Abbreviations:

• C.M.&St.P.R.R. - Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railroad
• O.-W.R.&N. - Oregon–Washington Railroad and Navigation Company
• N.P.R.R. - Northern Pacific Railroad
• T.&.E.R.R. - Tacoma Eastern Railroad (later bought by Milwaukee)

Places shown on map: Olympia, Tenino, Tono, Mendota, Centralia, Chehalis, Castle Rock, Cowlitz River, Ladd, Morton

Identifier: bulletin190unit (find matches)
Title: Bulletin
Year: 1910 (1910s)
Authors: United States. Bureau of Mines
Subjects: Mines and mineral resources Mines and mineral resources Mining engineering
Publisher: Washington U.S. Govt. Print. Off. (etc.)
Contributing Library: Gerstein - University of Toronto
Digitizing Sponsor: University of Toronto

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of mine. Name of company. Tono Washington Union Coal Co. Packwood : Olympia Coal Mining Co. Fords Prairie Fords Prairie Coal Co. Mendota Empress Kopiah Monarch Superior Xo. 2.Sheldon. Mendota Coal & Coke Co.Centralia Coal Mining Co. Agnew Fuel Co.Superior Coal Co.Sheldon Coal Co. Salzer Valley Salzer Valley Coal Co. 11 ( Ladd j Phoenix Coal Co. TOPOGRAPHY. The subbituminous coals occur within a series of sandstones andshales which, being easily eroded, have been carved into roundedhills giving a topography more or less like that of a plateau trav-ersed by streams. The elevations range from 192 feet above sea levelalong the Chehalis Valley to 700 feet near the eastern margin of thecoal areas. To the east are mountains largely made up of older sedi-mentary rocks and igneous rocks, which in places attain an elevationof 2,000 to 2,700 feet~ The topography of the coal district offers little obstacle to rail-road building. COAL-MINING PROBLEMS IN THE STATE OF WASHINGTON, A ^ y s^ <1
Text Appearing After Image:
INTRODUCTION. 0 GEOLOGIC STRUCTURE. For the greater part, the structure of this field is much more sim-ple than that of the King and Pierce County fields. Little or nosharp folding occurs within the areas where coal mines are nowbeing operated, but the beds dip at gentle angles varying from 2° or4° to 15° or 20°, and in rare instances to 60°. Some faults occur, allnormal as far as observed, with such small displacement that therehas been little difficulty in finding a bed beyond a fault. STRATIGRAPHY. Little effort, if any, has been made to determine the number ofbeds within these areas or the relations between the beds that out-crop at different places. Drilling at Tono has revealed seven bedswithin that part of the field. The uppermost bed, known as No. 1,is 17 to 18 feet between walls; No. 2, 50 feet below No. 1, is reportedto contain 6 feet of coal and bone; No. 3 bed, 200 feet below No. 2,contains 5 to 13 feet of material; No. 4, 90 feet below No. 3, rangesfrom 9 to 12 feet

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