The Brnjica culture (Serbian: Брњица, Albanian: Bërnica), alternatively Donja Brnjica-Gornja Stražava cultural group, is a Late Bronze Age archaeological culture in present-day Kosovo and Serbia dating between the 14th and 10th/9th centuries BCE.[1][3]
| Geographical range | Kosovo |
|---|---|
| Period | Late Bronze Age |
| Dates | 14th c. BCE – 10th/9th c. BCE[1][2] |
| Type site | Donja Brnjica |
| Major sites | Hisar Hill |
| Preceded by | Urnfield culture |
| Followed by | La Tène culture |
Description
edit
The Brnjica cultural group was a Late Bronze Age cultural manifestation in what was to become Dardania, closely connected to the Balkan-Danubian complex.[1][4][3] It dates between the 14th and 10th/9th centuries BCE.[1] In Yugoslavian historiography, starting from Milutin Garašanin, the Brnjica culture was interpreted as the "Daco-Moesian" and non-"Illyrian" linguistic component of the later Dardani,[4][3] an Iron Age Palaeo-Balkan group appearing as an Illyrian people in ancient literary tradition.[1]
The Brnjica culture is characterized by several groups:[3]
- Kosovo with Raska and Pester
- South and West Morava confluence zone
- Leskovac-Nis
- South Morava-Pcinja-Upper Vardar
Brnjica type pottery has been found in Blageovgrad, Plovdiv, and a number of sites in Pelagonia, Lower Vardar, the island of Thasos and Thessaly dating to 13th and 12th century BCE.[3]
Sites
editDonja Brnjica
editThe main site of the culture is a necropolis at Donja Brnjica, (Albanian: Bërnica e Poshtme) near Pristina.
Hisar
editHisar is a multi-periodal settlement at a hill near Leskovac.
Traces of life of the Brnjica culture (8th century BCE) are seen in the plateau that was protected by a deep moat with a palisade on its inner side, a fortification similar to that of another fortification on the Gradac site in Lanište in the Velika Morava basin.[5]
References
edit- ^ a b c d e Drançolli 2020, pp. 4311–4312.
- ^ Stojic 2006, p. 80.
- ^ a b c d e Stojic, Milorad (2006). "Regional characteristics of the Brnjica cultural group" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2011-07-23. Retrieved 2010-08-03.
- ^ a b Vranić 2014, p. 35.
- ^ Milorad Stojic: Ferrous metallurgy center of the Brnjica cultural group (14th–13th centuries BCE) at the Hisar site in Leskovac. MJoM Metalurgija - Journal of Metallurgy, UDC:669.1
Bibliography
edit- Drançolli, Jahja (2020). "Kosova: Archaeological Heritage". In Claire Smith (ed.). Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology. Springer International Publishing. pp. 4308–4319. ISBN 9783030300166.
- Vranić, Ivan (2014). "The "Hellenization" process and the Balkan Iron Age archaeology". In Staša Babić, Marko Jankovic (ed.). The Edges of the Roman World. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. pp. 33–47. ISBN 9781443861540.
See also
edit- Museum of Kosovo
- Kingdom of Dardania
- Archaeology of Kosovo
- Neolithic sites in Kosovo
- Roman heritage in Kosovo
- Copper, Bronze and Iron Age sites in Kosovo
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