The 19th Chess Olympiad (German: Die 19. Schacholympiade), comprising an open team tournament as well as the annual FIDE congress, took place between September 5–27, 1970, in Siegen, West Germany.[1]

Official Logo of the Siegen Olympiad

The Soviet team with six Grandmasters, led by world champion Boris Spassky, lived up to expectations and won their tenth consecutive gold medal, although only by a single point, with Hungary and Yugoslavia taking the silver and bronze, respectively.

Tournament report

edit

Held at the Siegerland Hall venue, a total of 64 nations applied to enter the tournament. Unfortunately, space constraints and FIDE's intended model format meant that only 60 could be accommodated. It was then found that four teams were to have their applications rejected on the grounds that they had missed the deadline. These four teams were: Argentina, France, Ecuador, and Venezuela. When Panama withdrew their application, Argentina took their place.

The tournament was run as a two-stage round-robin. Six preliminary groups of 10 teams each determined the composition of five Finals of 12 teams each, with the top two from each group ending up in Final A etc. Several unsatisfactory aspects of this system were voiced, however, and they manifested themselves in a variety of ways.

Firstly, the pressure was raised to fever pitch at a very early stage in the proceedings. A single poor result in the preliminaries could condemn a team to a low final group. All this proved too much for England's top player, Jonathan Penrose, who in his crucial last-round preliminary match, blundered a piece and fainted from the shock. A nervous player at the best of times, he was retired from the rest of the contest on medical grounds and England ended up in Group C, below their seeding, which they then went on to win by a hefty margin.

The Sunday Times reported several instances of cheating. For example, in the Indonesia versus Switzerland preliminary match, a player moved his queen next to the opponent's king with check. Capturing the queen with the king was forced and so the player made the move for his opponent, declaring stalemate and shaking hands all in one movement. His dazed opponent ended up signing the scoresheet before recovering his wits and realizing (too late) that it was not a stalemate at all.

It was possible for strong teams, sitting comfortably in favourable qualification spots, to not try as hard as they might have in other circumstances. Such actions could influence the qualification process below them and, as a deliberate ploy, could have assisted in assigning a strong rival to a lower final group.

Then there was the whole question of apartheid. Albania decided to forfeit their game against South Africa as a protest against racial segregation and so lost 4–0. Naturally, this meant that the whole group dynamic was lost and the resulting placings somewhat distorted. Some teams and a small number of strong players did not compete at all as a protest against the participation of the South African team.

The teams competed for the Hamilton-Russell Cup. Matches were scored by game points, with match points being used in the event of a tie-break. The Chief Referee was International Arbiter Harry de Graaf. A total of 360 players took part, including 35 grandmasters and 66 international masters.

 
Spassky versus Fischer

As was customary, the FIDE congress was also held during the Olympiad and the major news concerned the retirement of President Folke Rogard after 21 years of service. He was to be replaced by former World Champion Max Euwe and this appeared to be a universally popular decision. Another important issue was the presentation of a proposed new system for the awarding GM and IM titles; the congress adopted in full the report submitted by a committee comprising top player Svetozar Gligorić, Professor Arpad Elo and FIDE Vice President Mr. Dorazil.

The tournament was very well attended by the public, particularly on the day that current World Champion Boris Spassky played future champion Bobby Fischer, with an estimated 3000 spectators turning up (Spassky won).

Individual performances

edit

World Champion Boris Spassky took the best score on board one (79.17%) and won a suit as a prize. Bobby Fischer finished a close second with 76.9% and Bent Larsen a close third with 76.5%.

Tigran Petrosian extended his amazing run of unbeaten Olympiad games to 90 (won 58, drawn 32).

Viktor Korchnoi lost only one game - as a result of oversleeping he defaulted to the Spaniard, Diez del Corral. There was no satisfactory explanation as to why (non-playing) team captain Paul Keres or one of Korchnoi's teammates could not have telephoned his room when noticing he was a few minutes late.

Oscar Panno drew a record 15 games; however this may be partially explained by his accommodation. Siegen was a small place and many competitors were housed in the surrounding area. When Korchnoi asked Panno where he was living, his reply was "in a pure field".

Results

edit

Preliminaries

edit

Preliminary head-to-head results were carried over to the finals, so no teams met more than once. All preliminary groups and finals were played as round-robin tournaments. The results were as follows:

  • Group 1:
Country 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 = Points
«A»   Soviet Union - 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 9 0 0 31
«A»   Spain 1 - 2 4 4 4 4 7 1 1 28½
«B»   Poland 1 2 - 3 2 3 4 4 5 2 2 24
«B»   Australia 1 1 - 3 2 3 4 4 5 3 1 23
«C»   Tunisia 1 ½ 2 1 - 1 2 4 3 3 4 2 18
«C»   Greece 1 0 ½ 3 - 4 5 4 0 17½
«D»   Peru 0 ½ ½ 2 2 - 2 4 4 3 3 3 17½
«D»   Dominican Republic 0 0 1 1 0 2 - 2 1 6 2 11
«E»   Faroe Islands 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 - 4 1 7 1
«E»   Monaco 0 0 0 0 ½ 0 0 ½ 0 - 0 9 0 1
  • Group 2:
Country 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 = Points
«A»   Yugoslavia - 4 4 4 4 9 0 0 31½
«A»   Canada - 1 2 3 3 4 6 2 1 23
«B»   Indonesia ½ 3 - 1 4 4 6 3 0 22½
«B»   Mongolia 0 2 - 2 4 3 6 1 2 22
«C»   England 1 3 2 - 2 2 3 3 4 4 2 3 21½
«C»   Iran ½ ½ 2 - 2 4 4 3 4 2 19½
«D»   Switzerland ½ 2 2 - 3 4 3 4 2 18½
«D»   Luxembourg 0 1 0 0 1 0 - 3 2 1 7 1
«E»   Andorra 0 ½ ½ 1 0 1 1 - 2 0 8 1
«E»   Hong Kong 0 0 0 1 0 ½ 0 2 2 - 0 7 2
  • Group 3:
Country 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 = Points
«A»   East Germany - 3 3 4 4 4 4 9 0 0 30½
«A»   United States - 2 3 4 4 4 4 7 1 1 28½
«B»   Netherlands 1 2 - 2 4 4 4 4 6 1 2 28
«B»   Finland 1 1 2 - 1 2 4 4 4 4 3 2 22½
«C»   Belgium ½ 3 - 2 3 4 4 1 19
«C»   Brazil ½ 0 0 2 2 - 4 4 3 2 17
«D»   Mexico 0 0 ½ 0 - 2 2 2 5 2 12
«D»   Japan 0 0 0 0 1 2 - 4 2 6 1 12
«E»   Turkey 0 ½ 0 ½ ½ 2 ½ - 3 1 7 1
«E»   United States Virgin Islands 0 0 0 0 ½ 0 ½ 0 1 - 0 9 0 2
  • Group 4:
Country 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 = Points
«A»   Romania - 3 4 4 4 7 2 0 26½
«A»   Hungary - 2 4 4 8 0 1 26
«B»   Denmark - 2 2 4 4 6 1 2 25½
«B»   Sweden 1 2 - 2 4 4 4 3 2 22
«C»   Philippines 2 ½ - 4 5 3 1 21½
«C»   Italy - 2 4 4 4 1 21½
«D»   Ireland ½ 2 2 2 - 3 3 3 3 3 19
«D»   Lebanon 0 ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ 1 - 3 1 8 0 8
«E»   Morocco 0 0 0 0 ½ 0 1 - 2 7 0
«E»   Guernsey 0 0 0 0 0 ½ ½ 1 ½ - 0 9 0
  • Group 5:
Country 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 = Points
«A»   Argentina - 2 2 4 7 0 2 26
«A»   Czechoslovakia 2 - 2 2 2 4 4 5 0 4 25½
«B»   Israel - 2 4 6 2 1 24½
«B»   Cuba 2 2 2 - 3 3 3 6 0 3 22½
«C»   Norway 2 - 2 4 3 3 4 3 2 22
«C»   Scotland ½ ½ ½ 1 2 - 4 3 3 4 4 4 1 18½
«D»   Singapore ½ 2 1 0 0 - 2 2 5 2 14
«D»   Portugal 0 ½ 1 1 2 - 4 2 6 1 14
«E»   Malta 0 0 0 1 1 1 ½ - 3 1 8 0 8
«E»   Rhodesia ½ ½ ½ ½ 0 ½ 0 1 - 0 9 0 5
  • Group 6:
Country 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 = Points
«A»   West Germany - 2 3 3 4 3 4 8 0 1 29½
«A»   Bulgaria 2 - 2 3 4 4 7 0 2 28
«B»   Austria ½ - 2 4 4 3 5 3 1 21½
«B»   Colombia 1 ½ 2 - 2 3 5 2 2 20½
«C»   Iceland 1 2 - 2 3 4 3 4 2 19
«C»   Puerto Rico 0 1 0 2 - 3 4 4 1 16
«D»   South Africa ½ ½ 0 ½ - 4 4 2 7 0 14
«D»   Albania 1 0 2 1 0 - 3 3 5 1 13½
«E»   New Zealand ½ ½ ½ 1 - 3 3 6 0 13½
«E»   Cyprus 0 0 1 1 0 ½ 0 1 1 - 0 9 0
  • Team Albania refused to play South Africa due to political reasons.

Finals

edit
Final A
# Country Players Points MP Head-
to-head
1   Soviet Union Spassky, Petrosian, Korchnoi, Polugaevsky, Smyslov, Geller 27½
2   Hungary Portisch, Lengyel, Bilek, Forintos, Csom, Ribli 26½
3   Yugoslavia Gligorić, Ivkov, Matulović, Matanović, Parma, Minić 26
4   United States Fischer, Reshevsky, Evans, Benko, Lombardy, Mednis 24½
5   Czechoslovakia Hort, Filip, Jansa, Smejkal, Přibyl, Blatný 23½
6   West Germany Unzicker, Schmid, Darga, Hecht, Mohrlok, Klundt 22
7   Bulgaria Bobotsov, Tringov, Padevsky, Popov, Radulov, Kolarov 21½ 10
8   Argentina Najdorf, Panno, Bolbochán, Quinteros, Rubinetti, Juárez 21½ 10
9   East Germany Uhlmann, Malich, Liebert, Hennings, Zinn, Baumbach 19
10   Romania Gheorghiu, Ciocâltea, Ghițescu, Ungureanu, Mititelu, Reicher 18½
11   Canada Yanofsky, Suttles, Vranesic, Witt, Amos, Fuster 17½
12   Spain Pomar, Díez del Corral, Torán, Medina, Calvo, Bellón López 16
Final B
# Country Players Points MP Head-
to-head
13   Israel Kagan, Kraidman, Peretz, Geller, Gelfer, Bleiman 27
14   Poland Kostro, Doda, Adamski, Schmidt, Bednarski, Filipowicz 25
15   Australia Browne, Fuller, Hamilton, Shaw, Purdy, Koshnitsky 24½
16   Mongolia Myagmarsuren, Üitümen, Lhagva, Zorigt, Jigjidsuren, Gungabazar 23½
17   Sweden Andersson, Jansson, Kinnmark, Liljedahl, Johansson, Olsson 23 13
18   Netherlands Scholl, Ree, Langeweg, Zuidema, Bouwmeester, Hartoch 23 13
19   Denmark Larsen, Petersen, Jakobsen, Moe, Holm, Enevoldsen 22
20   Finland Westerinen, Ojanen, Sirkiä, Koskinen, Lahti, Gostowski 21½
21   Cuba García Martínez, Jiménez, Cobo Arteaga, Hernández, Carlos Diaz, Lebredo Zarragoitia 20
22   Austria Dückstein, Holaszek, Kinzel, Röhrl, Steiner, Janetschek 19½
23   Colombia Rodríguez, Cuéllar, Cuartas, Alzate, de Greiff, Muñoz 18
24   Indonesia Wotulo, Ardiansyah, Rusli, Bachtiar, Bessaria, Hamdan A. H. 17
Final C
# Country Players Points MP
25   England Penrose, Keene, Hartston, Lee, Whiteley, Corden 30
26   Philippines Naranja, Torre, Rodríguez, De Castro, Lobigas, Estimo 27½
27   Iceland Sigurjónsson, Kristinsson, Thorbergsson, Magnússon, Sólmundarson, Angantýsson 26
28   Brazil Câmara, Rocha, Nóbrega, Toth, Resende, Pinto Paiva 25½
29   Norway Johannessen, Hoen, Vinje-Gulbrandsen, Wibe, de Lange, Øgaard 24
30   Italy Tatai, Paoli, Primavera, Zichichi, Cosulich, Romani 22½
31   Greece Siaperas, Vizantiadis, Trikaliotis, Kazilaris, Skalkotas, Papapostolou 20
32   Iran Hemmasi, Mashian, Safvat, Harandi, Ebrahimi, Sharif 19
33   Belgium Boey, Cornelis, Beyen, Schumacher, Van Schoor, Wostyn 18½ 10
34   Scotland Levy, Pritchett, McKay, Bonner, Jamieson, Freeman 18½ 9
35   Tunisia Bouaziz, Belkadi, Kchouk, Amandou, Nouisseri, Lagha 17½
36   Puerto Rico Kaplan, Colón Romero M., Berríos Pagán, Martínez Buitrago, Sacarello, Cintrón 14½
Final D
# Country Players Points MP
37   Switzerland Lombard, Schaufelberger, Gereben, Hohler, Huss, Castagna 29½
38   Albania Pustina, Duraku, Vila, Adhami, Omari, Konçi 28
39   Peru Rodríguez Vargas, Súmar Casis, Quiñones, Vásquez, Espinoza, Miranda 27½
40   Singapore Tan Lian Ann, Lim Kok Ann, Giam Choo Kwee, Lee Chee Seng, Pang Kwok Leong, Leow 26½
41   Portugal Cordovil, Durão, Gilbert, Ribeiro, Santos, Rego 24½
42   Ireland Littleton, Patterson, Moles, Heidenfeld, Henry, Kennefick 23½
43   South Africa Friedgood, Price, Heyns, Griffiths, Dreyer, Bloch 22½
44   Mexico Campos López, Acevedo, Winter Gallegos, Mondragón, Rizo, Terrazas 21
45   Lebanon Sursock, Tarazi, Loheac-Ammoun, Salameh, Bedros, Galeb 17
46   Luxembourg Feller, Stull, Philippe, Schammo, Weber, Milbers 15½
47   Japan Miyasaki, Matsumoto, Higashi, Hoshino I., Nonaka, Arita 15
48   Dominican Republic Belliard Alonzo, Malagón, Yabra, Andujar, Gonzáles, Belliard 13½
Final E
# Country Players Points MP
49   New Zealand Sarapu, Wade, Anderson, Evans C. A., Kerr, Green 36
50   Rhodesia Donnely, Hope, Fox, Lampitt, Bennett, Levy 28 17
51   Turkey İbrahimoğlu, Bilyap, Uzman, Nutku, Öztürk, Günsav 28 16
52   Malta Camilleri, Gouder, Saliba, Sollars, Cilia Vincenti, Pace Floridia 27½
53   Hong Kong Krstic, Kazanski, Hasan, Krouk, Fung Yee Wang, Hasan 26
54   Morocco Kaderi, Belarbi, Marachi, Bouadid, Kattani, Bendriss 25
55   Faroe Islands Petersen, Olsen, Midjord, Thomsen, Vilhelm, Durhuus 19
56   Andorra Ulvestad, Clua Ballague, Calderó, Sanz, Pantebre Martínez, Grimpera 18
57   Cyprus Avgousti, Kleopas, Constantinou, Georgiades G., Hadjittofis, Lantsias 16
58   British Virgin Islands Hook, Hoyt, Abraham, Potter, Scherman, Edwards 15
59   Guernsey Withers, Palmer, Jones, Lainé, Naftel, Bisson 13
60   Monaco Lorinczi Retek, Barriera, Dusclaux, Zapuzek, Scharf, Martelli R. 12½

Final «A»

edit
  • Matches played in semi-finals are italicized.
Country 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 = Points
1   Soviet Union - 2 2 2 2 3 3 7 0 4 27½
2   Hungary 2 - 2 3 3 8 1 2 26½
3   Yugoslavia 2 - 2 2 8 0 3 26
4   United States 2 - 2 3 2 5 3 3 24½
5   Czechoslovakia 2 2 2 - 1 2 2 2 3 3 2 6 23½
6   West Germany - 2 2 3 4 5 2 22
7   Bulgaria 2 ½ 3 2 - 2 2 3 3 4 4 21½
8   Argentina 2 1 2 - 3 4 5 2 21½
9   East Germany 1 1 2 2 2 - 2 2 1 5 5 19
10   Romania 2 1 2 - 2 1 7 3 18½
11   Canada ½ 1 2 ½ 2 2 - 2 6 3 17½
12   Spain 1 1 1 1 2 - 1 9 1 16

Final «B»

edit
  • Matches played in semi-finals are italicized.
Country 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 = Points
13   Israel - 3 3 3 2 2 2 3 7 1 3 27
14   Poland - 3 2 0 2 3 6 3 2 25
15   Australia 1 - 1 3 3 6 5 0 24½
16   Mongolia 1 ½ - 2 3 3 3 2 6 3 2 23½
17   Sweden 1 ½ - 2 3 2 2 5 3 3 23
18   Netherlands 1 2 3 2 - 2 2 2 4 2 5 23
19   Denmark 2 ½ 1 2 - 3 3 ½ 5 4 2 22
20   Finland 4 1 1 2 1 - 3 4 6 1 21½
21   Cuba 2 2 1 1 2 1 - 3 2 2 2 4 5 20
22   Austria 2 ½ 2 ½ 1 - 2 2 6 3 19½
23   Colombia 1 2 1 2 2 - 1 7 3 18
24   Indonesia 1 1 2 2 ½ 2 ½ - 2 6 3 17

Final «C»

edit
  • Matches played in semi-finals are italicized.
Country 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 = Points
25   England - 3 3 2 2 4 3 3 8 1 2 30
26   Philippines 1 - 2 1 4 3 3 7 3 1 27½
27   Iceland 1 2' - 3 3 2 3 2 6 2 3 26
28   Brazil 1 - 2 2 2 3 3 7 1 3 25½
29   Norway 2 3 1 - 1 3 2 2 5 3 3 24
30   Italy 2 3 - 2 2 2 3 3 4 4 22½
31   Greece ½ 2 1 2 - 2 2 3 3 2 2 4 5 20½
32   Iran 2 1 2 2 2 - 1 2 1 5 5 19
33   Belgium 0 0 2 2 - 2 2 3 4 4 18½
34   Scotland ½ 1 ½ 1 2 2 1 2 - 3 3 3 5 3 18½
35   Tunisia 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 - 3 2 8 1 17½
36   Puerto Rico 1 ½ 2 ½ 1 2 2 2 1 1 - 0 7 4 14½

Final «D»

edit
  • Matches played in semi-finals are italicized.
Country 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 = Points
37   Switzerland - 2 3 2 3 3 3 8 1 2 29½
38   Albania - 2 2 3 0 3 3 4 7 2 2 28
39   Peru 2 - 2 2 3 3 2 7 0 4 27½
40   Singapore 2 2 - 2 2 3 2 5 1 5 26½
41   Portugal 1 2 - 3 2 1 2 3 4 4 4 3 24½
42   Ireland 2 1 2 2 1 - 3 2 2 4 2 5 23½
43   South Africa 1 4 2 2 ½ - 1 3 3 3 4 5 2 22½
44   Mexico ½ 1 1 ½ 3 3 - 3 2 4 4 6 1 21
45   Lebanon 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 - 3 2 2 7 2 17
46   Luxembourg ½ 2 1 2 1 1 - 1 1 8 2 15½
47   Japan 1 0 ½ 0 2 2 1 - 2 2 6 3 15
48   Dominican Republic ½ ½ 2 ½ ½ 1 0 2 3 2 - 1 7 3 13½

Final «E»

edit
  • Matches played in semi-finals are italicized.
Country 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 = Points
49   New Zealand - 4 3 2 2 4 3 4 9 0 2 36
50   Rhodesia 0 - 2 1 4 8 2 1 28
51   Turkey ½ 2 - 3 4 2 3 3 3 7 2 2 28
52   Malta 1 3 - 2 2 2 3 3 3 7 1 3 27½
53   Hong Kong 2 1 2 - 3 3 2 3 3 3 6 2 3 26
54   Morocco 2 2 1 - 1 3 5 4 2 25
55   Faroe Islands 0 ½ 0 2 1 3 - 1 2 2 4 3 5 3 19
56   Andorra ½ ½ ½ 1 2 3 - 3 2 3 6 2 18
57   Cyprus 1 ½ 2 ½ 2 1 - 3 1 8 2 16
58   British Virgin Islands ½ 0 1 ½ 1 1 2 1 - 3 2 8 1 15
59   Guernsey 0 1 1 1 ½ ½ ½ - 2 2 8 1 13
60   Monaco ½ 1 1 1 1 ½ 0 2 1 2 - 1 8 2 12½


Individual medals

edit

Best game

edit

The 'Best Game' prize went to Lothar Schmid (West Germany) - Anton Kinzel (Austria) from the preliminaries.

References

edit
  1. ^ "OlimpBase, "19th Chess Olympiad: Siegen 1970"".