Boros Minangkabau

Minangkabau
Minangkabau
Baso Minangkabau; بهاس منڠكربو‎
Sandad id	Indonesia (West Sumatra)
Rantau	West Sumatra, Riau, Jambi, Bengkulu, North Sumatra, Aceh (Indonesia)
Etnik	Minangkabau, Aneuk Jamee
Momoboros sandad	5.5 million (2007)
Rumpun boros	Rumpun do Austronesia Malayo-Polynesian disputed:; Malayo-Sumbawan or Greater North Borneo Malayic Minangkabau; ; ; ;
Dialek	West Sumatran Minangkabau, Aneuk Jamee, Pasisi, Mukomuko, Rokan, Kampar, Kuantan;
Sistem ponuatan	Latin ; Minangkabau script
Status nokoimagon
Tinoina do	Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa
Kod boros
ISO 639-2	min
ISO 639-3	min
Glottolog	mina1268
	Areas where Minangkabau is a majority Areas where Minangkabau is a significant minority
	Artikel nopo diti nga kiwaa simbol fonetik IPA. Sokiro aiso rendering support, kokito kou kanto do tanda ponguhatan, kupuk, toi ko' simbol suai om okon ko' aksara Unicode. Montok tapanai kointutunan kokomoi simbol IPA, intangai Kouhupan:IPA.

Minangkabau (Minangkabau: Baso Minangkabau, Jawi script: بهاس منڠكربو‎; Indonesian: Bahasa Minangkabau) nopo nga Boros Austronesia i gunoon do tulun Minangkabau id Sumatera Kotonobon, boogian kotonobon do Riau, Kabupaten Kabaatan, boogian koibutan do Bengkulu om Jambi, om piipiro kakadayan pointongkop Indonesia do tulun Minangkabau i minundaliu. Boros nogi diti nga lingua franca poingompus koiyonon disan rahat kotonobon Sumatera Koibutan, om gunoon nogi id piipiro boogian hilo Aceh, id nombo lohowon o boros diti sabaagi Aneuk Jamee.

Miagal-agal o boros Minangkabau om boros Malayu. Pionitan nopo koduo boros diti nga kiwaa mogikaakawo kouyuyuhon. Haro i kipomusarahan do Minangkabau nopo nga iso bontuk pogulu do boros Malayu, om haro nogi i kipomusarahan do misuai-suai o Minangkabau mantad tinimungan boros (Malayic).^[2]

Boros Minangkabau nopo nga iso mantad piipiro boros i okuri o bontuk boros maan om pisuayan puralan boros subjek-objek.^[3]

Sundung do oubas po o momogun Minangkabau momoguno boros Minangkabau, pondidikan i poimbida montok koubasanan dii id kakadayan nopo nga tumalup nodi gama ogumu kipomusarahan do au songkuro oponsol ii id Sumatera Kotonobon. Boros Minangkabau nopo nga sabaagi "au formal" id sorili kakadayan Padang, tu lobi posotolon pomogunaan do Boros Indonesia id institusi formal. Komulakan hilo id kakadayan insaru popilongot do boros Minang om slang Indonesia id suang pibarasan.

Kinotongkopon geografi

Boros Minangkabau nopo nga boros sandad do momogun Minangkabau id Sumatera Kotonobon.^[4] Kiwaa kiikiro 5.5 riong moomomoguno boros diti. Gunoon nogi iti hilo boogian kotonobon Riau, Kabupaten Aceh Kabaatan, boogian koibutan do Bengkulu om Jambi.^[5]Poingompus nopo do kinoyonon disan rahat kotonobon Sumatera Koibutan, oguno boros diti sabaagi lingua franca. Gunoon om ointutunan o boros diti sabaagi Aneuk Jamee id piipiro boogian hilo Aceh.

Suai ko' Indonesia, gunoon nogi o boros Minangkabau id Malaysia do sakag migran mantad kinoyonon moomomoguno boros Minang id Sumatera (Ranah Minang, Tanah Minang, toi ko' Land of the Minang). Soboogian tagayo migran nokopogulu nopo nga poingion id kinoyonon diti om baino ointutunan sabaagi Negeri Sembilan, iso pogun id Malaysia; om ointutunan o dialek diti sabaagi Boros Malayu Negeri Sembilan, toi ko' Bahaso Nogori / Baso Nogoghi, baino nopo nga nosiliu boros di misuai, lobii osomok pionitan miampai Malayu ko' Minangkabau. Imigran kawawagu nopo nga ointutunan sabaagi Minang.

Dialek

Kiwaa piipiro dialek do boros Minangkabau, sumoonu misuai tumanud kampung di miinsomok (poomitanan nopo nga pinitongkiad do bawang). Dialek ngaawi nopo dii nga Rao Mapat Tunggul, Muaro Sungai Lolo, Payakumbuh, Pangkalan-Lubuk Alai, Agam-Tanah Datar, Pancungsoal, Kotobaru, Sungai Bendung Air, om Karanganyar.^[6] Id suang pibarasan tikid tadau id pialatan tulun Minangkabau mantad kinoyonon di misuai, dialek nopo di insaru gunoon nga Agam-Tanah Datar (Baso Padang toi ko' Baso Urang Awak 'boros [tulun] tokou) om nosiliu do standard.

Boros Tapan, i gunoon id Tapan id kabaatan provinsi Sumatera Kotonobon, nopo nga boros Malayo Polinesia i kawawagu noilaan om pinosuul do mionit nga okon ko' soboogian mantad boros Minangkabau. Boros Tapan om Minangkabau mombontuk subtinimungan Minangkabau Tagayo.^[7] Koduo-duo Boros Tapan om Boros Muko-Muko mombontuk subtinimungan Lunang id suang tinimungan boros Minangic (Minangkabau Tagayo) language group.^[7]^[8]

Kouyuyuhon nopo subtinimungan Minangik nga okito doid kosimbanon tuni id kolimpupuson hogot miagal id siriba:.^[8]

*V[hi]ŋ > V[hi]ăŋ
*us > uĭh
*at > eʔ
*as > eh
*is > ih

Fonologi

Inventori nopo tuni boros Minangkabau nga pinatayad id siriba:^[9]

Konsonan

		Labial	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal		m ⟨m⟩	n ⟨n⟩	ɲ ⟨ny⟩	ŋ ⟨ng⟩
Plosive/ Affricate	voiceless	p ⟨p⟩	t ⟨t⟩	tʃ ⟨c⟩	k ⟨k⟩	ʔ ⟨k⟩, ⟨ʼ⟩
Plosive/ Affricate	voiced	b ⟨b⟩	d ⟨d⟩	dʒ ⟨j⟩	ɡ ⟨g⟩
Fricative			s ⟨s⟩			h ⟨h⟩
Lateral			l ⟨l⟩
Rhotic			r ⟨r⟩
Semivowel		w ⟨w⟩		j ⟨y⟩

Vokal

Monophthongs
	Front	Central	Back
Close	i ⟨i⟩		u ⟨u⟩
Mid	e ⟨e⟩		o ⟨o⟩
Open		a ⟨a⟩

Diftong
	Front	Back
Close	iə̯⁓ie̯ ⟨ia⟩	uə̯⁓uo̯ ⟨ua⟩, ui̯ ⟨ui⟩
Mid	eə̯ ⟨ea⟩	oə̯ ⟨oa⟩
Open	ai̯ ⟨ai⟩, au̯ ⟨au⟩

Poomitanan

Panandatan

English	Minangkabau	Indonesia
How are you now?	Baʼa kaba sanak kini?	Bagaimana kabar anda sekarang?
I'm well. How about you?	Lai elok-elok se nyo. Sanak baʼa?	Saya baik-baik saja. Anda bagaimana?
What is your name?	Sia namo sanak?	Siapa nama kamu?
My name is ...	Namo ambo ...	Nama saya ...
Thank you.	Tarimo kasih.	Terima kasih.
The trees in the jungle don't have the same height, moreover the people. (Proverb)	Sadang kayu di rimbo 'ndak samo tinggi, apo lai manusia. (Pribaso)	Sedangkan pohon di hutan tidak sama tinggi, apalagi manusia. (Peribahasa)
"As the frog swims, so he/she swims too." (He/she is doing something without having a goal.)	"Co a koncek baranang co itu inyo" baʼarti mangarajokan suatu tapi indak punyo tujuan.	"Bagaimana katak berenang seperti itulah dia" berarti mengerjakan sesuatu tanpa punya tujuan.
Don't throw the rubbish here! (Command)	Indak buliah mambuang sarok di siko! (Parintah)	Dilarang membuang sampah di sini! (Perintah)
Do not touch! You will burn your hand.	Ijan dipacik! Beko tangan angku tabaka.	Jangan disentuh! Nanti tanganmu terbakar.

Numbur

Numbur	Minangkabau	Indonesia	English
1	cieʼ	satu	one
2	duo	dua	two
3	tigo	tiga	three
4	ampeʼ	empat	four
5	limo	lima	five
6	anam	enam	six
7	tujuah	tujuh	seven
8	lapan	(de)lapan	eight
9	sambilan	sembilan	nine
10	sapuluah	sepuluh	ten
11	sabaleh	sebelas	eleven
15	limo baleh	lima belas	fifteen
50	limo puluah	lima puluh	fifty
100	saratuih	seratus	one hundred/a hundred
150	saratuih limo puluah	seratus lima puluh	one hundred and fifty
500	limo ratuih	lima ratus	five hundred
#,000	ribu	ribu	thousand
#,000,000	juta	juta	million
#,000,000,000	milliar	milliar	billion

Sukuon

↑ Minangkabau at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
↑ Khaidir Anwar (1976), "Minangkabau, Background of the main pioneers of modern standard Malay in Indonesia", Archipel (id boros Inggilis), 12 (1): 77–93, doi:10.3406/arch.1976.1296
↑ Sophie Elizabeth Crouch (2009), Voice and verb morphology in Minangkabau, a language of West Sumatra, Indonesia. Master's thesis (id boros Inggilis)
↑ Kajian Serba Linguistik : Untuk Anton Moeliono Pereksa Bahasa (2000)
↑ Kajian Serba Linguistik : Untuk Anton Moeliono Pereksa Bahasa (2000)
↑ Nadra, Reniwati, and Efri Yades, Daerah Asal dan Arah Migrasi Orang Minangkabau di Provinsi Jambi Berdasarkan Kajian Variasi Dialektikal (2008)
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 Kurniati, S., Putri, Y. P., Wichmann, S., & Gil, D. (2011). Tapan: An Exploration in Malayic Subgrouping. Paper presented at the 15th International Symposium on Malay Indonesian Linguistics (ISMIL 15).
↑ ^8.0 ^8.1 Gil, D. & McKinnon, T. (2015). Excrescent Nasals in Malayic Dialects of Western Sumatra. Paper presented at the 13th International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics (13-ICAL).
↑ Adelaar, K. Alexander (1992). Proto-Malayic: The Reconstruction of its Phonology and Parts of its Lexicon and Morphology. Pacific Linguistics, Series C, no. 119. Canberra: Dept. of Linguistics, Research School of Pacific Studies, the Australian National University.

Pambasaan potilombus

Nurlela Adnan, Ermitati, Rosnida M. Nur, Pusat Bahasa (Indonesia), Balai Pustaka (Persero), PT. 2001 – Indonesian-Minangkabau dictionary (Kamus bahasa Indonesia-Minangkabau), 841 pages.
Marjusman Maksan, Yulina Kasim, Tamsin Medan, Syamsir Arifin, Basri, A. Razak Sikumbang, 1984, Geografi Dialek Bahasa Minangbakau, Jakarta, Pusat Pembinaan Dan Pengembangan Bahasa Departemen Pendidikan Dan Kebudayaan, 1984.
Tata Bahasa Minangkabau, Gerard Moussay (original title La Langue Minangkabau, translated from French by Rahayu S. Hidayat), ISBN 979-9023-16-5.

Noputan labus

Rosetta Project: Minangkabau Swadesh List

[e18-1] Minangkabau at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)

[Archipel-2] Khaidir Anwar (1976), "Minangkabau, Background of the main pioneers of modern standard Malay in Indonesia", Archipel (id boros Inggilis), 12 (1): 77–93, doi:10.3406/arch.1976.1296

[Voice_and_verb_morphology_in_Minangkabau,_a_language_of_West_Sumatra,_Indonesia-3] Sophie Elizabeth Crouch (2009), Voice and verb morphology in Minangkabau, a language of West Sumatra, Indonesia. Master's thesis (id boros Inggilis)

[Kajian_Serba_Linguistik3-4] Kajian Serba Linguistik : Untuk Anton Moeliono Pereksa Bahasa (2000)

[Kajian_Serba_Linguistik4-5] Kajian Serba Linguistik : Untuk Anton Moeliono Pereksa Bahasa (2000)

[6] Nadra, Reniwati, and Efri Yades, Daerah Asal dan Arah Migrasi Orang Minangkabau di Provinsi Jambi Berdasarkan Kajian Variasi Dialektikal (2008)

[Kurniati-7] 7.0 ^7.1 Kurniati, S., Putri, Y. P., Wichmann, S., & Gil, D. (2011). Tapan: An Exploration in Malayic Subgrouping. Paper presented at the 15th International Symposium on Malay Indonesian Linguistics (ISMIL 15).

[Gil2015-8] 8.0 ^8.1 Gil, D. & McKinnon, T. (2015). Excrescent Nasals in Malayic Dialects of Western Sumatra. Paper presented at the 13th International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics (13-ICAL).

[9] Adelaar, K. Alexander (1992). Proto-Malayic: The Reconstruction of its Phonology and Parts of its Lexicon and Morphology. Pacific Linguistics, Series C, no. 119. Canberra: Dept. of Linguistics, Research School of Pacific Studies, the Australian National University.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

v t e Minangkabau
General history	Minangkabau homelands Dharmasraya Pagaruyung Minangkabau diaspora Minangkabau Malaysians The formation of Negeri Sembilan Padri War The role of Minangkabau in PRRI
Culture	Adat etymology Malin Kundang Sabai Nan Aluih Minangkabau marriage Minangkabau cuisine Makan bajamba Minangkabau music Rabab Saluang/Minangkabau Ney Talempong/Caklempong Minangkabau dance Lilin Piring Indang Pasambahan Minangkabau merchants Randai Silek Surau Tabuik Songket Songket Minangkabau Minangkabau architecture Rumah gadang Rangkiang Balairung Pantun Nagari Dubalang
Language	Minangkabau
Religion	Islam in West Sumatra
Tribes and clans	Minangkabau clans Bodi-Chaniago system Koto-Piliang system Rao Sakai
Related organizations	Minangkabau Culture Documentation and Information Center Adityawarman Museum Orkes Gumarang
Category