Wikipedia

Ankyrin-3

Ankyrin-3 (ANK-3), also known as ankyrin-G, is a protein from ankyrin family that in humans is encoded by the ANK3 gene.[5][6]

ANK3
Available structures
PDBOrtholog search: PDBe RCSB
Identifiers
AliasesANK3, ANKYRIN-G, MRT37, ankyrin 3, node of Ranvier (ankyrin G), ankyrin 3
External IDsOMIM: 600465; MGI: 88026; HomoloGene: 56908; GeneCards: ANK3; OMA:ANK3 - orthologs
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

288

11735

Ensembl

ENSG00000151150

ENSMUSG00000069601

UniProt

Q12955

G5E8K5

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_001149
NM_001204403
NM_001204404
NM_020987
NM_001320874

RefSeq (protein)

NP_001140
NP_001191332
NP_001191333
NP_001307803
NP_066267

Location (UCSC)Chr 10: 60.03 – 60.73 MbChr 10: 69.4 – 70.03 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Function

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The protein encoded by this gene, ankyrin-3 is an immunologically distinct gene product from ankyrins ANK1 and ANK2, and was originally found at the axonal initial segment and nodes of Ranvier of neurons in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Alternatively spliced variants may be expressed in other tissues. Although multiple transcript variants encoding several different isoforms have been found for this gene, the full-length nature of only two have been characterized.[5]

Within the nervous system, ankyrin-G is specifically localized to the neuromuscular junction, the axon initial segment and the Nodes of Ranvier.[7] Within the nodes of Ranvier where action potentials are actively propagated, ankyrin-G has long been thought to be the intermediate binding partner to neurofascin and voltage-gated sodium channels.[8] The genetic deletion of ankyrin-G from multiple neuron types has shown that ankyrin-G is required for the normal clustering of voltage-gated sodium channels at the axon hillock and for action potential firing.[9][10]

Disease linkage

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The ANK3 protein associates with the cardiac sodium channel Nav1.5 (SCN5A). Both proteins are highly expressed at ventricular intercalated disc and T-tubule membranes in cardiomyocytes. A mutation in the Nav1.5 protein blocks interaction with ANK3 binding and therefore disrupts surface expression of Nav1.5 in cardiomyocytes resulting in Brugada syndrome, a type of cardiac arrhythmia.[11]

Other mutations in the ANK3 gene may be involved in the bipolar disorder and intellectual disability.[12][13][14][15]

Ankyrin family

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Main article: Ankyrin

The protein encoded by the ANK3 gene is a member of the ankyrin family of proteins that link the integral membrane proteins to the underlying spectrin-actin cytoskeleton. Ankyrins play key roles in activities such as cell motility, activation, proliferation, contact and the maintenance of specialized membrane domains. Most ankyrins are typically composed of three structural domains: an amino-terminal domain containing multiple ankyrin repeats; a central region with a highly conserved spectrin binding domain; and a carboxy-terminal regulatory domain which is the least conserved and subject to variation.[5]

References

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  1. ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000151150 – Ensembl, May 2017
  2. ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000069601 – Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. ^ a b c "Entrez Gene: ANK2 ankyrin 3, node of Ranvier".
  6. ^ Kapfhamer D, Miller DE, Lambert S, Bennett V, Glover TW, Burmeister M (May 1995). "Chromosomal localization of the ankyrinG gene (ANK3/Ank3) to human 10q21 and mouse 10". Genomics. 27 (1): 189–191. doi:10.1006/geno.1995.1023. PMID 7665168.
  7. ^ Lambert S, Davis JQ, Bennett V (September 1997). "Morphogenesis of the node of Ranvier: co-clusters of ankyrin and ankyrin-binding integral proteins define early developmental intermediates". The Journal of Neuroscience. 17 (18): 7025–7036. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.17-18-07025.1997. PMC 6573274. PMID 9278538.
  8. ^ Srinivasan Y, Lewallen M, Angelides KJ (April 1992). "Mapping the binding site on ankyrin for the voltage-dependent sodium channel from brain". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 267 (11): 7483–7489. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)42543-4. PMID 1313804.
  9. ^ Zhou D, Lambert S, Malen PL, Carpenter S, Boland LM, Bennett V (November 1998). "AnkyrinG is required for clustering of voltage-gated Na channels at axon initial segments and for normal action potential firing". The Journal of Cell Biology. 143 (5): 1295–1304. doi:10.1083/jcb.143.5.1295. PMC 2133082. PMID 9832557.
  10. ^ Hedstrom KL, Xu X, Ogawa Y, Frischknecht R, Seidenbecher CI, Shrager P, et al. (August 2007). "Neurofascin assembles a specialized extracellular matrix at the axon initial segment". The Journal of Cell Biology. 178 (5): 875–886. doi:10.1083/jcb.200705119. PMC 2064550. PMID 17709431.
  11. ^ Mohler PJ, Rivolta I, Napolitano C, LeMaillet G, Lambert S, Priori SG, et al. (December 2004). "Nav1.5 E1053K mutation causing Brugada syndrome blocks binding to ankyrin-G and expression of Nav1.5 on the surface of cardiomyocytes". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 101 (50): 17533–17538. Bibcode:2004PNAS..10117533M. doi:10.1073/pnas.0403711101. PMC 536011. PMID 15579534.
  12. ^ "Bipolar Disorder Discovery at the Nano Level". Archived from the original on 2014-12-04. Retrieved 2014-12-01.
  13. ^ Ferreira MA, O'Donovan MC, Meng YA, Jones IR, Ruderfer DM, Jones L, et al. (September 2008). "Collaborative genome-wide association analysis supports a role for ANK3 and CACNA1C in bipolar disorder". Nature Genetics. 40 (9): 1056–1058. doi:10.1038/ng.209. PMC 2703780. PMID 18711365.
  14. ^ "Channeling Mental Illness: GWAS Links Ion Channels, Bipolar Disorder". Schizophrenia Research Forum: News. schizophreniaforum.org. 2008-08-19. Archived from the original on 2010-12-18. Retrieved 2008-08-21.
  15. ^ Iqbal Z, Vandeweyer G, van der Voet M, Waryah AM, Zahoor MY, Besseling JA, et al. (May 2013). "Homozygous and heterozygous disruptions of ANK3: at the crossroads of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders". Human Molecular Genetics. 22 (10): 1960–1970. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddt043. PMID 23390136.

Further reading

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This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.

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