The 1988 United States presidential election in Georgia took place on November 8, 1988. All 50 states and the District of Columbia, were part of the 1988 United States presidential election. Georgia voters chose 12 electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president. Georgia was won by incumbent Vice President George H. W. Bush of Texas, who was running against Massachusetts Governor Michael Dukakis. Bush ran with Indiana Senator Dan Quayle as Vice President, and Dukakis ran with Texas Senator Lloyd Bentsen.
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 County Results
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Only two counties failed to give one of the major party nominees an outright majority: Clarke, which gave Dukakis a narrow plurality, and Bibb, which gave Bush a narrow plurality. Bush won four counties that had voted for Walter Mondale in 1984, out of only seven such counties nationwide.[1][a] Georgia was one of only two states that Bush carried in 1988 which had voted for Jimmy Carter in 1980, the other being Maryland.
As of the 2024[update], this is the last election in which Terrell County, Bibb County, Muscogee County, Liberty County, Richmond County, Dougherty County, and Clayton County voted for a Republican presidential candidate.[2]
Background
editGeorgia was the only southern state between the 1980 and 1988 presidential elections to support the Democratic nominee.[3] 37% of white voters identified as Democrats in 1986.[4]
Mack Mattingly election to the U.S. Senate in 1980 made him the first Republican statewide official since Reconstruction, but he was defeated by Wyche Fowler in the 1986 election.[5] The Republicans increased their seat total in the Georgia General Assembly from 28 seats to 48 seats between 1980 and 1989.[6]
Primaries
editDemocratic primary
editAl Gore won 53% of the white vote.[7] The racial composition of the primary was 64% white and 36% black.[8]
| Candidate | Vote received | |
|---|---|---|
| # | % | |
| Jesse Jackson | 247,831 | 39.80% |
| Albert Gore, Jr. | 201,490 | 32.36% |
| Michael Dukakis | 97,179 | 15.61% |
| Dick Gephardt | 41,489 | 6.66% |
| Gary Hart | 15,852 | 2.55% |
| Paul Simon | 8,388 | 1.35% |
| Uncommitted | 7,276 | 1.17% |
| Bruce Babbitt | 3,247 | 0.52% |
| Total | 622,752 | 100% |
Republican primary
edit49% of white voters participated in the Republican primary.[10]
George H. W. Bush won Georgia in the Republican primary, but supporters of Pat Robertson staged a walkout of the state's convention in protest of the delegate selection. Two competing delegate slates were sent to the Republican National Convention. The Georgian delegation was divided equally between the Bush and Robertson supporters to avoid controversy, but John Stuckey Jr., a Bush supporter and chair of the Georgia Republican Party, threatened to resign in protest of the deal. The Robertson delegates attempted to have Brant Frost IV, Robertson's campaign chair for Georgia, be selected as the chair of the Georgia delegation, but was rejected in favor of U.S. Representative Pat Swindall.[11]
Georgia's national committeeman was sought by the Bush-backed Newt Gingrich, Robertson-backed incumbent Carl Gillis, and Joe Rogers. Gillis won the position. Bush's campaign formed a twenty-one-member steering committee for Georgia which only included two supporters of Robertson.[12] Gillis operated a separate Bush campaign in southern Georgia.[13]
| Candidate | Vote received | |
|---|---|---|
| # | % | |
| George H.W. Bush | 215,516 | 53.75% |
| Bob Dole | 94,749 | 23.63% |
| Pat Robertson | 65,163 | 16.25% |
| Jack Kemp | 23,409 | 5.84% |
| Pete Du Pont | 1,309 | 0.33% |
| Alexander Haig | 782 | 0.20% |
| Total | 400,928 | 100.00% |
Campaign
editSpeaker Tom Murphy initially supported Dukakis, but withdrew his support in October due to his stance on capital punishment and gun control. Lester Maddox, a former Democratic governor, criticized Dukakis as a "socialist and revolutionary leftist" and promised to conduct an anti-Dukakis campaign in six southern states. Dukakis planned on conducting a tour of the state in October, but it was canceled as scheduling conflicts prevented state Democratic leaders from joining him.[14]
Bush won 134 counties and all of the metropolitan areas in the state. Dukakis won 25 counties, with 15 of the counties having a majority black population and 6 of the counties having a black population between 40%-50%.[15] 72% of white voters supported Bush while 27% supported Dukakis.[16][17] However, the Democrats retained control of the state legislature and nine of the state's ten seats in the U.S. House of Representatives.[6]
Results
edit| 1988 United States presidential election in Georgia | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Running mate | Votes | Percentage | Electoral votes | |
| Republican | George H. W. Bush | Dan Quayle | 1,081,331 | 59.75% | 12 | |
| Democratic | Michael Dukakis | Lloyd Bentsen | 714,792 | 39.50% | 0 | |
| Libertarian | Ron Paul | Andre Marrou | 8,435 | 0.47% | 0 | |
| New Alliance Party | Lenora Fulani | Joyce Dattner | 5,099 | 0.28% | 0 | |
| Write-Ins | — | — | 15[b] | >0.01% | 0 | |
| Totals | 1,809,672 | 100.0% | 12 | |||
Results by county
edit| County | George H.W. Bush Republican |
Michael Dukakis Democratic |
Ron Paul[18] Libertarian |
Leonora Fulani[18] New Alliance |
Margin | Total votes cast | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | ||
| Appling | 3,000 | 61.74% | 1,837 | 37.81% | 13 | 0.27% | 9 | 0.19% | 1,163 | 23.93% | 4,859 |
| Atkinson | 1,126 | 55.60% | 887 | 43.80% | 5 | 0.25% | 7 | 0.35% | 239 | 11.80% | 2,025 |
| Bacon | 1,407 | 64.13% | 780 | 35.55% | 5 | 0.23% | 2 | 0.09% | 627 | 28.58% | 2,194 |
| Baker | 629 | 46.66% | 707 | 52.45% | 10 | 0.74% | 2 | 0.15% | -78 | -5.79% | 1,348 |
| Baldwin | 5,852 | 59.05% | 4,008 | 40.44% | 26 | 0.26% | 25 | 0.25% | 1,844 | 18.61% | 9,911 |
| Banks | 1,590 | 61.58% | 984 | 38.11% | 3 | 0.12% | 5 | 0.19% | 606 | 23.47% | 2,582 |
| Barrow | 4,738 | 65.64% | 2,442 | 33.83% | 32 | 0.44% | 6 | 0.08% | 2,296 | 31.81% | 7,218 |
| Bartow | 8,039 | 61.63% | 4,884 | 37.44% | 113 | 0.87% | 8 | 0.06% | 3,155 | 24.19% | 13,044 |
| Ben Hill | 2,005 | 51.17% | 1,867 | 47.65% | 32 | 0.82% | 14 | 0.36% | 138 | 3.52% | 3,918 |
| Berrien | 2,030 | 59.36% | 1,381 | 40.38% | 7 | 0.20% | 2 | 0.06% | 649 | 18.98% | 3,420 |
| Bibb | 22,179 | 49.96% | 22,084 | 49.74% | 78 | 0.18% | 55 | 0.12% | 95 | 0.22% | 44,396 |
| Bleckley | 1,950 | 62.14% | 1,175 | 37.44% | 9 | 0.29% | 4 | 0.13% | 775 | 24.70% | 3,138 |
| Brantley | 1,539 | 51.18% | 1,450 | 48.22% | 10 | 0.33% | 8 | 0.27% | 89 | 2.96% | 3,007 |
| Brooks | 2,136 | 58.54% | 1,500 | 41.11% | 6 | 0.16% | 7 | 0.19% | 636 | 17.43% | 3,649 |
| Bryan | 2,802 | 66.16% | 1,423 | 33.60% | 5 | 0.12% | 5 | 0.12% | 1,379 | 32.56% | 4,235 |
| Bulloch | 6,354 | 64.88% | 3,417 | 34.89% | 19 | 0.19% | 4 | 0.04% | 2,937 | 29.99% | 9,794 |
| Burke | 2,988 | 50.89% | 2,861 | 48.72% | 10 | 0.17% | 13 | 0.22% | 127 | 2.17% | 5,872 |
| Butts | 2,184 | 55.66% | 1,730 | 44.09% | 4 | 0.10% | 6 | 0.15% | 454 | 11.57% | 3,924 |
| Calhoun | 644 | 41.52% | 901 | 58.09% | 6 | 0.39% | 0 | 0.00% | -257 | -16.57% | 1,551 |
| Camden | 2,913 | 57.68% | 2,090 | 41.39% | 35 | 0.69% | 12 | 0.24% | 823 | 16.29% | 5,050 |
| Candler | 1,261 | 58.82% | 877 | 40.90% | 4 | 0.19% | 2 | 0.09% | 384 | 17.92% | 2,144 |
| Carroll | 10,754 | 69.20% | 4,706 | 30.28% | 49 | 0.32% | 32 | 0.21% | 6,048 | 38.92% | 15,541 |
| Catoosa | 9,319 | 72.02% | 3,588 | 27.73% | 21 | 0.16% | 12 | 0.09% | 5,731 | 44.29% | 12,940 |
| Charlton | 1,327 | 57.60% | 943 | 40.93% | 18 | 0.78% | 16 | 0.69% | 384 | 16.67% | 2,304 |
| Chatham | 35,623 | 58.12% | 25,063 | 40.89% | 336 | 0.55% | 267 | 0.44% | 10,560 | 17.23% | 61,289 |
| Chattahoochee | 454 | 55.57% | 362 | 44.31% | 1 | 0.12% | 0 | 0.00% | 92 | 11.26% | 817 |
| Chattooga | 3,665 | 62.17% | 2,206 | 37.42% | 22 | 0.37% | 2 | 0.03% | 1,459 | 24.75% | 5,895 |
| Cherokee | 14,593 | 76.45% | 4,378 | 22.94% | 101 | 0.53% | 16 | 0.08% | 10,215 | 53.51% | 19,088 |
| Clarke | 11,150 | 49.66% | 11,154 | 49.68% | 109 | 0.49% | 39 | 0.17% | -4 | -0.02% | 22,452 |
| Clay | 398 | 40.04% | 595 | 59.86% | 1 | 0.10% | 0 | 0.00% | -197 | -19.82% | 994 |
| Clayton | 28,225 | 65.43% | 14,689 | 34.05% | 167 | 0.39% | 56 | 0.13% | 13,536 | 31.38% | 43,137 |
| Clinch | 863 | 58.91% | 863 | 40.55% | 4 | 0.27% | 4 | 0.27% | 269 | 18.36% | 1,465 |
| Cobb | 106,621 | 72.70% | 39,297 | 26.79% | 607 | 0.41% | 133 | 0.09% | 67,324 | 45.91% | 146,658 |
| Coffee | 4,019 | 58.91% | 2,777 | 40.71% | 20 | 0.29% | 6 | 0.09% | 1,242 | 18.20% | 6,822 |
| Colquitt | 5,653 | 65.04% | 2,998 | 34.50% | 24 | 0.28% | 16 | 0.18% | 2,655 | 30.54% | 8,691 |
| Columbia | 16,401 | 77.75% | 4,617 | 21.89% | 56 | 0.27% | 20 | 0.09% | 11,784 | 55.86% | 21,094 |
| Cook | 1,555 | 55.69% | 1,226 | 43.91% | 4 | 0.14% | 7 | 0.25% | 329 | 11.78% | 2,792 |
| Coweta | 9,668 | 69.41% | 4,212 | 30.24% | 33 | 0.24% | 16 | 0.11% | 5,456 | 39.17% | 13,929 |
| Crawford | 1,235 | 47.55% | 1,340 | 51.60% | 14 | 0.54% | 8 | 0.31% | -105 | -4.05% | 2,597 |
| Crisp | 2,916 | 62.94% | 1,690 | 36.48% | 15 | 0.32% | 12 | 0.26% | 1,226 | 26.46% | 4,633 |
| Dade | 2,539 | 69.16% | 1,120 | 30.51% | 6 | 0.16% | 6 | 0.16% | 1,419 | 38.65% | 3,671 |
| Dawson | 1,908 | 71.03% | 761 | 28.33% | 16 | 0.60% | 1 | 0.04% | 1,147 | 42.70% | 2,686 |
| Decatur | 3,866 | 61.95% | 2,348 | 37.62% | 9 | 0.14% | 18 | 0.29% | 1,518 | 24.33% | 6,241 |
| DeKalb | 90,179 | 48.94% | 92,521 | 50.21% | 945 | 0.51% | 605 | 0.33% | -2,342 | -1.27% | 184,250 |
| Dodge | 2,677 | 54.95% | 2,164 | 44.42% | 15 | 0.31% | 16 | 0.33% | 513 | 10.53% | 4,872 |
| Dooly | 1,386 | 45.88% | 1,613 | 53.39% | 18 | 0.60% | 4 | 0.13% | -227 | -7.51% | 3,021 |
| Dougherty | 15,520 | 50.86% | 12,579 | 41.22% | 1,415 | 4.64% | 1,003 | 3.29% | 2,941 | 9.64% | 30,517 |
| Douglas | 13,493 | 72.24% | 5,086 | 27.23% | 77 | 0.41% | 22 | 0.12% | 8,407 | 45.01% | 18,678 |
| Early | 1,918 | 58.46% | 1,359 | 41.42% | 2 | 0.06% | 2 | 0.06% | 559 | 17.04% | 3,281 |
| Echols | 422 | 62.99% | 245 | 36.57% | 2 | 0.30% | 1 | 0.15% | 177 | 26.42% | 670 |
| Effingham | 3,933 | 67.13% | 1,905 | 32.51% | 14 | 0.24% | 7 | 0.12% | 2,028 | 34.62% | 5,859 |
| Elbert | 2,796 | 56.77% | 2,118 | 43.01% | 11 | 0.22% | 0 | 0.00% | 678 | 13.76% | 4,925 |
| Emanuel | 3,530 | 58.95% | 2,387 | 39.86% | 54 | 0.90% | 17 | 0.28% | 1,143 | 19.09% | 5,988 |
| Evans | 1,707 | 62.01% | 1,023 | 37.16% | 14 | 0.51% | 9 | 0.33% | 684 | 24.85% | 2,753 |
| Fannin | 4,271 | 66.45% | 2,123 | 33.03% | 27 | 0.42% | 6 | 0.09% | 2,148 | 33.42% | 6,427 |
| Fayette | 16,443 | 77.84% | 4,593 | 21.74% | 73 | 0.35% | 14 | 0.07% | 11,850 | 56.10% | 21,123 |
| Floyd | 14,697 | 62.85% | 8,548 | 36.55% | 111 | 0.47% | 30 | 0.13% | 6,149 | 26.30% | 23,386 |
| Forsyth | 7,947 | 76.83% | 2,347 | 22.69% | 42 | 0.41% | 8 | 0.08% | 5,600 | 54.14% | 10,344 |
| Franklin | 2,615 | 58.57% | 1,842 | 41.25% | 6 | 0.13% | 2 | 0.04% | 773 | 17.32% | 4,465 |
| Fulton | 91,785 | 42.75% | 120,752 | 56.25% | 906 | 0.42% | 1,246 | 0.58% | -28,967 | -13.50% | 214,689 |
| Gilmer | 3,353 | 70.65% | 1,363 | 28.72% | 24 | 0.51% | 6 | 0.13% | 1,990 | 41.93% | 4,746 |
| Glascock | 580 | 73.42% | 210 | 26.58% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 370 | 46.84% | 790 |
| Glynn | 11,126 | 63.18% | 6,339 | 35.99% | 78 | 0.44% | 68 | 0.39% | 4,787 | 27.19% | 17,611 |
| Gordon | 6,051 | 71.65% | 2,369 | 28.05% | 18 | 0.21% | 7 | 0.08% | 3,682 | 43.60% | 8,445 |
| Grady | 2,989 | 61.10% | 1,883 | 38.49% | 10 | 0.20% | 10 | 0.20% | 1,106 | 22.61% | 4,892 |
| Greene | 1,432 | 43.93% | 1,818 | 55.77% | 9 | 0.28% | 1 | 0.03% | -386 | -11.84% | 3,260 |
| Gwinnett | 66,372 | 75.47% | 20,948 | 23.82% | 523 | 0.59% | 97 | 0.11% | 45,424 | 51.65% | 87,940 |
| Habersham | 4,871 | 69.45% | 2,114 | 30.14% | 22 | 0.31% | 7 | 0.10% | 2,757 | 39.31% | 7,014 |
| Hall | 17,415 | 68.71% | 7,782 | 30.71% | 110 | 0.43% | 37 | 0.15% | 9,633 | 38.00% | 25,344 |
| Hancock | 621 | 23.99% | 1,947 | 75.20% | 11 | 0.42% | 10 | 0.39% | -1,326 | -51.21% | 2,589 |
| Haralson | 4,529 | 65.17% | 2,404 | 34.59% | 15 | 0.22% | 2 | 0.03% | 2,125 | 30.58% | 6,950 |
| Harris | 3,414 | 63.94% | 1,905 | 35.68% | 17 | 0.32% | 3 | 0.06% | 1,509 | 28.26% | 5,339 |
| Hart | 3,044 | 54.88% | 2,476 | 44.64% | 20 | 0.36% | 7 | 0.13% | 568 | 10.24% | 5,547 |
| Heard | 1,551 | 63.77% | 874 | 35.94% | 3 | 0.12% | 4 | 0.16% | 677 | 27.83% | 2,432 |
| Henry | 10,882 | 71.11% | 4,348 | 28.41% | 57 | 0.37% | 17 | 0.11% | 6,534 | 42.70% | 15,304 |
| Houston | 15,748 | 64.02% | 8,664 | 35.22% | 106 | 0.43% | 79 | 0.32% | 7,084 | 28.80% | 24,597 |
| Irwin | 1,226 | 57.00% | 918 | 42.68% | 4 | 0.19% | 3 | 0.14% | 308 | 14.32% | 2,151 |
| Jackson | 4,407 | 62.56% | 2,607 | 37.00% | 17 | 0.24% | 14 | 0.20% | 1,800 | 25.56% | 7,045 |
| Jasper | 1,474 | 55.08% | 1,188 | 44.39% | 10 | 0.37% | 4 | 0.15% | 286 | 10.69% | 2,676 |
| Jeff Davis | 2,050 | 62.03% | 1,242 | 37.58% | 7 | 0.21% | 6 | 0.18% | 808 | 24.45% | 3,305 |
| Jefferson | 2,788 | 54.13% | 2,346 | 45.54% | 10 | 0.19% | 7 | 0.14% | 442 | 8.59% | 5,151 |
| Jenkins | 1,288 | 57.30% | 953 | 42.39% | 7 | 0.31% | 0 | 0.00% | 335 | 14.91% | 2,248 |
| Johnson | 1,567 | 62.83% | 927 | 37.17% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 640 | 25.66% | 2,494 |
| Jones | 3,618 | 57.41% | 2,662 | 42.24% | 11 | 0.17% | 11 | 0.17% | 956 | 15.17% | 6,302 |
| Lamar | 2,035 | 57.83% | 1,416 | 40.24% | 53 | 1.51% | 15 | 0.43% | 619 | 17.59% | 3,519 |
| Lanier | 725 | 50.81% | 698 | 48.91% | 1 | 0.07% | 3 | 0.21% | 27 | 1.90% | 1,427 |
| Laurens | 6,929 | 57.89% | 4,879 | 40.76% | 133 | 1.11% | 29 | 0.24% | 2,050 | 17.13% | 11,970 |
| Lee | 2,875 | 74.04% | 995 | 25.62% | 10 | 0.26% | 3 | 0.08% | 1,880 | 48.42% | 3,883 |
| Liberty | 3,100 | 51.24% | 2,906 | 48.03% | 32 | 0.53% | 12 | 0.20% | 194 | 3.21% | 6,050 |
| Lincoln | 1,417 | 60.97% | 893 | 38.43% | 8 | 0.34% | 6 | 0.26% | 524 | 22.54% | 2,324 |
| Long | 858 | 55.32% | 681 | 43.91% | 4 | 0.26% | 8 | 0.52% | 177 | 11.41% | 1,551 |
| Lowndes | 10,855 | 62.63% | 6,427 | 37.08% | 35 | 0.20% | 16 | 0.09% | 4,428 | 25.55% | 17,333 |
| Lumpkin | 2,688 | 67.20% | 1,286 | 32.15% | 19 | 0.48% | 7 | 0.18% | 1,402 | 35.05% | 4,000 |
| Macon | 1,412 | 38.19% | 2,268 | 61.35% | 7 | 0.19% | 10 | 0.27% | -856 | -23.16% | 3,697 |
| Madison | 3,724 | 69.10% | 1,639 | 30.41% | 15 | 0.28% | 11 | 0.20% | 2,085 | 38.69% | 5,389 |
| Marion | 804 | 48.67% | 844 | 51.09% | 2 | 0.12% | 2 | 0.12% | -40 | -2.42% | 1,652 |
| McDuffie | 3,231 | 65.04% | 1,704 | 34.30% | 12 | 0.24% | 21 | 0.42% | 1,527 | 30.74% | 4,968 |
| McIntosh | 1,273 | 45.08% | 1,527 | 54.07% | 13 | 0.46% | 11 | 0.39% | -254 | -8.99% | 2,824 |
| Meriwether | 3,101 | 51.31% | 2,934 | 48.54% | 9 | 0.15% | 0 | 0.00% | 167 | 2.77% | 6,044 |
| Miller | 1,105 | 68.00% | 515 | 31.69% | 2 | 0.12% | 3 | 0.18% | 590 | 36.31% | 1,625 |
| Mitchell | 2,590 | 53.29% | 2,260 | 46.50% | 5 | 0.10% | 5 | 0.10% | 330 | 6.79% | 4,860 |
| Monroe | 2,570 | 56.38% | 1,970 | 43.22% | 11 | 0.24% | 7 | 0.15% | 600 | 13.16% | 4,558 |
| Montgomery | 1,228 | 57.49% | 903 | 42.28% | 5 | 0.23% | 0 | 0.00% | 325 | 15.21% | 2,136 |
| Morgan | 2,108 | 58.10% | 1,508 | 41.57% | 12 | 0.33% | 0 | 0.00% | 600 | 16.53% | 3,628 |
| Murray | 3,996 | 70.11% | 1,679 | 29.46% | 16 | 0.28% | 9 | 0.16% | 2,317 | 40.65% | 5,700 |
| Muscogee | 23,058 | 54.90% | 18,772 | 44.70% | 112 | 0.27% | 58 | 0.14% | 4,286 | 10.20% | 42,000 |
| Newton | 5,809 | 64.77% | 3,111 | 34.69% | 35 | 0.39% | 14 | 0.16% | 2,698 | 30.08% | 8,969 |
| Oconee | 4,265 | 67.89% | 1,990 | 31.68% | 26 | 0.41% | 1 | 0.02% | 2,275 | 36.21% | 6,282 |
| Oglethorpe | 1,951 | 62.61% | 1,154 | 37.03% | 7 | 0.22% | 4 | 0.13% | 797 | 25.58% | 3,116 |
| Paulding | 7,329 | 72.63% | 2,717 | 26.92% | 36 | 0.36% | 9 | 0.09% | 4,612 | 45.71% | 10,091 |
| Peach | 2,782 | 48.00% | 2,972 | 51.28% | 20 | 0.35% | 22 | 0.38% | -190 | -3.28% | 5,796 |
| Pickens | 3,021 | 67.52% | 1,430 | 31.96% | 14 | 0.31% | 9 | 0.20% | 1,591 | 35.56% | 4,474 |
| Pierce | 1,947 | 55.49% | 1,558 | 44.40% | 1 | 0.03% | 3 | 0.09% | 389 | 11.09% | 3,509 |
| Pike | 2,074 | 63.35% | 1,176 | 35.92% | 23 | 0.70% | 1 | 0.03% | 898 | 27.43% | 3,274 |
| Polk | 5,454 | 64.46% | 2,977 | 35.18% | 23 | 0.27% | 7 | 0.08% | 2,477 | 29.28% | 8,461 |
| Pulaski | 1,400 | 48.48% | 1,476 | 51.11% | 7 | 0.24% | 5 | 0.17% | -76 | -2.63% | 2,888 |
| Putnam | 2,111 | 57.74% | 1,532 | 41.90% | 7 | 0.19% | 6 | 0.16% | 579 | 15.84% | 3,656 |
| Quitman | 296 | 40.11% | 436 | 59.08% | 4 | 0.54% | 2 | 0.27% | -140 | -18.97% | 738 |
| Rabun | 2,278 | 63.14% | 1,301 | 36.06% | 16 | 0.44% | 13 | 0.36% | 977 | 27.08% | 3,608 |
| Randolph | 1,319 | 48.94% | 1,369 | 50.80% | 4 | 0.15% | 3 | 0.11% | -50 | -1.86% | 2,695 |
| Richmond | 27,566 | 57.12% | 20,489 | 42.46% | 118 | 0.24% | 85 | 0.18% | 7,077 | 14.66% | 48,258 |
| Rockdale | 12,413 | 73.77% | 4,330 | 25.73% | 65 | 0.39% | 18 | 0.11% | 8,083 | 48.04% | 16,826 |
| Schley | 635 | 58.91% | 439 | 40.72% | 3 | 0.28% | 1 | 0.09% | 196 | 18.19% | 1,078 |
| Screven | 2,178 | 59.52% | 1,461 | 39.93% | 12 | 0.33% | 8 | 0.22% | 717 | 19.59% | 3,659 |
| Seminole | 1,469 | 55.54% | 1,171 | 44.27% | 2 | 0.08% | 3 | 0.11% | 298 | 11.27% | 2,645 |
| Spalding | 7,730 | 63.68% | 4,318 | 35.57% | 57 | 0.47% | 33 | 0.27% | 3,412 | 28.11% | 12,138 |
| Stephens | 4,329 | 66.09% | 2,185 | 33.36% | 27 | 0.41% | 9 | 0.14% | 2,144 | 32.73% | 6,550 |
| Stewart | 832 | 42.17% | 1,136 | 57.58% | 3 | 0.15% | 2 | 0.10% | -304 | -15.41% | 1,973 |
| Sumter | 4,289 | 55.93% | 3,332 | 43.45% | 23 | 0.30% | 24 | 0.31% | 957 | 12.48% | 7,668 |
| Talbot | 802 | 38.93% | 1,248 | 60.58% | 6 | 0.29% | 4 | 0.19% | -446 | -21.65% | 2,060 |
| Taliaferro | 306 | 39.38% | 469 | 60.36% | 1 | 0.13% | 1 | 0.13% | -163 | -20.98% | 777 |
| Tattnall | 3,172 | 65.03% | 1,694 | 34.73% | 8 | 0.16% | 4 | 0.08% | 1,478 | 30.30% | 4,878 |
| Taylor | 1,145 | 50.13% | 1,134 | 49.65% | 3 | 0.13% | 2 | 0.09% | 11 | 0.48% | 2,284 |
| Telfair | 1,805 | 50.21% | 1,765 | 49.10% | 13 | 0.36% | 12 | 0.33% | 40 | 1.11% | 3,595 |
| Terrell | 1,517 | 52.22% | 1,383 | 47.61% | 2 | 0.07% | 3 | 0.10% | 134 | 4.61% | 2,905 |
| Thomas | 6,572 | 64.78% | 3,530 | 34.80% | 24 | 0.24% | 19 | 0.19% | 3,042 | 29.98% | 10,145 |
| Tift | 4,760 | 65.80% | 2,446 | 33.81% | 16 | 0.22% | 12 | 0.17% | 2,314 | 31.99% | 7,234 |
| Toombs | 4,433 | 78.89% | 1,152 | 20.50% | 25 | 0.44% | 9 | 0.16% | 3,281 | 58.39% | 5,619 |
| Towns | 1,783 | 65.12% | 942 | 34.40% | 11 | 0.40% | 2 | 0.07% | 841 | 30.72% | 2,738 |
| Treutlen | 970 | 57.19% | 726 | 42.81% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 244 | 14.38% | 1,696 |
| Troup | 9,484 | 67.31% | 4,562 | 32.38% | 36 | 0.26% | 7 | 0.05% | 4,922 | 34.93% | 14,089 |
| Turner | 1,312 | 50.52% | 1,122 | 43.20% | 90 | 3.47% | 73 | 2.81% | 190 | 7.32% | 2,597 |
| Twiggs | 1,261 | 41.96% | 1,730 | 57.57% | 9 | 0.30% | 5 | 0.17% | -469 | -15.61% | 3,005 |
| Union | 2,396 | 65.39% | 1,258 | 34.33% | 10 | 0.27% | 0 | 0.00% | 1,138 | 31.06% | 3,664 |
| Upson | 4,614 | 63.05% | 2,666 | 36.43% | 26 | 0.36% | 12 | 0.16% | 1,948 | 26.62% | 7,318 |
| Walker | 10,487 | 68.63% | 4,753 | 31.11% | 31 | 0.20% | 9 | 0.06% | 5,734 | 37.52% | 15,280 |
| Walton | 5,974 | 65.56% | 3,091 | 33.92% | 31 | 0.34% | 16 | 0.18% | 2,883 | 31.64% | 9,112 |
| Ware | 4,819 | 52.59% | 4,292 | 46.84% | 26 | 0.28% | 26 | 0.28% | 527 | 5.75% | 9,163 |
| Warren | 897 | 44.78% | 1,091 | 54.47% | 6 | 0.30% | 9 | 0.45% | -194 | -9.69% | 2,003 |
| Washington | 2,752 | 51.12% | 2,615 | 48.58% | 5 | 0.09% | 11 | 0.20% | 137 | 2.54% | 5,383 |
| Wayne | 3,340 | 57.93% | 2,417 | 41.92% | 8 | 0.14% | 1 | 0.02% | 923 | 16.01% | 5,766 |
| Webster | 361 | 45.70% | 427 | 54.05% | 2 | 0.25% | 0 | 0.00% | -66 | -8.35% | 790 |
| Wheeler | 709 | 51.64% | 658 | 47.92% | 4 | 0.29% | 2 | 0.15% | 51 | 3.72% | 1,373 |
| White | 2,648 | 71.65% | 1,028 | 27.81% | 19 | 0.51% | 1 | 0.03% | 1,620 | 43.84% | 3,696 |
| Whitfield | 12,761 | 73.12% | 4,618 | 26.46% | 40 | 0.23% | 32 | 0.18% | 8,143 | 46.66% | 17,451 |
| Wilcox | 1,235 | 53.26% | 1,079 | 46.53% | 5 | 0.22% | 0 | 0.00% | 156 | 6.73% | 2,319 |
| Wilkes | 1,810 | 53.71% | 1,549 | 45.96% | 8 | 0.24% | 3 | 0.09% | 261 | 7.75% | 3,370 |
| Wilkinson | 1,546 | 45.30% | 1,831 | 53.65% | 25 | 0.73% | 11 | 0.32% | -285 | -8.35% | 3,413 |
| Worth | 2,668 | 66.55% | 1,311 | 32.70% | 20 | 0.50% | 10 | 0.25% | 1,357 | 33.85% | 4,009 |
| Totals | 1,081,331 | 59.75% | 714,792 | 39.50% | 8,435 | 0.47% | 5,099 | 0.28% | 366,539 | 20.25% | 1,809,672 |
Counties that flipped from Republican to Democratic
editCounties that flipped from Democratic to Republican
editSee also
edit- Presidency of George H. W. Bush
- 1988 Democratic National Convention - held in Atlanta, GA
Notes
edit- ^ These seven counties that voted for Mondale in 1984 and Bush in 1988 were Lincoln County and Hardeman County, Tennessee – in both of which Bush was only the second-ever GOP winner after Richard Nixon in 1972 – Strom Thurmond’s home county of Edgefield, South Carolina, and the four Georgia counties of Bibb, Taylor, Telfair and Mitchell.
- ^ These write-in votes were not separated by county but given only as a state-wide total.[18]
References
edit- ^ Menendez, Albert J.; The Geography of Presidential Elections in the United States, 1868-2004, p. 111 ISBN 0786422173
- ^ Sullivan, Robert David; ‘How the Red and Blue Map Evolved Over the Past Century’; America Magazine in The National Catholic Review; June 29, 2016
- ^ Moreland, Steed & Baker 1991, p. 23.
- ^ Black & Black 2002, p. 125.
- ^ Moreland, Steed & Baker 1991, p. 58.
- ^ a b Moreland, Steed & Baker 1991, p. 69.
- ^ Black & Black 1992, p. 266.
- ^ Black & Black 1992, p. 263.
- ^ a b "Georgia Secretary of State - Results of the March 8, 1988 Preference Primary" (PDF). Georgia Secretary of State. Retrieved July 24, 2024.
- ^ Black & Black 1992, p. 288.
- ^ Moreland, Steed & Baker 1991, p. 59-60.
- ^ Moreland, Steed & Baker 1991, p. 60.
- ^ Moreland, Steed & Baker 1991, p. 63.
- ^ Moreland, Steed & Baker 1991, p. 65.
- ^ Moreland, Steed & Baker 1991, p. 67.
- ^ Black & Black 1992, p. 295.
- ^ Black & Black 1992, p. 335.
- ^ a b c "GA US President Race, November 08, 1988". Our Campaigns.
- ^ "1984 Presidential General Election Results - Georgia". Dave Leip's election atlas.
- ^ "1988 Presidential General Election Results - Georgia". Dave Leip's election atlas.
Works cited
edit- Black, Earl; Black, Merle (2002). The Rise of Southern Republicans. Harvard University Press. ISBN 067400728X.
- Black, Earl; Black, Merle (1992). The Vital South: How Presidents Are Elected. Harvard University Press. ISBN 0674941306.
- Moreland, Laurence; Steed, Robert; Baker, Tod, eds. (1991). The 1988 Presidential Election in the South: Continuity Amidst Change in Southern Party Politics. Praeger Publishers. ISBN 0275931455.