Wikipedia

Axiom Space

Axiom Space, Inc., also known as Axiom Space, is an American privately funded space infrastructure developer headquartered in Houston, Texas.

Axiom Space, Inc.
Company typePrivate incorporated company
IndustryAerospace
Founded2016; 8 years ago (2016)
FounderMichael T. Suffredini
Kam Ghaffarian[1]
Headquarters
Houston, Texas
United States
Key people
Services
Number of employees
790 (2023)
Websiteaxiomspace.com
Footnotes / references
[2]

Founded in 2016 by Michael T. Suffredini and Kam Ghaffarian, the company first flew a spaceflight in 2022: Axiom Mission 1, the first commercially crewed private spaceflight to the International Space Station. The company aims to own and operate the world's first commercial space station in the late 2020s.[3][4] The company's employees include former NASA Administrator Charles Bolden[5] and astronauts Michael Lopez-Alegria, Peggy Whitson, Brent W. Jett Jr and Koichi Wakata.[6]

The company sent its first commercial astronauts into orbit in 2022. It also plans human spaceflight for government-funded and commercial astronauts engaging in in-space research, in-space manufacturing, and space exploration.[7]

History

edit
 
Michael Suffredini in 2012

Axiom Space CEO Michael T. Suffredini was previously the program manager for the International Space Station from 2005 to 2015.[8] After retiring from NASA, Suffredini and Kam Ghaffarian started Axiom Space to target the emerging commercial spaceflight market. Ghaffarian is an engineer and entrepreneur who sold his company, Stinger Ghaffarian Technologies, Inc., a large NASA contractor, to KBR in 2018.[9] Ghaffarian is also the Executive Chairman of Quantum Space.

The company was selected by NASA to provide the first commercial destination module on the International Space Station.[10] Axiom Space also announced in March 2020 a contract with SpaceX to fly commercial astronauts to the International Space Station via Falcon 9 and Crew Dragon scheduled for March 2022; the launch took place on 8 April 2022[11] and the crew returned on 25 April.[12]

The company had 110 employees as of February 2021,[13] with offices located in Houston and Los Angeles.[citation needed][14]

NASA contract for ISS modules

edit
 
Artist's rendering of Axiom modules connected to ISS

In 2020, as part of the broader Next Space Technologies for Exploration Partnerships (NextSTEP) cislunar initiative, NASA awarded Axiom a US$140 million contract to provide at least one habitable spacecraft to attach to the International Space Station.[10] Axiom Space was the only selected proposal from the solicitation process due in 2019.[15] Bigelow Aerospace did not submit a proposal and has subsequently ceased operations.[16]

The modules constructed by Axiom Space are designed to attach to the Harmony forward port with the intent to demonstrate an ability to commercially provide services and products in the low Earth orbit economy. The "Axiom Segment" of the station was planned, as of January 2020, to include a node module to act as a connector, a research and manufacturing facility, a crew habitat, and a "large-windowed" module for viewing the Earth.[17]

Axiom Station

edit
See also: Axiom Orbital Segment

Axiom Station intends to have its spacecraft modules individually launched and assembled in orbit, first attaching to the International Space Station. Before ISS retirement (and atmospheric reentry), the company plans to detach its modules and commence orbit on its own as Axiom Station.[18][19] Axiom Space renderings from 2020 illustrate how modules might be berthed and relocated on the ISS by the Mobile Servicing System, specifically the Canadarm2. Canadarm2 might also continue its operations on the Axiom Space Station after the retirement of the ISS in the late 2020s.[20][21] The company is currently targeting late 2026 for the launch of its first module to the ISS and the late-2020s for station completion.[22][3]

Axiom Space plans to conduct astronaut training for commercial astronauts, to host governments and commercial partners. Up to three Axiom Space modules could attach to the International Space Station. The first module is expected to dock to the forward port of Harmony, which would require relocation of the PMA-2. Axiom Space plans to attach up to two additional modules to its initial core module and send private astronauts to visit the modules.[1]

 
The Future Axiom Earth Observatory interior (Artist's illustration of the model designed by Philippe Starck)

The interior of Axiom Station was designed in 2018 by French architect Philippe Starck. Renderings of the habitat show a chamber with walls that are covered with tufted padding and studded with hundreds of colour-changing LEDs.[23] Axiom Space has publicly stated an intent to maintain at least one astronaut in the station continuously,[when?] who will be assigned to take care of research projects and station repairs.[24] This includes amenities like high-speed Wi-Fi, video screens, picture windows, and a glass-walled cupola.[25]

Human spaceflight

edit

Axiom Space provides human spaceflight services to people, corporations, and space agencies. Missions to the International Space Station are offered by Axiom Space, with a 10-day mission including 15 weeks of training.[26] In addition to training, Axiom Space states that the packages include mission planning, hardware development, life support, medical support, crew provisions, hardware and safety certifications, on-orbit operations, and mission management.[27] Missions could extend for longer periods depending on the focus of the spaceflight. Former NASA astronauts Peggy Whitson and Michael López-Alegría are employees and serve as commanders of missions.[28][29]

In June 2020, NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine said NASA was involved with the filming of a Tom Cruise movie to the ISS [30] with SpaceX expected to be the transportation partner for the flights.[31]

In-space research and manufacturing

edit
 
Crystals grown in microgravity

Axiom Space intends to commercialize microgravity research and development, using the ISS National Lab until its modules are operational.[citation needed]

Missions

edit

In early June 2021, Axiom Space announced a deal with SpaceX which added three additional crewed flights to the ISS, for a total of four.[32]

 
Axiom Mission 1 at LC-39A undergoing pre-launch preparations

Ax-1

edit
This paragraph is an excerpt from Axiom Mission 1.[edit]
Axiom Mission 1 (or Ax-1)[33] was a privately funded and operated crewed mission to the International Space Station (ISS). The mission was operated by Axiom Space out of Axiom's Mission Control Center MCC-A[34] in Houston, Texas. The flight launched on 8 April 2022 from Kennedy Space Center in Florida.[35] The spacecraft used was a SpaceX Crew Dragon. The crew consisted of Michael López-Alegría,[36] a Spaniard-American and a professionally trained astronaut hired by Axiom, Eytan Stibbe[37] from Israel,[38] Larry Connor from the United States,[38] and Mark Pathy from Canada.[38]

Ax-2

edit
Main article: Axiom Mission 2

Ax-2 was a private crew mission to the ISS. The flight launched on 21 May 2023 and sent four people to the ISS.[39] On 25 May 2021, Axiom Space announced that former NASA Astronaut Peggy Whitson would be the mission commander and John Shoffner would be the mission pilot.[40] Two astronauts from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Ali Alqarni[41][42] and Rayyanah Barnawi[43][44] were also on board as mission specialists.

Ax-3

edit
Main article: Axiom Mission 3

Ax-3 was a private crew mission to the ISS. The flight launched on 18 January 2024 and sent four people to the ISS. Former NASA Astronaut Michael López-Alegría was the mission commander and Walter Villadei was the mission pilot. Two astronauts from Turkey and Sweden, Alper Gezeravcı and Marcus Wandt were also on board as mission specialists.

Ax-4

edit
Main article: Axiom Mission 4

Ax-4 is a planned private crew mission to the ISS. The flight will launch no earlier than spring 2025 and carry four people to the ISS,[45] including veteran astronaut Peggy Whitson. The crew will include a Polish, a Hungarian and an Indian astronaut.[46]

Axiom Mission Control Center

edit

In January 2022, the Axiom Space Mission Control Center (or MCC-A) completed its first on-orbit science payload operation on the ISS. At this time, MCC-A, located at Axiom's HQ in Houston, TX, was registered as a payload operations site. In April 2022, MCC-A supported a record number of on-orbit science payload operations and live on-orbit events for Axiom's Ax-1 mission to ISS, which was the first all-private mission to the ISS. In late 2022, Axiom's MCC-A became a certified ISS partner Mission Control Center, connected to NASA's ISS program, joining a small handful of International partner MCCs and SpaceX's MCC. In May 2023, Axiom Space flew their second mission to ISS, Ax-2, supported entirely out of MCC-A by an Axiom Space flight control team of 6-10 flight controllers. [47]

Flights

edit
Mission Launch date (UTC) Landing date (UTC) Crew Duration Vehicle Remarks Outcome
Axiom Mission 1 8 April 2022[48] 25 April 2022
17 days Crew Dragon Endeavour[49] First Crew Dragon flight contracted by Axiom Space. First fully private flight to the ISS, carrying Michael López-Alegría as Axiom professional astronaut,[50] Eytan Stibbe to conduct educational experiments for a 17-day trip,[51][52] Larry Connor and Mark Pathy, both heading investment companies.[50] Success
Axiom Mission 2 21 May 2023[53] 31 May 2023
10 days Crew Dragon Freedom Second Crew Dragon flight contracted by Axiom Space.[55] Second fully private flight to the ISS, carrying Peggy Whitson as Axiom professional astronaut. Success
Axiom Mission 3 18 January 2024[56] 9 February 2024
21 days Crew Dragon Freedom Third Crew Dragon flight contracted by Axiom Space, astronauts are three military pilots whose flight is financed by their respective nations (Italy, Turkey and Sweden). Success
Axiom Mission 4 NET Q2 2025[45]   Peggy Whitson[57]
  Shubhanshu Shukla
  Sławosz Uznański
  Tibor Kapu 		14-21 days[58] Crew Dragon Planned

Space suit

edit

Future NASA contracted suits

edit

On 1 June 2022, NASA announced it had selected Axiom Space to develop and provide astronauts with next generation spacesuit and spacewalk systems to first test and later use outside the International Space Station, as well as on the lunar surface for the crewed Artemis missions, and prepare for human missions to Mars.[59][60]

See also

edit

References

edit
  1. ^ a b "NASA selects Axiom Space to build commercial space station module". SpaceNews. 28 January 2020. Retrieved 14 February 2020.
  2. ^ "Axiom Raises US$130 million". GeekWire. 16 February 2021. Archived from the original on 18 March 2022. Retrieved 26 May 2021.
  3. ^ a b Foust, Jeff (14 October 2022). "Commercial space station developers seek clarity on regulations". SpaceNews. Archived from the original on 24 February 2024. Retrieved 21 November 2022.
  4. ^ Wall, Mike (14 June 2018). "Want to Take a 10-Day Trip to the Space Station? It'll Cost You US$55 Million". Space.com. Archived from the original on 25 September 2023. Retrieved 14 June 2018.
  5. ^ Mack, Eric. "NASA will attach a private room to rent on the International Space Station". CNET. Archived from the original on 2 February 2022. Retrieved 6 June 2020.
  6. ^ "Rising Star - Axiom Space". SpaceFund. Archived from the original on 12 June 2020. Retrieved 12 June 2020.
  7. ^ Mack, Eric. "On NASA's 60th birthday, it's reinventing itself for the SpaceX era". CNET. Archived from the original on 9 December 2021. Retrieved 29 January 2020.
  8. ^ Reichhardt, Troy. "This Group of NASA Veterans Wants to Build Their Own Space Station". airspacemag.com. Smithsonian Institution. Archived from the original on 12 June 2020. Retrieved 12 June 2020.
  9. ^ Wilkers, Ross (26 April 2018). "In SGT deal, KBR further transforms its government services business". Washington Technology. Archived from the original on 12 June 2020. Retrieved 12 June 2020.
  10. ^ a b Northon, Karen (27 January 2020). "NASA Selects First Commercial Destination Module for International Space Station". nasa.gov. NASA. Archived from the original on 28 June 2023. Retrieved 12 June 2020.   This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  11. ^ Stephen Clark (5 March 2020). "Axiom strikes deal with SpaceX to ferry private astronauts to space station". Spaceflight Now. Archived from the original on 21 April 2020. Retrieved 12 June 2020.
  12. ^ "The 1st private astronaut mission to International Space Station is back on Earth". NPR. Associated Press. 25 April 2022. Archived from the original on 25 April 2022. Retrieved 25 April 2022.
  13. ^ Sheetz, Michael (16 February 2021). "Private spaceflight specialist Axiom Space raises US$130 million to become the latest space unicorn". CNBC. Archived from the original on 7 May 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  14. ^ "Axiom Space Breaks Ground on New Headquarters and Space Station Production Facility at Houston Spaceport". 11 May 2022.
  15. ^ "NextSTEP J - Opportunities to Stimulate Demand in Low Earth Orbit through Applied Research". nasa.gov. NASA. 21 June 2019. Archived from the original on 21 August 2019. Retrieved 12 June 2020.   This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  16. ^ Foust, Jeff (23 March 2020). "Bigelow Aerospace lays off entire workforce". SpaceNews. Archived from the original on 24 March 2020. Retrieved 19 June 2020.
  17. ^ Foust, Jeff (28 January 2020). "NASA selects Axiom Space to build commercial space station module". SpaceNews. Retrieved 19 June 2020.
  18. ^ "Axiom Space - Axiom Commercial Space Station". Axiom Space. Archived from the original on 6 March 2020. Retrieved 14 February 2020.
  19. ^ Etherington, Darrell (27 January 2020). "NASA taps startup Axiom Space for the first habitable commercial module for the Space Station". TechCrunch. Archived from the original on 28 January 2020. Retrieved 12 June 2020.
  20. ^ "Assembly Sequence: Watch the Axiom Segment of the ISS constructed module-by-module". Axiom Space. 26 January 2020. Archived from the original on 6 August 2020. Retrieved 12 June 2020.
  21. ^ "A Private Space Station Might Be Born From the ISS - Seeker". seeker.com. 25 January 2017. Archived from the original on 24 December 2022. Retrieved 26 September 2021.
  22. ^ Foust, Jeff (13 December 2023). "SpaceX yet to select launch pad for next Axiom Space private astronaut mission". SpaceNews. Archived from the original on 24 February 2024. Retrieved 13 December 2023. Ondler said in the briefing that the first of those modules is now scheduled to launch to the ISS at the end of 2026, about a year later than the company previously announced.
  23. ^ "French designer creates womblike habitat for space tourists". NBC News. Archived from the original on 25 May 2020. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
  24. ^ Colangelo, Anthony. "Episode T 147: Mike Suffredini, President & CEO of Axiom". mainenginecutoff.com. Archived from the original on 14 February 2020. Retrieved 14 February 2020.
  25. ^ Corbett, Tobias (27 January 2020). "NASA selects Axiom Space to build commercial space station segment". NASASpaceFlight.com. Archived from the original on 28 January 2020. Retrieved 28 January 2020.
  26. ^ Sheetz, Michael (5 March 2020). "SpaceX signs deal to fly 3 space tourists to the International Space Station late next year". CNBC. Archived from the original on 3 June 2020. Retrieved 16 June 2020.
  27. ^ Boyle, Alan (5 March 2020). "Axiom Space makes deal with SpaceX to send customers to space station next year". GeekWire. Archived from the original on 18 June 2020. Retrieved 17 June 2020.
  28. ^ "Peggy Whitson". Axiom Space. Archived from the original on 8 April 2022. Retrieved 6 April 2022.
  29. ^ "Michael Lopez-Alegria". Axiom Space. Archived from the original on 6 April 2022. Retrieved 6 April 2022.
  30. ^ "Origins: Jim Bridenstine". offnominal.space. Archived from the original on 18 June 2020. Retrieved 17 June 2020.   This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  31. ^ Sheetz, Michael (5 May 2020). "NASA is working with Tom Cruise to film a movie in space". CNBC. Archived from the original on 17 June 2020. Retrieved 16 June 2020.
  32. ^ Sheetz, Michael (2 June 2021). "Axiom Space expands SpaceX private crew launch deal, with four total missions to the space station". CNBC. Archived from the original on 29 May 2023. Retrieved 3 June 2021.
  33. ^ "NASA, Axiom Agree to First Private Astronaut Mission on Space Station". NASA. 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021.   This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  34. ^ "Axiom Space's Mission Control Center Ready to Support Upcoming Ax-1 Mission to International Space Station". Axiom Space. 29 March 2022. Retrieved 6 April 2022.
  35. ^ "NASA Launch Schedule". NASA. 28 March 2022. Retrieved 29 March 2022.
  36. ^ Irene Klotz [@Free_Space] (18 September 2020). "SpaNSFce Hero mission is about 4th on @Axiom_Space manifest, Mike Suffredini tells @AviationWeek. First up in October '21 is flight of 3 private individuals and former @NASA_Astronauts Mike Lopez-Algeria" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  37. ^ "Israel's second astronaut to blast off to space in 2021". 16 November 2020.
  38. ^ a b c Robert Z. Pearlman (26 January 2021). "Axiom Space Names First Private Crew to Visit Space Station". Scientific American. Scientific American.
  39. ^ Wall, Mike (21 May 2023). "SpaceX mission lifts off with former NASA astronaut, three paying customers". CNN.com. Archived from the original on 21 May 2023. Retrieved 21 May 2023.
  40. ^ Harwood, William (25 May 2021). "Whitson to command planned commercial flight to space station". Spaceflight Now. Archived from the original on 31 May 2021. Retrieved 26 May 2021.
  41. ^ "Ali Alqarni - Saudi Space Commission". saudispace.gov.sa. Archived from the original on 16 May 2023. Retrieved 29 May 2023.
  42. ^ "Meet Ali Alqarni, Ax-2 Mission Specialist". Axiom Space. Archived from the original on 27 May 2023. Retrieved 29 May 2023.
  43. ^ "Rayyanah Barnawi - Saudi Space Commission". saudispace.gov.sa. Archived from the original on 2 June 2023. Retrieved 29 May 2023.
  44. ^ "Meet Rayyanah Barnawi, Ax-2 Mission Specialist". Axiom Space. Archived from the original on 26 May 2023. Retrieved 29 May 2023.
  45. ^ a b @NASASpaceOps (9 August 2024). "Axiom Mission 4 (Ax-4), the fourth private astronaut mission to the @Space_Station, now is targeted to launch no earlier than Spring 2025 from @NASAKennedy in Florida" (Tweet). Retrieved 9 August 2024 – via Twitter.
  46. ^ Foust, Jeff (5 August 2024). "Hungary and Poland to join India on Ax-4". SpaceNews. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
  47. ^ "Axiom Space's Mission Control Center Ready to Support Upcoming Ax-1 Mission to International Space Station". Axiom Space. 29 March 2022. Archived from the original on 7 April 2022. Retrieved 7 April 2022.
  48. ^ Davenport, Justin (8 April 2022). "Axiom-1 launches first ever private crewed mission to ISS". NASASpaceFlight. Archived from the original on 7 April 2023. Retrieved 8 April 2022.
  49. ^ Margetta, Robert (2 February 2022). "NASA, Space Station Partners Approve First Axiom Mission Astronauts". NASA. Archived from the original on 6 May 2023. Retrieved 3 February 2022.
  50. ^ a b "Axiom Space names first private crew to launch to space station". collectSPACE. 26 January 2021. Archived from the original on 10 March 2021. Retrieved 26 January 2021.
  51. ^ Chang, Kenneth (5 March 2020). "There Are 2 Seats Left for This Trip to the International Space Station". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 28 May 2020. Retrieved 11 March 2020.
  52. ^ O'Kane, Sean (5 March 2020). "SpaceX will send three tourists to the International Space Station next year". The Verge. Archived from the original on 16 May 2020. Retrieved 11 March 2020.
  53. ^ Baylor, Michael. "Falcon 9 Block 5 - Axiom Mission 2 (AX-2)". Next Spaceflight. Archived from the original on 17 May 2023. Retrieved 25 April 2023.
  54. ^ Roulette, Joey (21 September 2022). "Exclusive: Saudi Arabia buys pair of SpaceX astronaut seats from Axiom -sources". Reuters. Archived from the original on 3 January 2023. Retrieved 20 September 2022.
  55. ^ Foust, Jeff (20 December 2021). "NASA selects Axiom for second private astronaut mission to ISS". SpaceNews. Archived from the original on 24 February 2024. Retrieved 18 January 2022.
  56. ^ "Falcon 9 Block 5 - Axiom Mission 3 (AX-3)". Next Spaceflight. 9 December 2023. Archived from the original on 18 January 2024. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
  57. ^ Ax-4 Mission Summary
  58. ^ Donaldson, Abbey A. "NASA Selects Axiom Space for Another Private Space Mission in 2024". News Release. NASA. Archived from the original on 28 January 2024. Retrieved 28 January 2024. expected to spend up to 14 days docked to the space station … The order also accommodates up to seven contingency days aboard the space station.
  59. ^ "NASA Partners with Industry for New Spacewalking, Moonwalking Services". NASA. 1 June 2022. Archived from the original on 14 June 2022. Retrieved 5 June 2022.
  60. ^ "NASA selects Axiom Space and Collins Aerospace for spacesuit contracts". SpaceNews. 1 June 2022. Archived from the original on 25 September 2023. Retrieved 14 June 2022.
edit
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Axiom_Space&oldid=1253771883"