The blacktail butterflyfish (Chaetodon austriacus), also known as black-tailed butterflyfish or exquisite butterflyfish, is a species marine ray-finned fish, a butterflyfish belonging to the family Chaetodontidae. It is native to the western Indian Ocean but has reached the Mediterranean Sea as a Lessepsian migrant through the Suez Canal.
| Blacktail butterflyfish | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Acanthuriformes |
| Family: | Chaetodontidae |
| Genus: | Chaetodon |
| Subgenus: | Chaetodon (Corallochaetodon) |
| Species: | C. austriacus
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| Binomial name | |
| Chaetodon austriacus Rüppell, 1836
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| Synonyms[2] | |
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Distribution
editThe species is native to the Red Sea and southern Oman.[2] A single record was reported in 2011 in the vicinity of Tel Aviv (Israel), a likely migrant from the Red Sea.[3][4]
Taxonomy
editTogether with the melon (C. trifasciatus) and oval (C. lunulatus) butterflyfishes and probably also the somewhat aberrant Arabian butterflyfish (C. melapterus), the blacktail butterflyfish makes up the subgenus Corallochaetodon. They are probably quite close to the subgenus called Citharoedus (that name is a junior homonym of a mollusc genus), which contains for example the scrawled butterflyfish (C. meyeri). Like that group, they might be separated in Megaprotodon if the genus Chaetodon is split up.[5][6]
Description
editThe black-tailed butterflyfish is up to 14 cm long and is orange with thin, curved black stripes. Its anal fin and tail are black. The body of juveniles is whiter above with white bands on the tail. The melon butterflyfish (C. trifasciatus) and the oval butterflyfish (C. lunulatus) are similar in coloration but have less black on the caudal and anal fins.[7]
Ecology
editBlack-tailed butterflyfishes tend to be found in coral-rich areas between 0.5 and 20 m deep, on seaward reefs or in lagoons or bays. Adults are generally found in pairs patrolling a territory or range while juveniles are found among coral branches. This species grazes on coral polyps and sea anemone tentacles.[7]
References
edit- ^ Rocha, L.A.; Craig, M.T.; Pratchett, M. (2010). "Chaetodon austriacus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T165634A6074982. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T165634A6074982.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
- ^ a b Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Chaetodon austriacus". FishBase. December 2019 version.
- ^ Atlas of Exotic Fishes in the Mediterranean Sea (Chaetodon austriacus). 2nd Edition. 2021. 366p. CIESM Publishers, Paris, Monaco.https://ciesm.org/atlas/fishes_2nd_edition/Chaetodon_austriacus.pdf
- ^ Menachem Goran; Roy Gvili & Bella Galil (2011). "The reef-associating butterfly fish Chaetodon austriacus Rüppell, 1836 in the Mediterranean: The implication of behavioral plasticity for bioinvasion hazard assessment". Aquatic Invasions. 6 (supplement 1): s143–s145. doi:10.3391/ai.2011.6.S1.032.
- ^ Fessler, Jennifer L.; Westneat, Mark W. (2007). "Molecular phylogenetics of the butterflyfishes (Chaetodontidae): Taxonomy and biogeography of a global coral reef fish family". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 45 (1): 50–68. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2007.05.018. PMID 17625921.
- ^ Hsu, Kui-Ching; Chen, Jeng-Ping; Shao, Kwang-Tsao (2007). "Molecular phylogeny of Chaetodon (Teleostei: Chaetodontidae) in the Indo-West Pacific: evolution in geminate species pairs and species groups" (PDF). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. Suppl. 14: 77–86. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-08-11.
- ^ a b Lieske, E.; Myers, R.F. (2004). Coral reef guide - Red Sea. London: HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-00-715986-4.
External links
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- Photos of Blacktail butterflyfish on Sealife Collection