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1894 United States House of Representatives elections

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The 1894 United States House of Representatives elections were held from June 4, 1894, to November 6, 1894, with special elections throughout the year. Elections were held to elect representatives from all 356 congressional districts across each of the 44 U.S. states at the time, as well as non-voting delegates from the inhabited U.S. territories. The winners of this election served in the 54th Congress, with seats apportioned among the states based on the 1890 United States census.

1894 United States House of Representatives elections
← 1892 June 4, 1894[a] – November 6, 1894[b] 1896 →
All 356 seats in the United States House of Representatives[c]
179 seats needed for a majority
  Majority party Minority party
 
Leader Thomas Brackett Reed Charles Frederick Crisp
Party Republican Democratic
Leader's seat Maine 1st Georgia 3rd
Last election 124 seats 218 seats
Seats before 143 seats[d] 198 seats[g]
Seats won 253[e][f] 93[e][f]
Seat change Increase 110 Decrease 105
Popular vote 5,442,266 4,252,292
Percentage 48.27% 37.72%
Swing Increase 7.45% Decrease 9.66%
  Third party Fourth party
 
Party Populist Silver
Last election 11 seats 1 seat
Seats before 13 seats 1 seat
Seats won 9[e][f] 1[e]
Seat change Decrease 4 Steady
Popular vote 1,242,242 4,581
Percentage 11.02% 0.04%
Swing Increase 2.73% Decrease 0.02%
  Fifth party
 
Party Independent
Last election 2 seats
Seats before 2 seats
Seats won 0
Seat change Decrease 2
Popular vote 82,148
Percentage 0.73%
Swing Decrease 0.08%
Results:
     Democratic gain      Republican gain
     Democratic hold      Republican hold
     Populist gain      Populist hold
     Silver hold
Speaker before election

Charles Crisp
Democratic

Elected Speaker

Thomas Reed
Republican

The elections comprised a significant political realignment, with a major Republican landslide that set the stage for the decisive election of 1896. The 1894 elections came in the middle of Democratic President Grover Cleveland's second term. The nation was in its deepest economic depression yet following the Panic of 1893, which pushed economic issues to the forefront. In the spring, a major coal strike damaged the economy of the Midwest and Mid-Atlantic. It was accompanied by violence; the miners lost and many joined the Populist Party. Immediately after the coal strike concluded, Eugene V. Debs led a nationwide railroad strike. It shut down the nation's transportation system west of Detroit for weeks, until President Cleveland's use of federal troops ended the strike. Debs went to prison for disobeying a court order. Illinois Governor John Peter Altgeld, a Democrat, broke bitterly with Cleveland.

The fragmented and disoriented Democratic Party was crushed everywhere outside of the South, losing more than 55% of its seats to the Republican Party. The Democrats did so poorly that even in the South, they lost seats to the Republican-Populist electoral fusion in Alabama, North Carolina, Tennessee, Kentucky, and Texas.[2][3] The Democrats ultimately lost 127 seats in this election, with the Republicans gaining 130 seats after the resolution of several contested elections.

The Democratic Party failed to win one seat in twenty-four states and only won one seat in six states. Prominent Democrats in the house including Richard P. Bland, William S. Holman, William M. Springer, and William L. Wilson were defeated in the election.[4] To date, the 1894 election represents the largest seat swing in a single election in the history of the House of Representatives; the only other occasion where a political party has suffered triple-digit losses was in 1932.

The main issues revolved around the severe economic depression, which the Republicans blamed on the conservative Bourbon Democrats led by Cleveland. Cleveland supporters lost heavily, weakening their hold on the party and setting the stage for an 1896 takeover by the free silver wing of the party. The Populist Party ran candidates in the South and Midwest, but generally lost ground outside of the South. The Democrats tried to raise a religious issue, claiming the GOP was in cahoots with the anti-Catholic American Protective Association; the allegations seem to have fallen flat as Catholics swung towards the GOP.[5]

Election summaries

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↓
93 10 254
Democratic [h] Republican
 
State Type Total
seats 		Democratic Populist Republican Silver
Seats Change Seats Change Seats Change Seats Change
Alabama District 9 5   4 2   2 2   2 0  
Arkansas District 6 6   0   0   0  
California District 7 1   2 0   1 6   3 0  
Colorado District 2 0   1   1 1   1 0  
Connecticut District 4 0   3 0   4   3 0  
Delaware At-large 1 0   1 0   1   1 0  
Florida District 2 2   0   0   0  
Georgia District 11 11   0   0   0  
Idaho At-large 1 0   0   1   0  
Illinois District 22 0   11 0   22   11 0  
Indiana District 13 0   11 0   13   11 0  
Iowa District 11 0   1 0   11   1 0  
Kansas District
at-large 		8 0   1   4 7   4 0  
Kentucky District 11 5   5 0   6   5 0  
Louisiana District 6 6   0   0   0  
Maine[i] District 4 0   0   4   0  
Maryland District 6 3   3 0   3   3 0  
Massachusetts District 13 1   3 0   12   3 0  
Michigan District 12 0   5 0   12   5 0  
Minnesota District 7 0   2 0   1 7   3 0  
Mississippi District 7 7   0   0   0  
Missouri District 15 4   9 0   11   9 0  
Montana At-large 1 0   0   1   0  
Nebraska District 6 0   1 1   1 5   2 0  
Nevada At-large 1 0   1 0   0   1   1
New Hampshire District 2 0   0   2   0  
New Jersey District 8 0   6 0   8   6 0  
New York District 34 4   16 0   30   16 0  
North Carolina District 9 2   6 4   4 3   2 0  
North Dakota At-large 1 0   0   1   0  
Ohio District 21 2   9 0   19   9 0  
Oregon[i] District 2 0   0   2   0  
Pennsylvania District
2 at-large 		30 2   8 0   28   8 0  
Rhode Island District 2 0   2 0   2   2 0  
South Carolina District 7 6   0   1   0  
South Dakota At-large 2 0   0   2   0  
Tennessee District 10 6   2 0   4   2 0  
Texas District 13 12   1 0   1   1 0  
Vermont[i] District 2 0   0   2   0  
Virginia District 10 8   2 0   2   2 0  
Washington At-large 2 0   0   2   0  
West Virginia District 4 0   4 0   4   4 0  
Wisconsin District 10 0   6 0   10   6 0  
Wyoming At-large 1 0   1 0   1   1 0  
Total[c] 356 93[e]
26.1% 		  107 9[e]
2.5% 		  4 253[e]
71.1% 		  110 1[e]
0.3% 		  1
Popular vote
Republican
 
 48.27%
Democratic
 
 37.72%
Populist
 
 11.02%
Silver
 
 0.04%
Independent
 
 0.73%
Others
 
 2.22%
House seats
Republican
 
 71.07%
Democratic
 
 26.12%
Populist
 
 2.53%
Silver
 
 0.28%
 
House seats by party holding plurality in state
  80 % Democratic
  
  80 % Republican
  60 to 80% Democratic
  
  60 to 80% Republican
  Up to 60% Democratic
  Up to 60% Populist
  Up to 60% Republican
 
Net gain in party representation
  6 Democratic gain
  
  6 Republican gain
  3 to 5 Democratic gain
  
  3 to 5 Republican gain
  1 to 2 Democratic gain
  1 to 2 Populist gain
  1 to 2 Republican gain
  no net change

Special elections

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15 special elections took place in 1894 leading up to and following the general election. They are listed below in order of election date then by state and district. Republicans flipped 3 seats in the special elections in New York's 14th, Kentucky's 9th, and Maryland's 5th congressional districts.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Virginia 7 Charles T. O'Ferrall Democratic 1884 (special) Incumbent resigned December 28, 1893 after being elected Governor of Virginia.
New member elected January 30, 1894.
Democratic hold.
Winner later re-elected in November; see below.
  • ▌ Y Smith S. Turner (Democratic) 65.09%
  • ▌E. D. Root (Republican) 34.59%
  • ▌Basil Gordon (unknown) 0.32%[6]
New York 14 John R. Fellows Democratic 1890 Incumbent resigned December 31, 1893 to become District Attorney of New York City.
New member elected January 30, 1894.
Republican gain.
Winner later re-elected in November; see below.
  • ▌ Y Lemuel E. Quigg (Republican) 49.62%
  • ▌William L. Brown (Democratic) 46.14%
  • ▌Daniel De Leon (Socialist Labor) 2.46%
  • ▌George Munro (Prohibition) 0.90%
  • ▌George A. Hunter (Populist) 0.88%[7]
Pennsylvania at-large William Lilly Republican 1892 Incumbent died December 1, 1893.
New member elected February 26, 1894.
Republican hold.
South Carolina 1 William H. Brawley Democratic 1890 Incumbent resigned February 12, 1894, to become judge for the United States District Court for the District of South Carolina.
New member elected April 12, 1894.
Democratic hold.
Maryland 1 Robert F. Brattan Democratic 1892 Incumbent died May 10, 1894.
New member elected November 6, 1894.
Democratic hold.
Ohio 3 George W. Houk Democratic 1890 Incumbent died February 9, 1894.
New member elected May 21, 1894.
Democratic hold.
Wisconsin 7 George B. Shaw Republican 1892 Incumbent died August 27, 1894.
New member elected November 6, 1894.
Republican hold.[8]
  • ▌ Y Michael Griffin (Republican) 57.8%
  • ▌George W. Levis (Democratic) 32.5%
  • ▌Clement H. Van Worner (Populist) 5.3%
  • ▌Edward Berg (Prohibition) 4.1%
  • ▌William F. Button (Independent) 0.4%
Alabama 3 William C. Oates Democratic 1880 Incumbent resigned November 5, 1894, after being elected Governor of Alabama.
New member elected November 6, 1894.
Democratic hold.
Kentucky 9 Thomas H. Paynter Democratic 1888 Incumbent resigned January 5, 1895, having been elected to the Kentucky Court of Appeals.
New member elected November 6, 1894 and seated March 4, 1895.
Republican gain.
Maryland 5 Barnes Compton Democratic 1884
1890 (lost contest)
1890 		Incumbent resigned May 15, 1894, to become a naval officer.
New member elected November 6, 1894.
Republican gain.
Arkansas 2 Clifton R. Breckinridge Democratic 1882 Incumbent resigned August 14, 1894, to become U.S. Minister to Russia.
New member elected December 3, 1894.
Democratic hold.
Kentucky 10 Marcus C. Lisle Democratic 1892 Incumbent died July 7, 1894.
New member elected December 3, 1894.
Democratic hold.
Louisiana 4 Newton C. Blanchard Democratic 1880 Incumbent resigned March 12, 1894, to become a U.S. Senator.
New member elected December 3, 1894.
Democratic hold.
Ohio 2 John A. Caldwell Republican 1888 Incumbent resigned April 4, 1894, to become Mayor of Cincinnati.
New member elected December 3, 1894.
Republican hold.
New York 15 Ashbel P. Fitch Democratic 1886 Incumbent resigned December 26, 1893, to become New York City Comptroller.
New member elected December 30, 1894.
Democratic hold.

Early election dates

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In 1894, three states, with 8 seats among them, held elections early:

Alabama

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See also: List of United States representatives from Alabama

Arkansas

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See also: List of United States representatives from Arkansas

California

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Main article: 1894 United States House of Representatives elections in California
See also: List of United States representatives from California
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
California 1 Thomas J. Geary Democratic 1890 Incumbent lost re-election.
Republican gain.
California 2 Anthony Caminetti Democratic 1890 Incumbent lost re-election.
Republican gain.
California 3 Warren B. English Democratic 1892 (contested) Incumbent lost re-election.
Republican gain.
California 4 James G. Maguire Democratic 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
California 5 Eugene F. Loud Republican 1890 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y Eugene F. Loud (Republican) 36.8%
  • ▌Joseph P. Kelly (Democratic) 23.0%
  • ▌James T. Rogers (Populist) 21.5%
  • ▌James Denman (Prohibition) 18.7%
California 6 Marion Cannon Populist 1892 Incumbent retired.
Republican gain.
California 7 William W. Bowers Republican 1890 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y William W. Bowers (Republican) 42.9%
  • ▌W. H. Alford (Democratic) 28.2%
  • ▌J. L. Gilbert (Populist) 25.0%
  • ▌W. H. Somers (Prohibition) 3.9%

Colorado

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See also: List of United States representatives from Colorado

Connecticut

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See also: List of United States representatives from Connecticut
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[9]
Connecticut 1 Lewis Sperry Democratic 1890 Incumbent lost re-election.
Republican gain.
Connecticut 2 James P. Pigott Democratic 1892 Incumbent lost re-election.
Republican gain.
Connecticut 3 Charles A. Russell Republican 1886 Incumbent re-elected.
Connecticut 4 Robert E. De Forest Democratic 1890 Incumbent lost re-election.
Republican gain.

Delaware

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See also: List of United States representatives from Delaware
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Delaware at-large John W. Causey Democratic 1892 Incumbent retired.
Republican gain.

Florida

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Main article: 1894 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida
See also: List of United States representatives from Florida
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Florida 1 Stephen R. Mallory Democratic 1890 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
Florida 2 Charles Merian Cooper Democratic 1892 Incumbent re-elected.

Georgia

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See also: List of United States representatives from Georgia

Idaho

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See also: List of United States representatives from Idaho
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Idaho at-large Willis Sweet Republican 1890 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
  • ▌ Y Edgar Wilson (Republican) 43.38%
  • ▌James Gunn (Populist) 31.53%
  • ▌James M. Ballatine (Democratic) 24.37%
  • ▌William J. Boone (Prohibition) 0.72%[11]

Illinois

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See also: List of United States representatives from Illinois

Indiana

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See also: List of United States representatives from Indiana

Iowa

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See also: List of United States representatives from Iowa

Kansas

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See also: List of United States representatives from Kansas

Kentucky

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See also: List of United States representatives from Kentucky

Louisiana

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See also: List of United States representatives from Louisiana

Maine

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See also: List of United States representatives from Maine
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Maine 1 Thomas B. Reed Republican 1876 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y Thomas B. Reed (Republican) 63.53%
  • ▌John Deering (Democratic) 33.10%
  • ▌Linus Seely (Prohibition) 2.20%
  • ▌James E. Campion (Populist) 1.17%
Maine 2 Nelson Dingley Jr. Republican 1881 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
Maine 3 Seth L. Milliken Republican 1882 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y Seth L. Milliken (Republican) 64.78%
  • ▌Moses R. Leighton (Democratic) 25.55%
  • ▌George C. Sheldon (Populist) 7.62%
  • ▌William S. Thompson (Prohibition) 2.05%
Maine 4 Charles A. Boutelle Republican 1882 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y Charles A. Boutelle (Republican) 65.46%
  • ▌Al L. Simpson (Democratic) 25.90%
  • ▌Oliver D. Chapman (Populist) 4.98%
  • ▌Charles W. Johnston (Prohibition) 3.66%

Maryland

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See also: List of United States representatives from Maryland

Massachusetts

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See also: List of United States representatives from Massachusetts
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Massachusetts 1 Ashley B. Wright Republican 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y Ashley B. Wright (Republican) 55.2%
  • ▌Addison L. Green (Democratic) 39.2%
  • ▌Augustus R. Smith (Prohibition) 3.3%
  • ▌Jonathan Johnson (Populist) 2.3%
Massachusetts 2 Frederick H. Gillett Republican 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
Massachusetts 3 Joseph H. Walker Republican 1888 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y Joseph H. Walker (Republican) 59.4%
  • ▌Charles Haggerty (Democratic) 35.6%
  • ▌Henry S. Brown (Populist) 2.55%
  • ▌George F. Wright (Prohibition) 2.45%
Massachusetts 4 Lewis D. Apsley Republican 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y Lewis D. Apsley (Republican) 64.9%
  • ▌John J. Desmond (Democratic) 32.2%
  • ▌Bertram Sparhawk (Populist) 3.0%
Massachusetts 5 Moses T. Stevens Democratic 1890 Incumbent retired.
Republican gain.
  • ▌ Y William S. Knox (Republican) 51.7%
  • ▌George W. Fifield (Democratic) 44.4%
  • ▌Hiram W. Eastman (Populist) 2.7%
  • ▌Warren F. Taylor (Prohibition) 1.1%
Massachusetts 6 William Cogswell Republican 1886 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y William Cogswell (Republican) 68.3%
  • ▌Henry B. Little (Democratic) 24.2%
  • ▌Joseph K. Harris (Populist) 7.5%
Massachusetts 7 William Everett Democratic 1893 (special) Incumbent retired.
Republican gain.
  • ▌ Y William Emerson Barrett (Republican) 57.8%
  • ▌Samuel K. Hamilton (Democratic) 33.7%
  • ▌Walter L. Ramsdell (Populist) 4.6%
  • ▌George Buttrick (Prohibition) 2.9%
  • ▌George R. Peare (Socialist Labor) 1.1%
Massachusetts 8 Samuel W. McCall Republican 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
Massachusetts 9 Joseph H. O'Neil Democratic 1888 Incumbent lost renomination.
Democratic hold.
  • ▌ Y John F. Fitzgerald (Democratic) 53.3%
  • ▌Jesse M. Gove (Republican) 44.4%
  • ▌Patrick F. O'Neil (Socialist Labor) 2.4%
Massachusetts 10 Michael J. McEttrick Citizens
Democratic 		1892 Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected
Republican gain.
Massachusetts 11 William F. Draper Republican 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y William F. Draper (Republican) 62.0%
  • ▌Bentley W. Warren (Democratic) 34.7%
  • ▌John F. Dowd (Populist) 3.4%
Massachusetts 12 Elijah A. Morse Republican 1888 Incumbent re-elected.
Massachusetts 13 Charles S. Randall Republican 1888 Incumbent lost renomination.
Republican hold.
  • ▌ Y John Simpkins (Republican) 61.2%
  • ▌Robert Howard (Democratic) 38.8%

Michigan

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See also: List of United States representatives from Michigan

Minnesota

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See also: List of United States representatives from Minnesota
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[12]
Minnesota 1 James A. Tawney Republican 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y James A. Tawney (Republican) 58.0%
  • ▌John Moonan (Democratic) 26.8%
  • ▌Thomas J. Meighen (Populist) 12.0%
  • ▌Isaac H. Orcutt (Prohibition) 3.2%
Minnesota 2 James McCleary Republican 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y James McCleary (Republican) 54.0%
  • ▌Lionel C. Long (Populist) 24.2%
  • ▌James H. Baker (Democratic) 18.4%
  • ▌Edward H. Bronson (Prohibition) 3.5%
Minnesota 3 Osee M. Hall Democratic 1890 Incumbent lost re-election.
Republican gain.
  • ▌ Y Joel Heatwole (Republican) 49.2%
  • ▌Osee M. Hall (Democratic) 35.9%
  • ▌James M. Bowler (Populist) 12.6%
  • ▌Lucian Chaney (Prohibition) 2.4%
Minnesota 4 Andrew Kiefer Republican 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y Andrew Kiefer (Republican) 56.5%
  • ▌Edward Darragh (Democratic) 28.0%
  • ▌Francis H. Clark (Populist) 13.9%
  • ▌David Morgan (Prohibition) 1.6%
Minnesota 5 Loren Fletcher Republican 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y Loren Fletcher (Republican) 51.1%
  • ▌Oliver Erickson (Democratic) 28.7%
  • ▌Ernest F. Clark (Populist) 17.6%
  • ▌Theodore Reimstad (Prohibition) 2.6%
Minnesota 6 Melvin Baldwin Democratic 1892 Incumbent lost re-election.
Republican gain.
Minnesota 7 Haldor Boen Populist 1892 Incumbent lost re-election.
Republican gain.
  • ▌ Y Frank Eddy (Republican) 43.5%
  • ▌Haldor Boen (Populist) 41.6%
  • ▌Thomas McLean (Democratic) 8.3%
  • ▌Ole Kron (Prohibition) 6.5%

Mississippi

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See also: List of United States representatives from Mississippi
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Mississippi 1 John M. Allen Democratic 1884 Incumbent re-elected.
Mississippi 2 John C. Kyle Democratic 1890 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y John C. Kyle (Democratic) 75.30%
  • ▌R. J. Lyle (Populist) 20.90%
  • ▌W. R. Montgomery (Republican) 3.23%
  • ▌N. W. Brown (Prohibition) 0.57%[14]
Mississippi 3 Thomas C. Catchings Democratic 1884 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y Thomas C. Catchings (Democratic) 87.06%
  • ▌Thomas Monuh (Prohibition) 10.63%
  • ▌G. W. Wise (Populist) 2.31%[15]
Mississippi 4 Hernando Money Democratic 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y Hernando Money (Democratic) 57.88%
  • ▌J. H. Jamison (Populist) 41.65%
  • ▌Frank Sourer (Prohibition) 0.47%[16]
Mississippi 5 John S. Williams Democratic 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
Mississippi 6 T. R. Stockdale Democratic 1886 Incumbent lost renomination.
Democratic hold.
Mississippi 7 Charles E. Hooker Democratic 1886 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
  • ▌ Y James G. Spencer (Democratic) 70.19%
  • ▌A. M. Newman (Populist) 26.44%
  • ▌T. P. Barr (Prohibition) 3.38%[19]

Missouri

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See also: List of United States representatives from Missouri

Montana

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See also: List of United States representatives from Montana
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[20]
Montana at-large Charles S. Hartman Republican 1892 Incumbent re-elected.

Nebraska

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See also: List of United States representatives from Nebraska
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Nebraska 1 William Jennings Bryan Democratic 1890 Incumbent retired to run for U.S. senator.
Republican gain.
  • ▌ Y Jesse B. Strode (Republican) 44.90%
  • ▌Austin H. Weir (Democratic) 39.79%
  • ▌Richard H. Hawley (Prohibition) 3.37%[21]
Nebraska 2 David H. Mercer Republican 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
Nebraska 3 George de Rue Meiklejohn Republican 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y George de Rue Meiklejohn (Republican) 44.51%
  • ▌John M. Devine (Populist) 31.61%
  • ▌W. A. Hensley (Democratic) 21.59%
  • ▌J. C. Thomas (Prohibition) 2.29%[23]
Nebraska 4 Eugene J. Hainer Republican 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
Nebraska 5 William A. McKeighan Populist 1890 Incumbent lost re-election.
Republican gain.
Nebraska 6 Omer M. Kem Populist 1890 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y Omer M. Kem (Populist) 52.31%
  • ▌Matt A. Dougherty (Republican) 44.96%
  • ▌William Bone (Prohibition) 2.73%[26]

Nevada

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See also: List of United States representatives from Nevada
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Nevada at-large Francis G. Newlands Silver 1892 Incumbent re-elected.

New Hampshire

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See also: List of United States representatives from New Hampshire

New Jersey

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See also: List of United States representatives from New Jersey

New Mexico

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See also: List of United States representatives from New Mexico

New York

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See also: List of United States representatives from New York

North Carolina

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See also: List of United States representatives from North Carolina

North Dakota

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See also: List of United States representatives from North Dakota
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
North Dakota at-large Martin N. Johnson Republican 1890 Incumbent re-elected.

Ohio

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See also: List of United States representatives from Ohio
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[29]
Ohio 1 Bellamy Storer Republican 1890 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
Ohio 2 Jacob H. Bromwell Republican 1894 (s) Incumbent re-elected.
Ohio 3 Paul J. Sorg Democratic 1894 (s) Incumbent re-elected.
Ohio 4 Fernando C. Layton Democratic 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
Ohio 5 Dennis D. Donovan Democratic 1892 Incumbent lost renomination.
Republican gain.
Ohio 6 George W. Hulick Republican 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y George W. Hulick (Republican) 61.9%
  • ▌Joseph L. Stephens (Democratic) 38.1%
Ohio 7 George W. Wilson Republican 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y George W. Wilson (Republican) 60.6%
  • ▌Charles E. Gain (Democratic) 39.4%
Ohio 8 Luther M. Strong Republican 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
Ohio 9 Byron F. Ritchie Democratic 1892 Incumbent lost re-election.
Republican gain.
Ohio 10 Hezekiah S. Bundy Republican 1893 (s) Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
Ohio 11 Charles H. Grosvenor Republican 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
Ohio 12 Joseph H. Outhwaite Democratic 1892 Incumbent lost re-election.
Republican gain.
Ohio 13 Darius D. Hare Democratic 1892 Incumbent retired.
Republican gain.
Ohio 14 Michael D. Harter Democratic 1892 Incumbent retired.
Republican gain.
Ohio 15 H. Clay Van Voorhis Republican 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
Ohio 16 Albert J. Pearson Democratic 1892 Incumbent retired.
Republican gain.
  • ▌ Y Lorenzo Danford (Republican) 62.9%
  • ▌Albert O. Barnes (Democratic) 37.1%
Ohio 17 James A. D. Richards Democratic 1892 Incumbent lost re-election.
Republican gain.
Ohio 18 George P. Ikirt Democratic 1892 Incumbent retired.
Republican gain.
Ohio 19 Stephen A. Northway Republican 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
Ohio 20 William J. White Republican 1892 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
  • ▌ Y Clifton B. Beach (Republican) 67.5%
  • ▌H. B. Harrington (Democratic) 32.5%
Ohio 21 Tom L. Johnson Democratic 1890 Incumbent lost re-election.
Republican gain.

Oregon

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See also: List of United States representatives from Oregon
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Oregon 1 Binger Hermann Republican 1884 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y Binger Hermann (Republican) 47.62%
  • ▌Charles Miller (Populist) 26.99%
  • ▌J. K. Weatherford (Democratic) 23.08%
  • ▌John D. Hurst (Prohibition) 2.31%[30]
Oregon 2 William R. Ellis Republican 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y William R. Ellis (Republican) 47.89%
  • ▌Joseph Waldrop (Populist) 27.27%
  • ▌James H. Raley (Democratic) 22.87%
  • ▌A. F. Miller (Prohibition) 1.97%[31]

Pennsylvania

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See also: List of United States representatives from Pennsylvania

Rhode Island

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See also: List of United States representatives from Rhode Island

South Carolina

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Main article: 1894 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina
See also: List of United States representatives from South Carolina
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
South Carolina 1 James F. Izlar Democratic 1894 (special) Incumbent retired.
Democratic loss.
George W. Murray
Redistricted from the 7th district 		Republican 1892 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Murray successfully challenged Elliott's election and was awarded the seat on June 4, 1896.[33]
South Carolina 2 W. Jasper Talbert Democratic 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
South Carolina 3 Asbury Latimer Democratic 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y Asbury Latimer (Democratic) 81.3%
  • ▌Robert Moorman (Republican) 13.9%
  • Others 4.8%
South Carolina 4 George W. Shell Democratic 1890 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
  • ▌ Y Stanyarne Wilson (Democratic) 75.1%
  • ▌Lawson D. Melton (Republican) 24.7%
  • Others 0.2%
South Carolina 5 Thomas J. Strait Democratic 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y Thomas J. Strait (Democratic) 67.6%
  • ▌G. G. Alexander (Republican) 17.0%
  • ▌W. R. Davie (Independent) 12.8%
  • Others 2.6%
South Carolina 6 John L. McLaurin Democratic 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
South Carolina 7 None (New district) New district.
Democratic gain.
The election was voided on June 1, 1896, due to electoral fraud.
  • ▌ Y J. William Stokes (Democratic) 73.0%
  • ▌T. B. Johnson (Republican) 26.3%
  • Others 0.7%

South Dakota

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See also: List of United States representatives from South Dakota
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[34]
South Dakota at-large
2 seats 		John Pickler Republican 1889 Incumbent re-elected.
William V. Lucas Republican 1892 Incumbent lost renomination.
Republican hold.

Tennessee

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See also: List of United States representatives from Tennessee
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Tennessee 1 Alfred A. Taylor Republican 1888 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
  • ▌ Y William C. Anderson (Republican) 61.66%
  • ▌Thad A. Cox (Democratic) 29.23%
  • ▌R. S. Cheves (Prohibition) 9.11%[35]
Tennessee 2 John C. Houk Republican 1891 (special) Incumbent lost re-election as an Independent Republican.
Republican hold.
  • ▌ Y Henry R. Gibson (Republican) 53.24%
  • ▌John C. Houk (Ind. Republican) 43.31%
  • ▌Jonathan M. Meek (Populist) 2.10%
  • ▌W. G. Olinger (Prohibition) 1.36%[36]
Tennessee 3 Henry C. Snodgrass Democratic 1890 Incumbent lost re-election.
Republican gain.
Tennessee 4 Benton McMillin Democratic 1878 Incumbent re-elected.
Tennessee 5 James D. Richardson Democratic 1884 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y James D. Richardson (Democratic) 53.70%
  • ▌W. W. Erwin (Populist) 44.80%
  • ▌R. S. Montgomery (Republican) 1.50%[39]
Tennessee 6 Joseph E. Washington Democratic 1886 Incumbent re-elected.
Tennessee 7 Nicholas N. Cox Democratic 1890 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y Nicholas N. Cox (Democratic) 52.57%
  • ▌H. F. Farris (Republican) 36.78%
  • ▌J. K. Blackburn (Populist) 10.65%[41]
Tennessee 8 Benjamin A. Enloe Democratic 1886 Incumbent lost re-election.
Republican gain.
Tennessee 9 James C. McDearmon Democratic 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
Tennessee 10 Josiah Patterson Democratic 1890 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y Josiah Patterson (Democratic) 66.12%
  • ▌J. W. Brown (Republican) 19.43%
  • ▌R. J. Rawlings (Populist) 14.45%[44]

Texas

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See also: List of United States representatives from Texas
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Texas 1 Joseph C. Hutcheson Democratic 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y Joseph C. Hutcheson (Democratic) 55.01%
  • ▌J. J. Burroughs (Populist) 37.01%
  • ▌L. E. Dunns (Republican) 7.98%[45]
Texas 2 Samuel B. Cooper Democratic 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
Texas 3 Constantine B. Kilgore Democratic 1890 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
Texas 4 Benton McMillin Democratic 1874 Incumbent re-elected.
Texas 5 Joseph W. Bailey Democratic 1890 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y Joseph W. Bailey (Democratic) 56.71%
  • ▌N. W. Browder (Populist) 38.93%
  • ▌W. S. Farmer (Republican) 4.36%[49]
Texas 6 Jo Abbott Democratic 1886 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y Jo Abbott (Democratic) 49.23%
  • ▌Jerome Kearby (Populist) 48.38%
  • ▌B. O. James (Republican) 2.39%[50]
Texas 7 George C. Pendleton Democratic 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
Texas 8 Charles K. Bell Democratic 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
Texas 9 Joseph D. Sayers Democratic 1884 Incumbent re-elected.
Texas 10 Walter Gresham Democratic 1892 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
  • ▌ Y Miles Crowley (Democratic) 39.41%
  • ▌A. J. Rosenthal (Republican) 35.19%
  • ▌J. C. McBride (Populist) 25.40%[54]
Texas 11 William H. Crain Democratic 1884 Incumbent re-elected.
Texas 12 Thomas M. Paschal Democratic 1892 Incumbent retired.
Republican gain.
  • ▌ Y George H. Noonan (Republican) 43.41%
  • ▌A. W. Houston (Democratic) 40.09%
  • ▌A. V. Gates (Populist) 16.50%[56]
Texas 13 Jeremiah V. Cockrell Democratic 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y Jeremiah V. Cockrell (Democratic) 39.82%
  • ▌D. B. Gilliland (Populist) 38.75%
  • ▌J. M. Dean (Ind. Democratic) 16.81%
  • ▌R. J. Rawlings (Republican) 4.62%[57]

Vermont

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See also: List of United States representatives from Vermont
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[58]
Vermont 1 H. Henry Powers Republican 1890 Incumbent re-elected.
Vermont 2 William W. Grout Republican 1880
1882 (lost)
1884 		Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y William W. Grout (Republican) 75.2%
  • ▌George S. Fletcher (Democratic) 24.6%

Virginia

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See also: List of United States representatives from Virginia
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[59]
Virginia 1 William A. Jones Democratic 1890 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y William A. Jones (Democratic) 60.1%
  • ▌J. J. McDonald (Republican) 36.0%
  • ▌C. B. Morton (Populist) 2.4%
  • ▌Francis A. Bristow (Prohibition) 1.5%
Virginia 2 David G. Tyler Democratic 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y David G. Tyler (Democratic) 56.3%
  • ▌Thomas R. Borland (Republican) 40.3%
  • ▌T. J. Edwards (Populist) 3.4%
Virginia 3 George D. Wise Democratic 1880 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
  • ▌ Y Tazewell Ellett (Democratic) 63.3%
  • ▌J. W. Southward (Republican) 25.1%
  • ▌James M. Gregory (Populist) 9.6%
Others
  • ▌G. M. Smithdeal (Prohibition) 1.2%
  • ▌Martin M. Lipscomb (Independent) 0.7%
Virginia 4 James F. Epes Democratic 1890 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
Others
  • ▌B. R. Horner (Prohibition) 1.6%
  • ▌Lee Thorton (Independent) 1.0%
Election successfully challenged.
Republican gain. 		▌ Y Robert Taylor Thorp (Republican)
Virginia 5 Claude A. Swanson Democratic 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y Claude A. Swanson (Democratic) 52.3%
  • ▌G. W. Cornett (Republican) 41.0%
  • ▌G. W. Hale (Populist) 5.5%
  • ▌W. T. Shelton (Prohibition) 1.2%
Virginia 6 Paul C. Edmunds Democratic 1886 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
  • ▌ Y Peter J. Otey (Democratic) 47.1%
  • ▌J. Hampton Hoge (Republican) 36.8%
  • ▌O. C. Rucker (Populist) 15.8%
  • ▌Frank Smith (Independent) 0.2%
Virginia 7 Smith S. Turner Democratic 1894 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y Smith S. Turner (Democratic) 52.1%
  • ▌Robert J. Walker (Republican) 44.8%
Others
  • ▌Jacob S. Hopkins (Prohibition) 1.9%
  • ▌G. T. Barbee (Populist) 1.2%
Virginia 8 Elisha E. Meredith Democratic 1891 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y Elisha E. Meredith (Democratic) 54.3%
  • ▌P. H. McCaul (Republican) 42.5%
  • ▌J. S. Mason (Populist) 3.2%
Virginia 9 James W. Marshall Democratic 1892 Incumbent lost renomination.
Republican gain.
  • ▌ Y James A. Walker (Republican) 51.2%
  • ▌H. S. Morison (Democratic) 47.8%
  • ▌H. B. Howe (Populist) 1.0%
Virginia 10 Henry St. George Tucker Democratic 1888 Incumbent re-elected.
Others
  • ▌Edmund Randolph Cocke (Populist) 1.6%
  • ▌C. H. Grove (Prohibition) 1.1%
  • ▌James S. Cowden (Independent) 0.2%

Washington

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See also: List of United States representatives from Washington

West Virginia

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See also: List of United States representatives from West Virginia
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
West Virginia 1 John O. Pendleton Democratic 1890 Incumbent lost renomination.
Republican gain.
  • ▌ Y Blackburn B. Dovener (Republican) 53.40%
  • ▌John A. Howard (Democratic) 42.52%
  • ▌John E. Stealey (Populist) 2.15%
  • ▌J. Howard Holt (Prohibition) 1.93%[60]
West Virginia 2 William Lyne Wilson Democratic 1882 Incumbent lost re-election.
Republican gain.
  • ▌ Y Alston G. Dayton (Republican) 51.83%
  • ▌William Lyne Wilson (Democratic) 47.30%
  • ▌John T. Jarmey (Populist) 0.74%
  • ▌Ulysses A. Clayton (Prohibition) 0.12%[61]
West Virginia 3 John D. Alderson Democratic 1888 Incumbent lost re-election.
Republican gain.
West Virginia 4 James Capehart Democratic 1890 Incumbent retired.
Republican gain.
  • ▌ Y Warren Miller (Republican) 52.00%
  • ▌Thomas H. Harvey (Democratic) 44.38%
  • ▌Sampson H. Piersol (Populist) 3.55%
  • ▌W. H. Shaw (Prohibition) 0.08%[63]

Wisconsin

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See also: List of United States representatives from Wisconsin

Wisconsin elected ten members of congress on Election Day, November 6, 1894.[8][64]

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Wisconsin 1 Henry Allen Cooper Republican 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y Henry Allen Cooper (Republican) 56.7%
  • ▌Andrew Kull (Democratic) 31.8%
  • ▌Hamilton Utley (Populist) 7.3%
  • ▌Alex S. Kaye (Prohibition) 7.3%
Wisconsin 2 Charles Barwig Democratic 1888 Incumbent lost re-election.
Republican gain.
Wisconsin 3 Joseph W. Babcock Republican 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
Wisconsin 4 Peter J. Somers Democratic 1893 Incumbent declined re-nomination.
Republican gain.
Wisconsin 5 George H. Brickner Democratic 1888 Incumbent declined re-nomination.
Republican gain.
  • ▌ Y Samuel S. Barney (Republican) 52.6%
  • ▌Henry Blank (Democratic) 36.7%
  • ▌Fred C. Runge (Populist) 10.7%
Wisconsin 6 Owen A. Wells Democratic 1892 Incumbent lost re-election.
Republican gain.
  • ▌ Y Samuel A. Cook (Republican) 55.8%
  • ▌Owen A. Wells (Democratic) 38.3%
  • ▌Riley S. Bishop (Populist) 3.4%
  • ▌Byron E. Van Keuren (Prohibition) 2.5%
Wisconsin 7 George B. Shaw Republican 1892 Incumbent died August 27, 1894.
Republican hold.
  • ▌ Y Michael Griffin (Republican) 57.4%
  • ▌George W. Levis (Democratic) 32.8%
  • ▌Clement H. Van Worner (Populist) 5.3%
  • ▌Edward Berg (Prohibition) 4.1%
  • ▌William F. Button (Independent) 0.4%
Wisconsin 8 Lyman E. Barnes Democratic 1892 Incumbent lost re-election.
Republican gain.
  • ▌ Y Edward S. Minor (Republican) 54.2%
  • ▌Lyman E. Barnes (Democratic) 42.3%
  • ▌John Faville (Prohibition) 2.6%
  • ▌Andrew J. Larabee (Populist) 0.9%
Wisconsin 9 Thomas Lynch Democratic 1890 Incumbent lost re-election.
Republican gain.
  • ▌ Y Alexander Stewart (Republican) 56.0%
  • ▌Thomas Lynch (Democratic) 36.7%
  • ▌John F. Miles (Populist) 5.4%
  • ▌John J. Sherman (Prohibition) 1.9%
Wisconsin 10 Nils P. Haugen Republican 1892 Incumbent declined re-nomination.
Republican hold.
  • ▌ Y John J. Jenkins (Republican) 57.9%
  • ▌E. C. Kennedy (Democratic) 26.4%
  • ▌William Munro (Populist) 11.2%
  • ▌John Holt (Prohibition) 4.5%

Wyoming

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Main article: 1894 United States House of Representatives election in Wyoming
See also: List of United States representatives from Wyoming
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Wyoming at-large Henry A. Coffeen Democratic 1892 Incumbent lost re-election.
Republican gain.

Non-voting delegates

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Oklahoma Territory

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See also: List of United States representatives from Oklahoma
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Oklahoma Territory at-large Dennis T. Flynn Republican 1892 Incumbent re-elected.

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ Three states held early elections between June 4 and September 10.
  2. ^ Not including special elections
  3. ^ a b Includes late elections.
  4. ^ Includes two vacancies.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h Martis's figure includes Utah, which held its election in 1895 and is therefore not covered in this article.[1]
  6. ^ a b c Dubin (p. 312) counts 244 Republicans, 105 Democrats, 7 Populists, and 1 Silver at the opening of the 54th Congress, before the results of several contested elections were overturned in favor of Republican (and a few Populist) candidates. Dubin counts 253 Republicans, 93 Democrats, 9 Populists, and 1 Silver at the start of the 2nd session of the 54th Congress, which closely matches Martis' figure (pp. 148–49). Dubin's figure includes Utah, which held its election in 1895 and is therefore not covered in this article.
  7. ^ Includes five vacancies.
  8. ^ Populists won 9 seats and Silver won 1.
  9. ^ a b c Elections held early.
  10. ^ Full name unavailable.

References

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  1. ^ Martis, pp. 148–49.
  2. ^ "Senate and House Secured; Republican Control in the Next Congress Assured". The New York Times. November 9, 1894. p. 5.
  3. ^ "African-Americans and Populism". Archived from the original on June 22, 2006. Retrieved July 2, 2010.
  4. ^ Murphy, Paul (1974). Political Parties In American History, Volume 3, 1890-present. G. P. Putnam's Sons.
  5. ^ Jensen (1971), Chap. 9.
  6. ^ "Our Campaigns - VA - District 07 Special Election Race - Jan 30, 1894". Our Campaigns.
  7. ^ "NY - District 14 - History". Our Campaigns.
  8. ^ a b "Wisconsin U.S. House Election Results" (PDF). Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 5, 2012. Retrieved March 8, 2022 – via Wayback Machine.
  9. ^ Data incomplete.
  10. ^ "Our Campaigns - DE District At Large Race - Nov 06, 1894". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 30, 2023.
  11. ^ "ID At Large". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 4, 2021.
  12. ^ University of Minnesota Libraries. "Minnesota Historical Election Archive". Minnesota Historical Election Archive. Retrieved October 14, 2024.
  13. ^ "MS - District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 14, 2021.
  14. ^ "MS - District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 14, 2021.
  15. ^ "MS - District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 14, 2021.
  16. ^ "MS - District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 14, 2021.
  17. ^ "MS - District 05". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 14, 2021.
  18. ^ "MS - District 06". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 14, 2021.
  19. ^ "MS - District 07". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 14, 2021.
  20. ^ "MT At-Large". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 5, 2021.
  21. ^ "Our Campaigns - NE - District 01 Race - Nov 6, 1894". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved September 26, 2021.
  22. ^ "Our Campaigns - NE - District 02 Race - Nov 6, 1894". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved September 26, 2021.
  23. ^ "Our Campaigns - NE - District 03 Race - Nov 6, 1894". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved September 26, 2021.
  24. ^ "Our Campaigns - NE - District 04 Race - Nov 6, 1894". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved September 26, 2021.
  25. ^ "Our Campaigns - NE - District 05 Race - Nov 6, 1894". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved September 26, 2021.
  26. ^ "Our Campaigns - NE - District 06 Race - Nov 6, 1894". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved September 26, 2021.
  27. ^ "Our Campaigns - NV At-Large Race - Nov 6, 1894". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved May 1, 2023.
  28. ^ "ND At Large". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 6, 2021.
  29. ^ Smith, Joseph P, ed. (1898). History of the Republican Party in Ohio. Vol. I. Chicago: the Lewis Publishing Company. pp. 656–57.
  30. ^ "Our Campaigns - OR - District 01 Race - Jun 04, 1894". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved November 20, 2021.
  31. ^ "Our Campaigns - OR - District 02 Race - Jun 04, 1894". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved November 20, 2021.
  32. ^ "Our Campaigns - SC - District 01 Race - Nov 06, 1894". www.ourcampaigns.com.
  33. ^ "Our Campaigns - SC - District 01 Race - Nov 06, 1894". www.ourcampaigns.com.
  34. ^ "SD At Large". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 8, 2021.
  35. ^ "TN - District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 27, 2021.
  36. ^ "TN - District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 27, 2021.
  37. ^ "TN - District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 27, 2021.
  38. ^ "TN - District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 27, 2021.
  39. ^ "TN - District 05". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 27, 2021.
  40. ^ "TN - District 06". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 27, 2021.
  41. ^ "TN - District 07". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 27, 2021.
  42. ^ "TN - District 08". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 27, 2021.
  43. ^ "TN - District 09". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 27, 2021.
  44. ^ "TN - District 10". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 27, 2021.
  45. ^ "TX - District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 7, 2024.
  46. ^ "TX - District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 7, 2024.
  47. ^ "TX - District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 7, 2024.
  48. ^ "TX - District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 7, 2024.
  49. ^ "TX - District 05". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 7, 2024.
  50. ^ "TX - District 06". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 7, 2024.
  51. ^ "TX - District 07". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 7, 2024.
  52. ^ "TX - District 08". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 7, 2024.
  53. ^ "TX - District 09". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 7, 2024.
  54. ^ "TX - District 10". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 7, 2024.
  55. ^ "TX - District 11". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 7, 2024.
  56. ^ "TX- District 12". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 7, 2024.
  57. ^ "TX - District 13". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 7, 2024.
  58. ^ "VT Elections Database » Vermont Election Results and Statistics". VT Elections Database. Retrieved August 29, 2024.
  59. ^ "Virginia Elections Database » Virginia Election Results and Statistics". Virginia Elections Database. Retrieved September 3, 2024.
  60. ^ "WV District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 20, 2021.
  61. ^ "WV District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 20, 2021.
  62. ^ "WV District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 20, 2021.
  63. ^ "WV District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 20, 2021.
  64. ^ Casson, Henry, ed. (1895). "Biographical Sketches" (PDF). The Blue Book of the State of Wisconsin (Report). Madison, Wisconsin: State of Wisconsin. pp. 658–660. Retrieved March 8, 2022.
  65. ^ "WY At-Large". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 12, 2021.
  66. ^ "Our Campaigns - OK Territorial Delegate Race - Nov 06, 1894". www.ourcampaigns.com.

Bibliography

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