Commons:Urheberrechtsregeln nach Gebiet/Japan

Urheberrechtsregeln: Japan Kürzel: COM:JAPAN
Schutzfrist
Standard	70 Jahre p. m. a.
Anonym	Veröffentlichung 70 Jahre
Regierung	Gesetze, Urteile, Hinweise frei
Andere
Panoramafreiheit	Für Gebäude
Frist geht bis zum Jahresende	Ja
Gemeinsame Lizenzvorlagen	{{PD-Japan}} {{PD-Japan-exempt}} {{PD-Japan-organization}} {{PD-Japan-film}} {{PD-Japan-oldphoto}} {{PD-Japan-audio}} {{FoP-Japan}} {{TOO-Japan}}
ISO 3166-1 alpha-3	JPN
Abkommen
Berner Übereinkunft	15. Juli 1899
Welthandelsorganisation-Mitglied	1. Januar 1995
URAA-Wiederherstellungsdatum‌*	1. Januar 1996
WIPO-Urheberrechtsvertrag	6. März 2002
*‌Ein Werk ist in der Regel in den USA geschützt, wenn es sich um eine Art von Werk handelt, das in den USA urheberrechtsfähig ist, nach 31 December 1928 veröffentlicht wurde und im Ursprungsland am URAA-Datum geschützt ist.

Diese Seite bietet einen Überblick über die Copyright-Regeln von Japan, die für das Hochladen von Werken in Wikimedia Commons relevant sind. Beachte, dass jedes Werk, das aus Japan stammt, sowohl in Japan als auch in den Vereinigten Staaten gemeinfrei oder unter einer freien Lizenz verfügbar sein muss, bevor es auf Wikimedia Commons hochgeladen werden kann. Bei Zweifeln über den urheberrechtlichen Status eines Werkes aus Japan solltest du die entsprechenden Gesetze zur Klärung heranziehen.

Geltende gesetzliche Bestimmungen

Japan ist seit dem 15. Juli 1899 Mitglied des Berner Übereinkommen, seit dem 1. Januar 1995 der Welthandelsorganisation und am dem 6. März 2002 dem WIPO-Urheberrechtsvertrag beigetreten. Seit 2018 führt die Weltorganisation für geistiges Eigentum (WIPO), eine Unterorganisation der Vereinten Nationen, den Copyright Act (Act No. 48 of May 6, 1970, as amended up to Act No. 35 of May 14, 2014) als das wichtigste vom japanischen Gesetzgeber erlassene IP-Gesetz auf. Die WIPO hält den Text dieses Gesetzes in ihrer Datenbank WIPO Lexvor. Im Dezember 2018 gab die Agentur für kulturelle Angelegenheiten bekannt, dass die Dauer des Urheberrechts von 50 Jahren auf 70 Jahre nach dem Tod des Urhebers verlängert wurde, was dem Abkommen der Trans-Pacific Partnership entspricht. Dies betrifft nicht die Werke, die bereits vor dem 30. Dezember 2018 gemeinfrei waren.

Dauer

Nach dem Urheberrechtsgesetz (Gesetz Nr. 48 vom 6. Mai 1970, geändert bis zum Gesetz Nr. 30 vom 25. Mai 2018),

• Das Urheberrecht gilt für die Dauer des Lebens des Urhebers plus 70 Jahre.^{[35/1970-2018 Artikel 51]}
• Ist das Werk anonym oder pseudonym, dauert das Urheberrecht 70 Jahre nach der Veröffentlichung oder dem Tod des Urhebers, je nachdem, welcher Zeitpunkt früher eintritt.^{[35/1970-2018 Artikel 52]}
• Gemeinschaftswerke: 70 Jahre ab der ersten Veröffentlichung (oder Schöpfung, wenn unveröffentlicht).^{[35/1970-2018 Artikel 53]}
• Das Urheberrecht an einem Werk, das auf den Namen einer Organisation lautet, erlischt 70 Jahre nach der Veröffentlichung oder 70 Jahre nach der Schöpfung, wenn das Werk nicht innerhalb von 70 Jahren nach der Schöpfung veröffentlicht wird.^{[1899-1931 Artikel 53]}
• Die vorstehende Bestimmung findet keine Anwendung, wenn der Urheber das Werk während der in der vorstehenden Bestimmung genannten Schutzdauer beim Urheberrechtsamt anmeldet.^{[1899-1931 Artikel 53.2]}
• Für Tonaufnahmen gilt eine Frist von 70 Jahren nach der Veröffentlichung. Siehe {{PD-Japan-audio}} für Einzelheiten.
• Die Urheberrechtsdauer wurde 2018 von 50 auf 70 Jahre verlängert. Werke, deren Urheberrecht vor dem Datum des Inkrafttretens abgelaufen ist, sind davon nicht betroffen.

• Since June 18, 2003, cinematographic works are exceptionally protected for 70 years, instead of 50 years, after the publication, or 70 years after the creation if the film is not published within 70 years of the creation.^{[1899-1931 Art. 54]}
  • 38 years after the creator's death if it was published as his work before 1971.^{[1899-1931 Art. 22-3][1899-1969 Art. 3]}
  • All films produced in Japan prior to 1954 and directed by a person who died more than 38 years ago are in the public domain. See template {{PD-Japan-film}} for details.

• Photographs: 10 years from first publication (or creation if unpublished) before 1957.^{[1899-1931 Art. 23]}
• Copyright protection for photographs published on or before December 31, 1956 has been ended, whether the author is alive or not.
• The term of protection for works from 1970 or before is the longer of the term under the old Copyright Act and that under the current Copyright Act. This provision especially affects the copyright status of cinematographic works.

• If the work was also published in the U.S. within 30 days (or it was first published in the United States), it was also protected under U.S. law but not affected by the URAA restoration. See Commons:Gemeinfreie Dateien and Commons:Hirtle-Tabelle.

Nicht geschützt

Abkürzung

• COM:NOP Japan

Siehe auch: Commons:Ungeschützte Werke

Under the Copyright Act (Act No. 48 of May 6, 1970, as amended up to Act No. 35 of May 14, 2014) the following are not eligible for copyright.^{[35/1970-2014 Art. 13]}

1. the Constitution and other laws and regulations;
2. public notices, instructions, circular notices and the like issued by organs of the State or local public entities, incorporated administrative agencies ... or local incorporated administrative agencies ...;
3. judgments, decisions, orders and decrees of courts, as well as rulings and judgments made by government agencies in proceedings of a quasi-judicial nature;
4. translations and compilations prepared by organs of the State or local public entities, incorporated administrative agencies or local incorporated administrative agencies of [any of] the materials listed in the preceding three items.

Terms

Individual works

Date of author's death	Date of publication	Copyright tag
– December 31, 1945	– December 31, 1928	{{PD-Japan}} {{PD-old-auto-expired}} {{PD-Japan}}{{PD-old-auto-expired|deathyear=death year}}
– December 31, 1945	January 1, 1929 – December 31, 1957 January 1, 1971 –	{{PD-Japan}} {{PD-old-auto-1996}} {{PD-Japan}}{{PD-old-auto-1996|country=Japan|deathyear=death year}}
– December 31, 1945	January 1, 1958 – December 31, 1970	{{PD-Japan}} {{Not-PD-US-URAA}}The work was still in copyright in Japan on the date of URAA restoration (January 1, 1996) because copyright of the posthumous work was valid for 38 years from its publication before 1971.[1899 Art. 4][1969 Art. 52-1] {{PD-Japan}}{{Not-PD-US-URAA|country=Japan}} Note that {{Not-PD-US-URAA}} may not be used for files uploaded after 1 March 2012.
January 1, 1946 – December 31, 1967	– December 31, 1928	{{PD-Japan}} {{PD-old-auto-expired}} {{PD-Japan}}{{PD-old-auto-expired|deathyear=death year}}
	January 1, 1929 –	{{PD-Japan}} {{Not-PD-US-URAA}} {{PD-Japan}}{{Not-PD-US-URAA|country=Japan}} Note that {{Not-PD-US-URAA}} may not be used for files uploaded after 1 March 2012.
Others		The work is still protected under Japan law.

Anonymous or Pseudonymous works

If the author of the work is unveiled during its copyright term, it is protected as an individual work. e.g. Osamu Tezuka (手塚 治, died in 1989) and his pen name "手塚 治虫" are well-known among people, so his works will be protected in Japan until 2059.

Date of publication	Copyright tag
– December 31, 1928	{{PD-Japan}} {{PD-anon-expired}} {{PD-Japan}}{{PD-anon-expired}}
January 1, 1929 – December 31, 1945	{{PD-Japan}} {{PD-anon-auto-1996}} {{PD-Japan}}{{PD-anon-auto-1996|country=Japan|publication=year}}
January 1, 1946 – December 31, 1967	{{PD-Japan}} {{Not-PD-US-URAA}} {{PD-Japan}}{{Not-PD-US-URAA|country=Japan}}
Others	The work is still protected under Japan law.

Cooperative works

Date of publication	Copyright tag
– December 31, 1928	{{PD-Japan-organization}} {{PD-US-expired}} {{PD-Japan-organization}}{{PD-US-expired}}
January 1, 1929 – December 31, 1945	{{PD-Japan-organization}} {{PD-1996}} {{PD-Japan-organization}}{{PD-1996|country=Japan}}
January 1, 1946 – December 31, 1967	{{PD-Japan-organization}} {{Not-PD-US-URAA}} {{PD-Japan-organization}}{{Not-PD-US-URAA|country=Japan}}
Others	The work is still protected under Japan law.

Old photographs

Date of creation	Date of publication	Copyright tag
– December 31, 1946	Any date	{{PD-Japan-oldphoto}} {{PD-Japan-oldphoto}}
January 1, 1947 – December 31, 1956	– December 31, 1956	{{PD-Japan-oldphoto}} {{PD-Japan-oldphoto}}
	January 1, 1957 – (within 10 years)	Judged under 1970 Copyright law. (as an individual work or pseudonymous work)
	Not published within 10 years from creation	{{PD-Japan-oldphoto}} {{PD-Japan-oldphoto}}
January 1, 1957 –	Any date	Judged under 1970 Copyright law. (as an individual work or pseudonymous work)

Ausnahmen

• For some government works, {{PD-Japan-exempt}}
• For pre-1953 films directed by a person who died more than 38 years ago. This may not exclude the company's work. e.g. In 2006, Roy Export Company Establishment sued a Japanese company that was copying Sunnyside (1919) and other pre-1953 films directed by Charlie Chaplin. Tokyo distinct court judged that Chaplin held their copyright. They have been protected until 2015 (38 years after his death, according to the older copyright law) or 70 years after their publication, plus more additional period by the wartime prolongation).
• {{PD-Japan-film}} choose from {{PD-US-expired}} or {{PD-1996}} (–1945)

• For other films, No one expires copyright yet. (earliest 2025)
• FoP (photographs of an architectural work) {{FoP-Japan}} free license tag for the image
• FoP (photographs of the copyrighted artwork or sculpture located in a public space) {{NoFoP-Japan}} (Not accepted on Commons)
• TOO (Logo) {{TOO-Japan}} Public domain for the image

Lizenzvorlagen

Abkürzung

• COM:TAG Japan

Siehe auch: Commons:Lizenzvorlagen

• {{PD-Japan-oldphoto}} – for Japanese photos published before 1 January 1957, or photographed before 1 January 1947.
• {{PD-Japan}} – for Japanese non-photographic works 50 years after the death of the creator (there being multiple creators, the creator who dies last), or 50 years after publication for anonymous or pseudonymous authors. Valid for works whose author died before 1968.
• {{PD-Japan-film}} – for films produced in Japan prior to 1953.

• {{PD-Japan-organization}} – for images of the works in names of organizations/companies/corporations 50 years after the publication. Valid for works by the name of organizations which were published before 1968.
• {{PD-Japan-exempt}} – for works exempt from copyright in Japan.

• {{GJSTU1}} - For contents made available on government websites under the Government of Japan Standard Terms of Use (Version 1.0).
• {{GJSTU-2.0}} - For contents made available on government websites under the Government of Japan Standard Terms of Use (Ver.2.0); compatible with CC BY 4.0.

Non-copyright tags:

• {{FoP-Japan}} may be added to a picture that includes architectural works, which are allowed under the "freedom of panorama" rule, but other tags should be given to show the picture's copyright status in Japan and the United States.

• {{AerialPhotograph-mlitJP}} – The copyright holder, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism of Japan, allows anyone to use the image for any purpose, provided that the copyright holder is properly attributed.

Währung

Abkürzung

• COM:CUR Japan

Siehe auch: Commons:Währung

OK. The designs of the Japanese banknotes are published as state-issued 'Notifications' which exempt them from copyright protection under Copyright Law of Japan. {{PD-Japan-exempt}} applies to them.

De minimis

Abkürzung

• COM:DM Japan

Siehe auch: Commons:De minimis

Copyright Act Article 30-2, amended in 2012, states:

• Article 30-2: When creating a copyrighted work of photography, sound recording or video recording, other copyrighted items that are incidental subjects of the work because they are hard to be separated from the item that is a subject of the work may be copied or translated along the work being created (only if they are minor components of the work being created). However, if, considering the kinds of the incidentally included works and the manner of the copying or translation, it unfairly is prejudicial to the interest of the copyright holders of the incidentally included works, they may not.

Panoramafreiheit

Abkürzung

• COM:FOP Japan

Siehe auch: Commons:Panoramafreiheit

• for artistic works:  Nicht OK {{NoFoP-Japan}} except in cases governed by Article 46.
• for buildings only: OK {{FoP-Japan}}

The Copyright Act (Act No. 48 of May 6, 1970, as amended up to Act No. 35 of May 14, 2014), allows the reproduction of artistic works located permanently in open places accessible to the public, such as streets and parks, or at places easily seen by the public, such as the outer walls of buildings, only for non-commercial purposes. Therefore, such photographs are not free enough for Commons.

Architectural works (i.e., buildings) located in such places may be photographed and the photos may be reproduced for any purposes. §46(iv), which contains the "non-commercial" restriction, applies only to "artistic works".^{[1899-1931 Art. 46(iv)]} Some buildings like the Tower of the Sun can be regarded as artistic works per discussion.

Regarding buildings, a 2003 ruling by the Osaka District Court states that in order for a building to be copyrighted, it "must have creativity in aesthetic expression in light of the definition of works stipulated in Article 2, Paragraph 1, Item 1 of the same Act." This means ordinary-looking buildings are not eligible for copyright protection as "architectural works".

For more information, refer to:

• 著作権法 – 建築に関する著作物について (Copyright Law – About Architectural Works), by 村田法律事務所 (Murata Law Office) (archived copy) — in Japanese

Note: According to Japanese copyright law, Japan has a copyright lifetime of 70 years after the death of the author (ie. creator/designer) or following "the death of the last surviving co-author in the case of a joint work." Henceforth, the author's works shall become copyright free and enter the public domain.^{[1899-1931 Art. 51]}

Briefmarken

Siehe auch: Commons:Briefmarken

Stamps more than 70 years old or published before 1 January 1968 are in the public domain, per {{PD-Japan}}.

Schöpfungshöhe

Abkürzung

• COM:TOO Japan

Siehe auch: Commons:Schöpfungshöhe

Logos in the gallery below are OK to upload. Article 2 of Japanese copyright law defines that a work is eligible for copyright when it is a production in which thoughts or sentiments are expressed in a creative way and which falls within the literary, scientific, artistic or musical domain.

Japanese courts have decided that to be copyrightable, a text logo needs to have artistic appearance that is worth artistic appreciation. Logos composed merely of geometric shapes and texts are also not copyrightable in general.

	(DR) Tokyo High Court's ruling: letters are a means of communication, shared by all. Copyright protection of fonts is limited only to those that raise artistic appreciation as much as artistic works do.
	(DR) Tokyo High Court's ruling: although the shape is stylized, the text is in a normal arrangement and keeps its function of being read as a sequence of letters.
	Tokyo District Court's ruling: the Court is negative towards recognizing the symbol as a copyrightable work of fine arts, because it is considered merely relatively simple graphic elements.

• Furby toy: utilitarian, so not protected by copyright as an artistic work. Not utilitarian in the United States, so photos of the toy can't be uploaded to Commons.

Unterschriften

Abkürzung

• COM:SIG Japan

Siehe auch: Commons:Wann der PD-Signature-Lizenzbaustein verwendet werden soll

OK for a typical signature,  Not OK for calligraphic signatures. The decision 平成10(受)332 (Hanrei Jiho No. 1730: 123) set a relatively high artistic threshold for typefaces. The decision 平成10(ワ)14675 substantiates that calligraphy works are copyrightable . According to Article 2, Paragraph 1, Item 1 of the Copyright Law, a work is a production in which thoughts or sentiments are expressed in a creative way and which falls within the literary, scientific artistic or musical domain. A signature must have aesthetic properties capable of artistic appreciation, not just beauty in terms of practical functionality, to be copyrightable.

Siehe auch

• Japan
• Category:Japanese FOP cases
• Category:License tags of Japan
• Category:Stamps of Japan

• s:ja:ヘルプ:パブリックドメイン (Wikisource: Help: Public Domain)
• s:ja:著作権法 (明治三十二年法律第三十九号) (Wikisource: Copyright Act 1899)
• s:ja:著作権法 (Wikisource: Copyright Act 1970)
• m:Legal/URAA Statement
• Grundlegende Konzepte im japanischen und amerikanischen Urheberrecht (Karjala und Sugiyama, 1988)

Zitate

Caution: The above description may be inaccurate, incomplete and/or out of date, so must be treated with caution. Before you upload a file to Wikimedia Commons you should ensure it may be used freely. Siehe auch: Commons:Allgemeiner Haftungsausschluss