The Baghdad Metro (Arabic: مترو بغداد), also known as Baghdad Elevated Train (BET) is a proposed rapid transit public railway system consisting of an underground metro as well as an elevated railway in the Iraqi capital of Baghdad. In July 2024, it was announced that an international consortium consisting of French, Spanish and Turkish companies as well as Deutsche Bank was awarded $17.5 billion to implement the Baghdad Metro project.[1] The project is estimated to be completed in May 2029.[2]
| Baghdad Metro | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Overview | |
| Native name | مترو بغداد |
| Locale | Baghdad, Iraq |
| Transit type | Rapid transit |
| Number of lines | 7 (planned) |
| Number of stations | 64 (planned) |
| Daily ridership | 3,250,000 (estimated) |
| Operation | |
| Operation will start | TBD |
| Operator(s) | Ministry of Transportation and Telecommunications |
| Character | Underground & Elevated |
| Technical | |
| System length | ~148 kilometres (92 mi) |
| Track gauge | 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) |
History
editOrigin
editSaddam Hussein launched the multi-billion-dollar subway project in 1983 to alleviate traffic congestion in Baghdad's streets, but cancelled due to the Iran–Iraq War.[3]
At a December 2002 press conference, United States Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld spoke of "enormous miles and miles and miles of underground tunnelling" that prevented the United Nations from properly inspecting Saddam's WMD stocks.[4] Hussein al-Shahristani, a scientist imprisoned by Saddam, told CBS's 60 Minutes, "We believe now it is more than 100 kilometres of very complex network, multilayer tunnels."[4] After the 2003 invasion of Iraq, no WMD were found.
Since the 2003 Iraq War, traffic problems in Baghdad have increased significantly, because of the creation of the Green Zone, and the reduction of car-ownership regulation.[5] In November 2008, Baghdad mayor Sabir al-Isawi announced plans for a 2-line $US 3 billion expansion of metro services in the city which would be built pending funding. One line would run from Sadr City (previously called Al-Thawra or Saddam City) to A'dhamiya, while the other would link the center of Baghdad with its western suburbs. Each line would have 20 stations.[6] In February 2011, an agreement was signed with Alstom, for the construction of a 25 km line from central Baghdad to the northern suburbs of Adhamiya, Al-Hurriya, Kadhimiya, and Sha'ab.[7] Later in 2011 Alstom and the Iraqi government signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) for Alstom to design, build and operate a Baghdad–Basra high-speed rail line.[8]
Development
editIn 2017, Metro Report stated that a memorandum of understanding for the development of urban rail projects in Baghdad and Basra had been signed by the Iraqi government and Alstom that year, for a 20 km elevated light rail line in Baghdad that would link Mustansiriyah, Shaab, Wazireya, Alsarafiya bridge, Al-Khadumia, Al-Muthanna airport and Allawi.[9]
In 2019, it was confirmed that a French-South Korean consortium would begin ground work on the metro in 2020, at a cost of $2.5 billion.[10]
In February 2022, it was announced the work would begin on the project in Q2 2022 and will finish in 2027, after sufficient funds for the project have been raised in the 2020-21 budgets and the future 2022 budget, which is still waiting for approval. The announcement came after the awarding of the projects to the French transport giant Alstom and Hyundai of South Korea.[11][12]
In December 2022, it was announced that the Baghdad Metro would be included in the 2023 Ministry of Transport budget, the Metro will have 14 stations and will be 31 kilometres in length with construction starting in either 2023 or 2024. An announcement about the project is set to be made in Q1 of 2023.[13][needs update]
As of February 2024, the current proposed plan consist of fully electric and automated (driverless) trains running on a railway system consisting of an underground tunnel portion as well as an elevated rail. It includes seven main lines with a total length of more than 148 kilometres, 64 metro stations, four workshops and depots for depot trains, several Operations Control Centers (OCC) and seven Main Power Stations (MPS) with a capacity of 250 mega-watts, several Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) towers. The metro will be equipped with CCTV and internet as well as USB ports for charging, and special compartments will be allocated for women and children as well as seats for people with special needs, pregnant women, and the elderly. The metro stations will be connected to other public transportation networks such as buses and taxis, and 10 parking spaces will be available for commuters. The planned rail speed will be 80-140 km/hour with an estimated 3.25 million riders per day.[14]
In July 2024, it was announced that an international consortium consisting of French, Spanish and Turkish companies as well as Deutsche Bank was awarded $17.5 billion to construct Baghdad's metro.[15] The project is predicated upon the scheme of design, build, finance, operate, maintain and transfer, and is estimated to be completed in May 2029.[16]
References
edit- ^ Muhsen, Majda; Projects, Zawya. "Iraq's Ministry of Transport to include Baghdad Metro in 2023 budget". metrorailtoday.com/. Retrieved 2024-07-26.
- ^ "Baghdad metro project consortium selected". Railwaygazette.
- ^ Frank, Joshua (October 20, 2004). "The Collapse of Saddam's Secret Subway". Antiwar.com. Archived from the original on 2004-10-20. Retrieved 2010-05-26.
- ^ a b Tanner, Robert (April 9, 2003). "U.S. Forces Investigate Iraqi Tunnels". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 2003-04-27. Retrieved 2010-04-26.
- ^ Hondros, Chris (June 2009). "Baghdad Metro". The Digital Journalist. Archived from the original on 2009-06-25. Retrieved 2010-04-26.
- ^ Martin Chulov (November 19, 2008). "From roads to ruin, Baghdad gets back on track". The Age.
- ^ "BAGHDAD METRO". Railways Africa. Archived from the original on 2011-07-15. Retrieved 2011-02-19.
- ^ "Alstom tapped for Iraq HSR talks". Railway Age. 24 June 2011. Archived from the original on 28 June 2011. Retrieved 27 June 2011.
- ^ "Baghdad and Basra urban rail memorandum signed by Alstom". 6 December 2017.
- ^ "Construction of Baghdad Metro to start in 2020". 4 April 2019.
- ^ "Baghdad metro funds to be included in budget". 13 June 2022.
- ^ "Baghdad elevated metro could revolutionize travel in congest capital". 24 July 2022.
- ^ Muhsen, Majda; Projects, Zawya. "Iraq's Ministry of Transport to include Baghdad Metro in 2023 budget". www.zawya.com. Retrieved 2023-01-14.
- ^ "Baghdad Metro Rail Project" (PDF). Investpromo.gov.iq.
- ^ Muhsen, Majda; Projects, Zawya. "Iraq's Ministry of Transport to include Baghdad Metro in 2023 budget". metrorailtoday.com/. Retrieved 2024-07-26.
- ^ "Baghdad metro project consortium selected". Railwaygazette.