Carex bigelowii is a species of sedge known by the common names Bigelow's sedge,[2] Gwanmo sedge,[3] and stiff sedge.[4] It has an Arctic–alpine distribution in Eurasia and North America, and grows up to 50 centimetres (20 in) tall in a variety of habitats.
| Carex bigelowii | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Clade: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Poales |
| Family: | Cyperaceae |
| Genus: | Carex |
| Species: | C. bigelowii
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| Binomial name | |
| Carex bigelowii | |
| Synonyms | |
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Distribution
editCarex bigelowii has a circumpolar[5] or circumboreal distribution,[6] occurring throughout the northern latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. It is present in Europe, Asia and North America, where it occurs from Alaska to Greenland,[7][8] and in alpine climates as far south as Utah and Colorado.[6]
Description
editCarex bigelowii produces 3-angled stems up to 50 centimetres (1.6 ft) tall, growing in a tuft or singly. The leaves are stiff and dark green, and the leaves of previous seasons may remain on the plant. The inflorescence is accompanied by a short bract. The inflorescence has 1–3 black pistillate spikes under 1–2 staminate spikes.[5] The plant usually reproduces vegetatively, sprouting tillers from its rhizome. It also spreads via stolons.[6] It has a thick root network that allows it to form a turf, and the roots may grow 80 cm (2.6 ft) deep in the soil.[9] The plant sometimes reproduces sexually, producing seeds, which can remain viable for 200 years.[6]
Ecology
editCarex bigelowii grows in many types of Arctic and alpine habitat. It occurs in forest, bog, meadows and tundra. It occurs alongside plants such as willows (Salix spp.), dwarf arctic birch (Betula nana), lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea), bog blueberry (V. uliginosum), crowberry (Empetrum nigrum), northern Labrador tea (Ledum palustre), American green alder (Alnus crispa), cloudberry (Rubus chamaemorus), alpine bearberry (Arctostaphylos alpina), varileaf cinquefoil (Potentilla diversifolia), elephanthead lousewort (Pedicularis groenlandica), white mountain avens (Dryas octopetala), entireleaf mountain avens (D. integrifolia), alpine timothy (Phleum alpinum), alpine rush (Juncus alpinoarticulatus) and tussock cottongrass (Eriophorum vaginatum), as well as feathermosses (Hylocomium and Aulacomium spp.), lichens (Cladonia and Cladina spp.), and sphagnum mosses.[6] In Scotland, particularly on Glas Maol, this sedge is codominant with the moss Racomitrium lanuginosum in a heath ecosystem, the British NVC community U10.[10] The sedge is also associated with this moss on lava fields in Iceland.[11]
Carex bigelowii can colonize disturbed habitat. It has been noted to grow at oil spill sites within two months of the disturbance, and it grows alongside the Dempster Highway in northwestern Canada. Its long-lasting soil seed bank allows it to sprout after the soil is disturbed, and the rhizomes may prevent erosion.[6]
References
edit- ^ "Carex bigelowii - Torr. ex Schwein". NatureServe Explorer. NatureServe. July 2012. Retrieved December 15, 2012.
- ^ NRCS. "Carex bigelowii". PLANTS Database. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 10 January 2016.
- ^ Lee, Sangtae; Chang, Kae Sun, eds. (2015). English Names for Korean Native Plants (PDF). Pocheon: Korea National Arboretum. p. 389. ISBN 978-89-97450-98-5. Retrieved 12 March 2019 – via Korea Forest Service.
- ^ BSBI List 2007 (xls). Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-06-26. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
- ^ a b Peter W. Ball; A. A. Reznicek (2003). "Carex bigelowii Torrey ex Schweinitz". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Cyperaceae. Flora of North America. Vol. 23. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195152074.
- ^ a b c d e f Robin F. Matthews (1992). "Carex bigelowii". Fire Effects Information System. USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory. Retrieved December 17, 2012.
- ^ Nordens flora. Bo Mossberg, Lennart Stenberg, Jon Feilberg, Anna Torsteinsrud, Victoria Widmark (Nye, udvidede og omarbejdede udgave ed.). Kbh.: Gyldendal. 2020. ISBN 978-87-02-28916-9. OCLC 1158895781.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link) - ^ Grønlands flora. Tyge Wittrock Böcher (3. reviderede udgave ed.). København: P. Haase & Sons. 1978. ISBN 87-559-0385-1. OCLC 183098604.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link) - ^ Melanie Schori (2004). "Conservation assessment for Bigelow's sedge (Carex bigelowii) Torr" (PDF). USDA Forest Service Eastern Region. Retrieved December 17, 2011.
- ^ David Welch; David Scott; Des B. A. Thompson (2005). "Changes in the composition of Carex bigelowii–Racomitrium lanuginosum moss heath on Glas Maol, Scotland, in response to sheep grazing and snow fencing". Biological Conservation. 122 (4): 621–631. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2004.09.016.
- ^ B. Olle Jonsson; Ingibjörg S. Jónsdóttir; Nils Cronberg (1996). "Clonal Diversity and allozyme variation in populations of the Arctic sedge Carex bigelowii (Cyperaceae)". Journal of Ecology. 84 (3): 449–459. doi:10.2307/2261206. JSTOR 2261206.
Further reading
edit
- Ola M. Heide (1992). "Experimental control of flowering in Carex bigelowii". Oikos. 65 (3): 371–376. doi:10.2307/3545552. JSTOR 3545552.
- Anna Liisa Ruotsalainen; Sami Aikio (2004). "Mycorrhizal inoculum and performance of nonmycorrhizal Carex bigelowii and mycorrhizal Trientalis europaea". Canadian Journal of Botany. 82 (4): 443–449. doi:10.1139/b04-011.
- Anna Stenström (1999). "Sexual reproductive ecology of Carex bigelowii an arctic-alpine sedge". Ecography. 22 (3): 305–313. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0587.1999.tb00506.x.
- Anna Stenström; B. Olle Jonsson; Ingibjörg S. Jónsdóttir; Torbjörn Fagerström; Magnus Augner (2001). "Genetic variation and clonal diversity in four clonal sedges (Carex) along the Arctic coast of Eurasia". Molecular Ecology. 10 (2): 497–513. doi:10.1046/j.1365-294X.2001.01238.x. PMID 11298963. S2CID 37222933.