white-space

Baseline Widely available

This feature is well established and works across many devices and browser versions. It’s been available across browsers since July 2015.

此 CSS white-space 屬性決定如何處理元素內的空白字元。

備註：如果要讓文字本身斷行，請改用 overflow-wrap、word-break 或 hyphens。

css

/* Keyword values */
white-space: normal;
white-space: nowrap;
white-space: pre;
white-space: pre-wrap;
white-space: pre-line;

/* Global values */
white-space: inherit;
white-space: initial;
white-space: unset;

預設值	`normal`
Applies to	all elements
繼承與否	yes
Computed value	as specified
Animation type	discrete

Syntax

white-space 的特性值為下列其中之一。

Values

normal: 連續的空白字元會被合併(collapse)，換行字元被視為空白字元。換行只在被文字空間限制時發生。
nowrap: 對待空白字元的方式跟 normal 一樣，且會強制不換行。
pre: 連續的空白字元都會被保留。換行在有換行字元以及<br>時發生。
pre-wrap: 連續的空白字元都會被保留。換行會在換行字元、有<br>元素以及被文字空間限制時發生。
pre-line: 連續的空白字元會被合併(collapse)。換行在換行字元、 <br>以及被文字空間限制時發生。

下列表格整理了各項 white-space 值的行為：

	New lines	Spaces and tabs	Text wrapping
`normal`	Collapse	Collapse	Wrap
`nowrap`	Collapse	Collapse	No wrap
`pre`	Preserve	Preserve	No wrap
`pre-wrap`	Preserve	Preserve	Wrap
`pre-line`	Preserve	Collapse	Wrap

Formal syntax

white-space = 
  normal        |
  pre           |
  nowrap        |
  pre-wrap      |
  break-spaces  |
  pre-line

Examples

Basic example

css

code {
  white-space: pre;
}

Line breaks inside `<pre>` elements

css

pre {
  word-wrap: break-word; /* IE 5.5-7 */
  white-space: -moz-pre-wrap; /* Firefox 1.0-2.0 */
  white-space: pre-wrap; /* Modern browsers */
}

See it in action

<div id="css-code" class="box">
  p { white-space:
  <select>
    <option>normal</option>
    <option>nowrap</option>
    <option>pre</option>
    <option>pre-wrap</option>
    <option>pre-line</option>
  </select>
  }
</div>
<div id="results" class="box">
  <p>
    Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod
    tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam,
    quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo
    consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse
    cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat
    non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.
  </p>
</div>

.box {
  width: 300px;
  padding: 16px;
  border-radius: 10px;
}

#css-code {
  background-color: rgb(220, 220, 220);
  font-size: 16px;
}

#results {
  background-color: rgb(230, 230, 230);
  overflow-x: scroll;
  height: 400px;
  white-space: normal;
  font-size: 14px;
}

var select = document.querySelector("#css-code select");
var results = document.querySelector("#results p");
select.addEventListener("change", function (e) {
  results.setAttribute("style", "white-space: "   e.target.value);
});

Source

    <p>    Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.

    Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.

    Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur.

    Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.</p>

CSS Result

Specifications

Specification
CSS Text Module Level 3 # white-space-property

Browser compatibility

BCD tables only load in the browser

Line breaks inside <pre> elements

Line breaks inside `<pre>` elements