The 2020 Uniform Per Student Funding Formula (UPSFF) Study analyzed PARCC performance from FY2015 to FY2019 to identify students that have consistently shown the greatest needs over time, and provided options for changes to the UPSFF that target funds to those students. According to this analysis, PARCC performance gaps for all categories of students at-risk for academic failure increased compared to their not at-risk peers, with over-age high school students and students in foster care demonstrating the most significant gaps.