Bernard Vonnegut (August 29, 1914 – April 25, 1997) was an American atmospheric scientist credited with discovering that silver iodide could be used effectively in cloud seeding to produce snow and rain. He was the older brother of American novelist Kurt Vonnegut.
Bernard Vonnegut | |
|---|---|
| Born | August 29, 1914 Indianapolis, Indiana, U.S. |
| Died | April 25, 1997 (aged 82) Albany, New York, U.S. |
| Alma mater | MIT (B.S., 1936; Ph.D., 1939) |
| Known for | atmospheric chemistry, cloud seeding, atmospheric electricity and lightning |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Atmospheric sciences, chemical engineering |
| Institutions | General Electric Research Laboratory, SUNY-Albany |
Early life
editVonnegut was born in Indianapolis, Indiana to architect Kurt Vonnegut Sr (November 24, 1884 – October 1, 1957), a partner in the firm of Vonnegut, Wright & Yeager, and homemaker Edith Sophia Lieber (d. May 14, 1944). He was named after his grandfather, architect Bernard Vonnegut Sr, co-founder of the firm of Vonnegut & Bohn. He attended Park School in Indianapolis and earned a B.S. in chemistry (1936) and Ph.D. in physical chemistry (1939) from Massachusetts Institute of Technology.[1]
Professional career
edit
In 1945, Vonnegut started work at the General Electric Research Laboratory in Schenectady, New York. It was there, on November 14, 1946, that he discovered that silver iodide could be used as a nucleating agent to seed clouds. Seeding clouds involves inserting large quantities of a nucleating agent into clouds to facilitate the formation of ice crystals. The intent of this process is to cause the clouds to produce rain or snow. Rain- and snow-making companies still use silver iodide as a nucleating agent in seeding clouds.
Vonnegut left General Electric in 1952, taking a job at Arthur D. Little, Inc. In 1967, Vonnegut became a professor of atmospheric sciences at the University at Albany, The State University of New York. He was named a professor emeritus upon his retirement in 1985.[2] In the course of his career Vonnegut accumulated 28 patents.[2]
He was awarded an Ig Nobel Prize in 1997 for his paper "Chicken Plucking as Measure of Tornado Wind Speed."[3]
Personal life
editHe was married to Lois Bowler Vonnegut,[4] with whom he had five sons. She died in 1972.[5]
He died of cancer on April 25, 1997, at St. Peter's Hospital in Albany, New York.[5]
His brother, Kurt Vonnegut, alluded to Bernard's work in some of his works, most famously in Cat's Cradle.[6][7]
References
edit- ^ "Biographical on Kurt Vonnegut, Sr." Archived 2011-04-11 at the Wayback Machine Lake Maxinkuckee Its Intrigue History & Genealogy; Culver, Marshall, Indiana
- ^ a b "Bernard Vonnegut". Archived from the original on 2004-11-04. Retrieved 2004-11-24.
- ^ "The Ig Nobel Prize Winners". Aug 1, 2006. Retrieved Dec 15, 2019.
- ^ Shields, Charles (2011). And So It Goes: Kurt Vonnegut: A Life. Macmillan. p. 93. ISBN 9781429973793.
- ^ a b Saxon, Wolfgang (27 April 1997). "Bernard Vonnegut, 82, Physicist Who Coaxed Rain From the Sky". The New York Times. Retrieved 2 August 2013.
- ^ "The Futility of Life in Kurt Vonnegut". Archived from the original on 2013-07-30. Retrieved 2013-08-02.
- ^ "Thinking Outside the Cold Box: How a Nobel Prize Winner and Kurt Vonnegut's Brother Made White Christmas on Demand | GE Reports". Archived from the original on 2013-10-25. Retrieved 2013-08-02.
External links
edit- Genealogical Biography with photo
- Professional biography - University at Albany website
- Bernard Vonnegut's obituary, The New York Times, April 27, 1997
- Bernard Vonnegut at IMDb