Aplousobranchia is an order of sea squirts in the class Ascidiacea, first described by Fernando Lahille in 1886.[1][2] They are colonial animals, and are distinguished from other sea squirts by the presence of relatively simple pharyngeal baskets. This provides the etymology of their name: in ancient greek, ἁ.πλοος-ους (ha.ploos-ous) means "simple". The posterior part of the abdomen contains the heart and gonads, and is typically larger than in other sea squirts.
| Aplousobranchia | |
|---|---|
| |
| Didemnum | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Subphylum: | Tunicata |
| Class: | Ascidiacea |
| Order: | Aplousobranchia Lahille, 1887 |
| Families | |
| Synonyms | |
|
Krikobranchiae | |
Taxonomy
editOrder Aplousobranchia[3]
- Family Clavelinidae Forbes & Hanley 1848 [Pycnoclavellidae Kott 1990]
- Clavelina Savigny 1816 [Bradiclavella Zirpolo 1925; Chondrostachys Macdonald 1858; Dendroclavella Oka 1927; Podoclavella Herdman 1890; Rhodozona Van Name 1902; Stereoclavella Herdman 1890; Synclavella Caullery 1900]
- Euclavella Kott 1990
- Nephtheis Gould 1856 [Oxycorynia Drasche 1882]
- Pycnoclavella Garstang 1891 [Archiascidia Julin 1904]
- Family Diazonidae Garstang 1891
- Diazona Savigny 1816 [Aphanibranchion Oka 1906; Syntethys Forbes & Goodsir 1851; Diagonum Troschel 1842; Diagoma Wade 1842]
- Pseudodiazona Millar 1963 [Patridium Kott 1975]
- Pseudorhopalaea Millar 1975
- Rhopalaea Philippi 1843 [Rhopalona Roule 1886; Rhopalopsis Herdman 1890]
- Tylobranchion Herdman 1886
- Family Didemnidae Giard 1872 [Diplosominae Giard 1872]
- Atriolum Kott 1983
- Clitella Kott 2001
- Coelocormus Herdman 1886
- Didemnum Savigny 1816 [Didemnoides Drasche 1883; Diplosomoides Herdman 1886 non Lahille 1890; Hypurgon Sollas 1903; Leptoclinum Milne-Edwards 1842; Sarcodidemnoides Oka & Willey 1892; Tetradidemnum Della Valle 1881]
- Diplosoma Macdonald 1859 [Arenadiplosoma Menker & Ax 1970; Astellium Giard 1872; Lioclinum Verrill 1871; Pseudodidemnum Giard 1872; Pseudodiplosoma]
- Leptoclinides Bjerkan 1905 [Askonides Kott 1962]
- Lissoclinum Verrill 1871 [Diplosomoides Lahille 1890 non Herdman 1886; Echinoclinum Van Name 1902; Polysoma Kott 1983]
- Polysyncraton Nott 1892
- Trididemnum Della Valle 1881 [Didemnoides Lahille 1890 non Drasche 1884; Didemnopsis Hartmeyer 1903]
- Family Euherdmaniidae Ritter 1904
- Euherdmania Ritter 1904 [Herdmania Ritter 1903 non Lahille 1888]
- Family Holozoidae Berrill 1950
- Colella Herdman 1886 nomen nudum [4]
- Distaplia Della Valle 1881 [Celulophana; Holozoa Lesson 1832; Julinia Calman 1894; Leptobotrylloides Oka 1927]
- Hypsistozoa Brewin 1953
- Hypodistoma Tokioka 1967
- Neodistoma Kott 1990
- Polydistoma Kott 1990
- Protoholozoa Kott 1969
- Pseudoplacentela Sanamyan 1993
- Sycozoa Lesson 1832 [Cyathocormus Oka 1913]
- Sigillina Savigny 1816 [Atapozoa Brewin 1946; Atopozoa Brewin 1956; Hyperiodistoma Michaelsen 1930]
- Family Placentelidae Kott 1992
- Placentela Redikorzev 1913 [Homoedistoma Redikorzev 1927; Sigillinaria Oka 1933]
- Family Polycitoridae Michaelsen 1904
- Archidistoma Garstang 1891
- Brevicollus Kott 1990
- Cystodytes Drasche 1884
- Eucoelium Savigny 1816
- Eudistoma Caullery 1909 [Distoma Savigny 1816 non Retzius 1786; Paessleria Michaelsen 1909]
- Exostoma Kott 1990
- Millarus Monniot & Monniot 1988
- Polycitor Renier 1804 [Paradistoma Caullery 1909; Tetrazona Michaelsen 1930]
- Polycitorella Michaelsen 1924
- Rhombifera Peres 1956 non Barrande 1867
- Family Polyclinidae Milne-Edwards 1841 [Synoicidae]
- Aplidiopsis Lahille 1890
- Aplidium Savigny 1816 [Haploidium Agassiz 1846; Amaroecium Milne-Edwards 1841; Circinalium Giard 1872; Fragarium Giard 1872; Heterotrema Fiedler 1889; Parascidia Milne- Edwards 1841; Polyclinoides Drasche 1883; Sidnyum Savigny 1816]
- Morchellioides Herdman, 1886
- Morchellium Giard 1872
- Neodictyon Sanamyan 1988
- Polyclinella Harant 1931
- Polyclinum Savigny 1816 [Glossophorum Lahille 1816]
- Sidneioides Kesteven 1909
- Synoicum Phipps 1774 [Atopogaster Herdman 1886; Lissamaroucium Sluiter 1906; Macroclinum Verrill 1871; Polyclinopsis Gottschaldt 1894; Psammaplidium Herdman 1886; Glossoforum Lahille 1886]
- Family Protopolyclinidae Kott 1992
- Condominium Kott 1992
- Monniotus Millar 1988
- Protopolyclinum Millar 1960
- Family Pseudodistomidae Harant 1931
- Anadistoma Kott 1992
- Citorclinum Monniot & Millar 1988
- Pseudodistoma Michaelsen 1924
- Family Ritterellidae Kott 1992
- Dumus Brewin, 1952
- Pharyngodictyon Herdman 1886
- Ritterella Harant 1931
- Family Stomozoidae Kott 1990
- Stomozoa Kott 1957
- Family Vitrumidae Kott 2009
- Vitrum Kott 2009
References
edit- ^ "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Aplousobranchia". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2023-01-13.
- ^ Lahille, F. (1886). Sur le classification des Tuniciers. C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris. 16: 1573-1575
- ^ Gittenberger, A.; Sanamyan, K. (2015). Aplousobranchia. In: Shenkar, N.; Gittenberger, A.; Lambert, G.; Rius, M.; Moreira Da Rocha, R.; Swalla, B.J.; Turon, X. (2015) Ascidiacea World Database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species on 2015-12-23
- ^ "Colella Herdman, 1886". WoRMS. Retrieved 17 March 2019.
- Barnes, Robert D. (1982). Invertebrate Zoology. Philadelphia, PA: Holt-Saunders International. p. 1042. ISBN 0-03-056747-5.