-war, post-Depression-era parent who has given his kid every advantage that he didn't have growing up, but now can't help feeling jealous of the liberated, more adventurous destiny his son is able to enjoy." Another former Sopranos cast member, Steven Van Zandt, served as music supervisor and executive producer.[40]

The Many Saints of Newark

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Although Chase was "against [the movie] for a long time",[41] Deadline Hollywood reported in March 2018 that New Line Cinema had purchased the script for The Many Saints of Newark, a prequel to The Sopranos written by Chase and fellow screenwriter Lawrence Konner. Chase said of the storyline, which centers on the 1967 Newark riots and racial tensions between the Italian-American and African-American communities, "I was interested in Newark and life in Newark at that time... I used to go down there every Saturday night for dinner with my grandparents. But the thing that interested me most was Tony's boyhood. I was interested in exploring that."[41] Chase served as producer, and in July 2018, Alan Taylor, who previously directed episodes of the series, was hired to direct the film.[42] The film was initially scheduled to be released on September 25, 2020,[43] however, due to the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States, its release date was rescheduled to March 12, 2021[44] and later September 24, 2021[45] before ultimately being released on October 1, 2021.

In October 2021, he and his Chase Films production company struck a deal with WarnerMedia.[46] In March 2024, it was revealed that he will be directing an untitled horror movie for New Line Cinema.[47] The screenplay will be written with Terrence Winter.

Unrealized projects

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A Ribbon of Dreams

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Chase has previously developed A Ribbon of Dreams, a miniseries for HBO. According to an HBO press release, the series' pilot would "begin in 1913 and follow two men, one a college-educated mechanical engineer, the other a cowboy with a violent past, who form an unlikely producing partnership and together become pioneers and then powers for a time in motion pictures." Specifically, the two men would "begin as employees of D.W. Griffith, and then cross career paths with John Ford, John Wayne, Raoul Walsh, Bette Davis, Billy Wilder and others who gave shape to Hollywood as it grew from the age of rough-hewn silent Westerns, to the golden era of talkies and the studio system, to the auteur movement, to television, and finally to the present day." In 2021, Chase revealed that HBO agreed to proceed with the production of the miniseries but with "a cheesy budget", to which Chase refused to agree. Therefore, Chase and HBO parted ways on the project and A Ribbon of Dreams fell through.[48]

Personal life

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After graduating from NYU in 1968, Chase moved to California and married his high school sweetheart Denise Kelly.[15] He is the father of actress Michele DeCesare, who appeared in six of The Sopranos episodes as Hunter Scangarelo.[49]

Chase once stated that he "loathed and despised" television shows, watching only The Sopranos and movies.[50] However, he said in later interviews that he watched Boardwalk Empire and Mad Men, the work of former Sopranos writers and producers Terence Winter and Matthew Weiner, respectively. He said that he previously made those negative comments in part because he had been frustrated working within the confines of 1990s network television.[51][52]

In 2023, Chase was inducted into the New Jersey Hall of Fame.[53]

Select filmography

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Television

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Year Title Director Writer Producer Creator Notes
1971 The Bold Ones: The Lawyers No Yes No No Episode: "In Defense of Ellen McKay"
1974 The Magician No Yes No No 7 episodes
1974–1975 Kolchak: The Night Stalker No Yes No No 8 episodes
Also story consultant
1975–1976 Switch No Yes No No 6 episodes
Also story consultant
1976–1979 The Rockford Files No Yes Yes No 20 episodes
1980 The Misadventures of Sheriff Lobo No Story No No Episode: "Perkins Bombs Out"
Off the Minnesota Strip No Yes Yes No Television film
1982 Palms Precinct No Yes Executive Yes Pilot episode
Moonlight No Yes Executive No Television film
1986 Alfred Hitchcock Presents Yes Yes No No Episode: "Enough Rope for Two"
1988–1989 Almost Grown Yes Yes Executive Yes
1991–1993 I'll Fly Away Yes Yes Executive No 4 episodes
1993–1995 Northern Exposure No Yes Executive No Wrote 1 episode
1996 The Rockford Files: If the Frame Fits... No No Supervising No Television film
The Rockford Files: Godfather Knows Best No Yes Supervising No
The Rockford Files: Friends and Foul Play No No Supervising No
The Rockford Files: Punishment and Crime Yes Yes Supervising No
1999–2007 The Sopranos Yes Yes Executive Yes Directed 2 episodes, wrote the script for 24 episodes and the story for 5 episodes
Also uncredited appearances in three episodes

Film

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Year Title Director Writer Producer Notes
1972 Grave of the Vampire No Yes No Based on his novel The Still Life
2012 Not Fade Away Yes Yes Yes
2021 The Many Saints of Newark No Yes Yes Also cameo appearance as Ercole "Eckley" DiMeo a.k.a. "Old Man"
TBD Untitled Horror Movie Yes Yes Yes

Other credits

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Year Title Role
1969 The Cut Thorats Production manager
1972 Winter Love Unit manager
2017 BoJack Horseman Voice role: Himself
Episode: "See Mr. Peanutbutter Run"

Awards and recognition

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Primetime Emmy Awards
Year Category Nominated work Result Ref.
1978 Outstanding Drama Series The Rockford Files (season 4) Won [54]
1979 The Rockford Files (season 5) Nominated [55]
1980 The Rockford Files (season 6) Nominated [56]
Outstanding Writing in a Limited Series or a Special Off The Minnesota Strip Won
1992 Outstanding Drama Series I'll Fly Away (season 1) Nominated [57]
Outstanding Writing for a Drama Series I'll Fly Away (episode: "Pilot") Nominated
1993 Outstanding Drama Series I'll Fly Away (season 2) Nominated [58]
1994 Northern Exposure (season 5) Nominated [59]
1999 The Sopranos (season 1) Nominated [60]
Outstanding Writing for a Drama Series The Sopranos (episode: "College") Won
The Sopranos (episode: "Pilot") Nominated
Outstanding Directing for a Drama Series The Sopranos (episode: "Pilot") Nominated
2000 Outstanding Drama Series The Sopranos (season 2) Nominated [61]
2001 The Sopranos (season 3) Nominated [62]
Outstanding Writing for a Drama Series The Sopranos (episode: "Funhouse") Nominated
The Sopranos (episode: "Amour Fou") Nominated
2003 Outstanding Drama Series The Sopranos (season 4) Nominated [63]
Outstanding Writing for a Drama Series The Sopranos (episode: "Whitecaps") Won
2004 Outstanding Drama Series The Sopranos (season 5) Won [64]
2006 The Sopranos (season 6 - Part 1) Nominated [65]
2007 The Sopranos (season 6 - Part 2) Won [66]
Outstanding Writing for a Drama Series The Sopranos (episode: "Kennedy and Heidi") Nominated
The Sopranos (episode: "Made in America") Won

References

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  1. ^ Chase says his name was not David DeCesare at birth in this interview: https://interviews.televisionacademy.com/interviews/david-chase# Archived March 31, 2019, at the Wayback Machine
  2. ^ Fleming, Mike Jr. (September 7, 2021). "David Chase On Reviving 'Sopranos' Spirit With 'The Many Saints Of Newark' And High Interest In Another Prequel Film". Deadline. Retrieved September 8, 2021.
  3. ^ a b Wise Guy: David Chase and the Sopranos
  4. ^ "David Chase: «I Soprano? Una famiglia 'disfunzionale'…»". il manifesto (in Italian). September 5, 2014. Retrieved July 4, 2024.
  5. ^ "TELEVISION / RADIO; The Son Who Created A Hit, 'The Sopranos'". The New York Times. June 6, 1999. Archived from the original on November 8, 2020. Retrieved January 29, 2021.
  6. ^ "Boss of Bosses". The Star-Ledger. Archived from the original on April 26, 2007.
  7. ^ Zoller Seitz, Matt (September 27, 2021). "How Do You Follow The Sopranos?". Vulture. Retrieved July 2, 2024.
  8. ^ Feinberg, Scott (November 2, 2021). "'Awards Chatter' Podcast: 'Sopranos' Creator David Chase Finally Reveals What Happened to Tony (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved July 4, 2024.
  9. ^ "Campagna: al regista David Chase premio "Milizia San Michele" – Dentro Salerno" (in Italian). June 29, 2014. Retrieved November 2, 2024.
  10. ^ a b Biskind, Peter (April 4, 2007). "How David Chase and The Sopranos Changed Television Forever". Vanity Fair. Archived from the original on August 24, 2020. Retrieved May 1, 2020.
  11. ^ Citrano, Virginia (January 10, 2019). "'The Sopranos' And Verona". MyVeronaNJ.
  12. ^ Maurer, Mark (December 11, 2012). "David Chase looks to the past for his first film". NJTrueJersey. Retrieved July 4, 2024.
  13. ^ DeCaro, Frank (April 4, 1999). "No Longer the Punch-Line State; Lauryn Hill, the Sopranos and others are unapologetic New Jerseyans". The New York Times. Archived from the original on July 29, 2018. Growing up in Clifton and North Caldwell, Mr. Chase said, New Jersey seemed "very exciting and very mysterious, not dull and predictable as many New Yorkers like to believe.
  14. ^ David Chase: Creator Archived February 19, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, HBO.com, accessed May 6, 2007.
  15. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Biskind, Peter (April 4, 2007). "How David Chase and The Sopranos Changed Television Forever". Vanity Fair. Archived from the original on August 24, 2020. Retrieved May 1, 2020.
  16. ^ Martin, Brett (October 30, 2007). ""Once You're in this Family, There's No Getting Out:" Meet the Sopranos". The Sopranos: The Complete Book. New York City: Time Inc. pp. 54–55. ISBN 978-1-933821-18-4.
  17. ^ a b c Dougherty, Robin (January 20, 1999). "Chasing TV". Salon.com. Archived from the original on September 22, 2009. Retrieved December 6, 2013.
  18. ^ David Chase: Creator Archived February 19, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, HBO.com, accessed May 6, 2007.
  19. ^ a b c d Oxfeld, Jesse (September 2002). "Family Man". Stanford Magazine. Archived from the original on January 27, 2013. Retrieved September 22, 2007.
  20. ^ Baker, Kathryn. (November 23, 1988) Wichita Eagle. "Almost Grown: tells story of growing up. Section:Lifestyle; Page 9A.
  21. ^ Bark, Ed. (October 2, 1988) Dallas Morning News A critic picks the season's top ten. Section: Arts & Entertainment; page 1C.
  22. ^ Vero Beach Press Journal (November 12, 2000) Pipline. Section: TV Journal; Page 32.
  23. ^ a b Lee, Mark (May 2007). "Wiseguys: A conversation between David Chase and Tom Fontana". Writers Guild of America, west. Archived from the original on November 16, 2007. Retrieved November 14, 2007.
  24. ^ a b Chase, David; Bogdanovich, Peter (1999). The Sopranos – The Complete First Season: David Chase interview (DVD). HBO.
  25. ^ a b Dana, Will (March 10, 2006). ""Sopranos" Creator Shoots Straight". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on November 8, 2008. Retrieved December 6, 2013.
  26. ^ Malanga, Steven (May 13, 2007). "Da Jersey boys who inspired The Sopranos". Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the original on May 16, 2007.
  27. ^ The Sopranos – The Complete Series: Alec Baldwin interviews David Chase (DVD). HBO. 2008.
  28. ^ Levine, Stuart (April 23, 2008). ""The Sopranos": David Chase fesses up". Variety. Archived from the original on December 16, 2013. Retrieved November 23, 2008.
  29. ^ Martin 2007, p. 160.
  30. ^ "David Chase profile at HBO.com". HBO. Archived from the original on February 19, 2012. Retrieved November 14, 2007.
  31. ^ It was originally referred to as "Pilot" but was renamed "The Sopranos" on the DVD release.
  32. ^ Flaherty, Michael (June 8, 2007). "Sopranos signoff marks end of era". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on September 21, 2007. Retrieved November 11, 2007.
  33. ^ Martin 2007, p. 16.
  34. ^ Wolk, Josh (April 6, 2007). "Burying the Sopranos". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on October 9, 2007. Retrieved July 19, 2007. [Chase] oversees everything, from writing the final polish on all scripts to supervising the editing of each episode.
  35. ^ Alan Sepinwall (June 11, 2007). "David Chase speaks". The Star-Ledger. Archived from the original on August 10, 2011. Retrieved May 14, 2009.
  36. ^ "A 'Sopranos' Expert Analyzes Chevy's Meadow and AJ Super Bowl Commercial". Rolling Stone. February 13, 2022.
  37. ^ "'Wise Guy: David Chase and the Sopranos' Review: Alex Gibney's Sensationally Artful Documentary Explores Every Angle of TV's Greatest Show". Variety. June 14, 2024.
  38. ^ a b McNary, Dave (January 24, 2011). "Gandolfini, Chase reconnect at 'Twylight'". Variety. Archived from the original on January 31, 2011. Retrieved February 1, 2011. Gandolfini's on board to portray the father of a teen in a rock band, set in 1960s suburbia. John Magaro will play his son. ... Chase, creator of 'The Sopranos,' signed on in 2008 to write, direct and produce the feature.
  39. ^ Jay A. Fernandez (March 8, 2010). "'Sopranos' creator to direct coming-of-age film". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on March 12, 2010. Retrieved April 13, 2010.
  40. ^ "Brad Garrett Moves To David Chase's Musical Movie". NextMovie. February 3, 2011. Archived from the original on March 15, 2012. Retrieved February 13, 2012.
  41. ^ a b Fleming, Mike Jr. (January 7, 2019). "'The Sopranos' Creator David Chase Offers Glimpses Of Prequel Movie As Groundbreaking HBO Series Turns 20". Deadline. Archived from the original on January 22, 2019. Retrieved January 23, 2019.
  42. ^ Galuppo, Mia (July 3, 2018). "'Sopranos' Prequel Movie Taps Former Series Director Alan Taylor". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on April 3, 2019. Retrieved April 3, 2019.
  43. ^ D'Alessandro, Anthony (March 15, 2019). "Warner Bros Dates 'Sopranos' Prequel 'The Many Saints Of Newark' For Fall 2020 – Update". Deadline. Archived from the original on March 15, 2019. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
  44. ^ D'Alessandro, Anthony (April 20, 2020). "'The Batman' Flies To Fall 2021, 'Sopranos' Prequel Moves To March & More As Warner Bros. Makes Release Date Changes Due To COVID-19 Climate". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on April 20, 2020. Retrieved April 20, 2020.
  45. ^ Rubin, Rebecca (January 13, 2021). "'Many Saints of Newark' Delayed to Fall 2021 (EXCLUSIVE)". Variety. Archived from the original on January 14, 2021. Retrieved January 13, 2021.
  46. ^ White, Peter (October 1, 2021). "David Chase Strikes Five-Year First-Look TV & Film Deal With WarnerMedia". Deadline. Retrieved October 2, 2021.
  47. ^ Jr, Mike Fleming (March 19, 2024). "'The Sopranos' Creator David Chase & EP Terence Winter Set Up Untitled Horror Film At New Line; Chase To Direct". Deadline. Retrieved March 20, 2024.
  48. ^ "David Chase on 'The Sopranos' Legacy & 'The Many Saints of Newark'". YouTube. August 19, 2021. Archived from the original on November 7, 2021.
  49. ^ Oxfeld, Jesse (September–October 2002). "Family Man". Stanford Magazine. Archived from the original on February 20, 2012. Retrieved February 13, 2012.
  50. ^ Pearson, Roberta (2011). "Cult Television as Digital Television's Cutting Edge". In Bennett, James; Strange, Niki (eds.). Television as Digital Media. Duke University Press. p. 113. ISBN 978-0-8223-4910-5.
  51. ^ Marlow, Stern (September 4, 2014). "thedailybeast > September 2014> Feature Entertainment>". The Daily Beast. thedailybeast.com. Archived from the original on September 17, 2014. Retrieved September 17, 2014.
  52. ^ Collins, Andrew (May 21, 2013). "The Week in TV: Game of Thrones, Mad Men and The Fall – video". The Guardian. Archived from the original on November 4, 2013. Retrieved May 21, 2013.
  53. ^ "New Jersey Hall of Fame Announces Its Incoming 2023 Class of Inductees". New Jersey Hall of Fame. Retrieved July 24, 2024.
  54. ^ "Nominees / Winners 1978". Television Academy. Retrieved May 28, 2024.
  55. ^ "Nominees / Winners 1979". Television Academy. Retrieved May 28, 2024.
  56. ^ "Nominees / Winners 1980". Television Academy. Retrieved May 28, 2024.
  57. ^ "Nominees / Winners 1992". Television Academy. Retrieved May 28, 2024.
  58. ^ "Nominees / Winners 1993". Television Academy. Retrieved May 28, 2024.
  59. ^ "Nominees / Winners 1994". Television Academy. Retrieved May 28, 2024.
  60. ^ "Nominees / Winners 1999". Television Academy. Retrieved May 28, 2024.
  61. ^ "Nominees / Winners 2000". Television Academy. Retrieved May 28, 2024.
  62. ^ "Nominees / Winners 2001". Television Academy. Retrieved May 28, 2024.
  63. ^ "Nominees / Winners 2003". Television Academy. Retrieved May 28, 2024.
  64. ^ "Nominees / Winners 2004". Television Academy. Retrieved May 28, 2024.
  65. ^ "Nominees / Winners 2006". Television Academy. Retrieved May 28, 2024.
  66. ^ "Nominees / Winners 2007". Television Academy. Retrieved May 28, 2024.
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