Commons:License laundering
All works on Wikimedia Commons are required to be released under a free license by their copyright holder. Unless the uploader is the copyright holder, we require proof that the copyright holder released the work under the license. This is typically done either by submitting permission via e-mail, or by posting a public statement on the copyright holder's website.
What is laundering?
editLaundering is the process of using a mechanism to remove an undesired trait. Clothes laundering may take the form of a washing machine (mechanical mechanism) to remove dirt (undesired trait). Money laundering may take the form of purchasing a gift card with a stolen credit card (transaction mechanism) to remove traceability (undesired trait). So too is license laundering: taking an image with a non-free copyright status (a disallowed, thus undesirable trait) and uploading it, without permission from the copyright holder, to a website that claims to release it under a free license.
License laundering is particularly common with photo sharing websites that allow their users to specify a free license for their images, such as Flickr or Picasa Web Albums. For this reason, the term Flickr washing to refer to license laundering via Flickr is also frequently used.
License laundering is problematic because it falsely presents as genuine a license for which the true copyright holder has not given their permission. Laundered licenses are thus difficult to detect as copyright violations, and indeed deceive good faith users who accept the illegitimate licenses at face value.
Detecting license laundering
editIf license laundering is suspected, even if the source user is claiming to be the copyright owner, the file should be nominated for deletion.
There are several ways to detect license laundering. One of the simplest is to search for the image—using keywords from its title/description or using an image search such as TinEye or Google Search by Image—and see if an official source website can be found. Usually, laundered files are available elsewhere on the web, although they may also be scanned from paper sources.
Another simple technique is to look at the other photos included in the same page or set at the source website. Look at EXIF metadata if it is available. Were the images taken at about the same time, using the same camera, in the same location? Do they have about the same resolution and exhibit the same artistic style or level of quality? Or are they all dramatically different? A hodgepodge of images points to reproduction of others' images without permission, while similar images suggest legitimacy.
Examine the source website to determine who uploaded the images. On sites like Flickr, this information may be available through the user's profile information. Such information can give hints to the identity and profession of the uploader. If the file is high quality, the uploader should be identifiable as a professional or skilled hobbyist. If the file depicts models or celebrities, the uploader should be someone who works with celebrities.
For works that are published on a third-party platform such as YouTube or Flickr from an account claiming to belong to an organisation or well known person, check if the account is "Verified" by the third-party platform. The absence of a "Verified" status is not by itself problematic, but rather provides some weighting to arguments about whether license laundering may be occurring.
For works that are published on a third-party platform such as YouTube or Flickr from an account claiming to be officially affiliated with an organisation or well known person, check if the official webpage for the organisation or person has a link to the third-party platform account. Otherwise, check if the official social media accounts or blogs of the organisation or person are sharing content from the third-party platform account. Such links either prove or disprove a connection between the organisation or person and the third-party platform account.
Finally, it is often useful to contact the source website (e.g., message the Flickr user) and politely ask where they obtained the image in question. Often the person who borrowed the image will be happy to disclose that they are not in fact the copyright holder, and merely copied the image from elsewhere.