Littorina

*Littorina*
	; caragolí comú
Taxonomia
Superregne	Holozoa
Regne	Animalia
Fílum	Mollusca
Classe	Gastropoda
Ordre	Littorinimorpha
Família	Littorinidae
Gènere	Littorina ; Férussac, 1822
Tipus taxonòmic	Turbo littoreus Linnaeus, 1758
Nomenclatura
Sinònims	Algaroda Dall, 1918; Bacalia H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854; Brevilittorina Golikov, Dolgolenko, Maximovich & Scarlato, 1990; Cricostoma Mørch, 1857; Ezolittorina Habe, 1958; Litorina Menke, 1828; Littorelaea Leach, 1847; Turbinarius Duméril, 1806;

Littorina és un gènere de gastròpodes marins de la família Littorinidae.^[2] Són cargols petits que viuen a la zona de marees de les roques litorals.

Littorina ha donat el nom al Mar Littorina, el precursor geològic del Mar Bàltic.

Distribució

Es troben a la zona litoral i sublitoral d'arreu del món.

Taxonomia

L'espècie tipus és Turbo littoreus. Linnaeus, 1758 va restringir les espècies del gènere a l'Hemisferi Nord en zones temperades i fredes. Les espècies tropicals pertanyen a un altre gènere dins la mateixa família^[3]

Les espècies dins el gènere Littorina inclouen ^[2]

Littorina aleutica Dall, 1872
Littorina arcana Hannaford-Ellis, 1978
Littorina brevicula (Philippi, 1844)
Littorina compressa Jeffreys, 1865
Littorina fabalis (Turton, 1825)
Littorina horikawai Matsubayashi & Habe in Habe, 1979
Littorina islandica Reid, 1996 †
Littorina kasatka Reid, Zaslavskaya & Sergievsky, 1991
Littorina keenae Rosewater, 1978
Littorina littorea (Linnaeus, 1758),
Littorina mandshurica (Schrenk, 1861)
Littorina natica Reid, 1996
Littorina obtusata (Linnaeus, 1758),
Littorina petricola Arnold, 1908 †
Littorina plena Gould, 1849
Littorina remondii Gabb, 1866 †
Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792),
Littorina scutulata Gould, 1849,
Littorina sitkana Philippi, 1846
† Littorina sookensis Clark & Arnold, 1923
Littorina squalida Broderip & Sowerby, 1829
Littorina subrotundata (Carpenter, 1864)
Littorina varia
Littorina zebra

Espècies convertides en sinònims

Littorina aestuarii Jeffreys, 1865: sinònim de Littorina obtusata (Linnaeus, 1758)
Littorina affinis d'Orbigny, 1839: synonym of Tectarius striatus (King & Broderip, 1832)
Littorina angulifera is a synonym for Littoraria angulifera (Lamarck, 1822)
Littorina arenica Jay, 1839: synonym of Tectarius striatus (King & Broderip, 1832)
Litorina arenica Dunker, 1845: synonym of Tectarius striatus (King & Broderip, 1832)
Littorina canariensis d'Orbigny, 1839: synonym of Tectarius striatus (King & Broderip, 1832)
Litorina globosa Dunker, 1845: synonym of Tectarius striatus (King & Broderip, 1832)
Littorina granularis Gray, 1839: synonym of Echinolittorina miliaris (Quoy & Gaimard, 1833)
Littorina lamellosa Souverbie, 1861: synonym of Fossarus lamellosus (Souverbie, 1861)
Littorina marnat Potiez & Michaud, 1838: synonym of Echinolittorina punctata (Gmelin, 1791)
Littorina obesa (G.B. Sowerby, 1832): synonym of Littoraria coccinea (Gmelin, 1791)
Littorina petraeus (Montagu, 1803): synonym of Melarhaphe neritoides (Linnaeus, 1758)
Littorina planaxis G.B. Sowerby I, 1844: synonym of Tectarius striatus (King & Broderip, 1832)
Littorina saxatilis jugosa Montagu, 1803: synonym of Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792)
Littorina saxatilis nigrolineata Gray, 1839: synonym of Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792)
Littorina striata is a synonym for Tectarius striatus (King & Broderip, 1832) ^[4]
Littorina undulata Gray, 1839: synonym of Littoraria undulata (Gray, 1839)
Littorina unifasciata antipodum: synonym of Austrolittorina antipodum (Philippi, 1847)
Littorina ziczac is a synonym for Echinolittorina ziczac (Gmelin, 1791)
Littorina zonaria Bean, 1844: synonym of Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792)

Referències

A Wikimedia Commons hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: Littorina

↑ Férussac A. É d'A de (1822). H.N. g. et p. Moll., Tabl. gén., xxxiv.
↑ ^2,0 ^2,1 ^2,2 WoRMS (2011). Littorina Férussac, 1822. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=138135 on 2011-04-15
↑ Bandel, K. & D. Kadolsky (1982). Western Atlantic Species of Nodolittorina (Gastropda: Prosobranchia): comparative morphology and its functional, ecological, phylogenetic and taxonomic implications. Veliger 25 (1): 1-42.
↑ S T Williams, D G Reid, D T J Littlewood «A molecular phylogeny of the Littorininae (Gastropoda: Littorinidae): unequal evolutionary rates, morphological parallelism, and biogeography of the Southern Ocean.». Mol Phylogenet Evol., 1, 1, 2003, pàg. 60–86. Arxivat de l'original el 2012-10-05. DOI: 10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00038-1. PMID: 12801472 [Consulta: 26 agost 2014]. Arxivat 2012-10-05 a Wayback Machine.

Reid D.G. (1996). Systematics and evolution of Littorina. The Ray Society 463p

[1] Férussac A. É d'A de (1822). H.N. g. et p. Moll., Tabl. gén., xxxiv.

[WoRMS-2] 2,0 ^2,1 ^2,2 WoRMS (2011). Littorina Férussac, 1822. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=138135 on 2011-04-15

[3] Bandel, K. & D. Kadolsky (1982). Western Atlantic Species of Nodolittorina (Gastropda: Prosobranchia): comparative morphology and its functional, ecological, phylogenetic and taxonomic implications. Veliger 25 (1): 1-42.

[Littorininae-4] S T Williams, D G Reid, D T J Littlewood «A molecular phylogeny of the Littorininae (Gastropoda: Littorinidae): unequal evolutionary rates, morphological parallelism, and biogeography of the Southern Ocean.». Mol Phylogenet Evol., 1, 1, 2003, pàg. 60–86. Arxivat de l'original el 2012-10-05. DOI: 10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00038-1. PMID: 12801472 [Consulta: 26 agost 2014]. Arxivat 2012-10-05 a Wayback Machine.

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