This image is in the public domain because it is a mere mechanical scan or photocopy of a public domain original, or – from the available evidence – is so similar to such a scan or photocopy that no copyright protection can be expected to arise. The original itself is in the public domain for the following reason:

Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse

This image or other work is of Australian origin and is now in the public domain because its term of copyright has expired. According to the Australian Copyright Council (ACC), ACC Information Sheet G023v19 (Duration of copyright) (January 2019).1 Type of material Copyright has expired if …  A  Photographs or other works published anonymously, under a pseudonym or the creator is unknown: taken or published prior to 1 January 1955 B Photographs (except A): taken prior to 1 January 1955 C Artistic works (except A & B): the creator died before 1 January 1955 D Published editions2 (except A & B): first published more than 25 years ago (prior to 1 January 1999) E Commonwealth, State or Territory owned3 photographs and engravings: taken or published more than 50 years ago (prior to 1 January 1974) 1 Copyright Amendment (Disability Access and Other Measures) Bill 2017 (Australian Government) 2 means the typographical arrangement and layout of a published work. eg. newsprint. 3 owned means where a government is the copyright owner as well as would have owned copyright but reached some other agreement with the creator. When using this template, please provide information of where the image was first published and who created it. You must also include a United States public domain tag to indicate why this work is in the public domain in the United States. العربية ∙ català ∙ Deutsch ∙ English ∙ español ∙ français ∙ 日本語 ∙ македонски ∙ മലയാളം ∙ Nederlands ∙ русский ∙ slovenščina ∙ Tok Pisin ∙ Türkçe ∙ українська ∙ 简体中文 ∙ 繁體中文 ∙ /−

---

This tag is designed for use where there may be a need to assert that any enhancements (eg brightness, contrast, colour-matching, sharpening) are in themselves insufficiently creative to generate a new copyright. It can be used where it is unknown whether any enhancements have been made, as well as when the enhancements are clear but insufficient. For known raw unenhanced scans you can use an appropriate {{PD-old}} tag instead. For usage, see Commons:When to use the PD-scan tag.

---

Note: This tag applies to scans and photocopies only. For photographs of public domain originals taken from afar, {{PD-Art}} may be applicable. See Commons:When to use the PD-Art tag.